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Liquid vaporization under thermodynamic phase non-equilibrium condition at the gas-liquid interface

Science China(Technological Sciences) 2020年第12期63卷 2649-2656页

作者： WANG XingJian LAFON Patrick sundaram dilip YANG Vigor Department of Mechanical and Civil Engineering Florida Institute of TechnologyMelbourneFlorida 32901USA Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA School of Aerospace Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA

Liquid vaporization under thermodynamic phase non-equilibrium condition at the gas-liquid interface is investigated over a wide range of fluid state typical of many liquid-fueled energy conversion systems. The validity of the phase-equilibrium assumption commonly used in the existing study of liquid vaporization is examined using molecular dynamics theories. The interfacial mass flow rates on both sides of the liquid surface are compared to the net vaporization rate through an order-of-magnitude *** indicated that the phase-equilibrium assumption holds valid at relatively high pressures and low temperatures,and for droplets with relatively large initial diameters(for example,larger than 10 μm for vaporizing oxygen droplets in gaseous hydrogen in the pressure range from 10 atm to the oxygen critical state). Droplet vaporization under superheated conditions is also explored using classical binary homogeneous nucleation theory,in conjunction with a real-fluid equation of state. It is found that the bubble nucleation rate is very sensitive to changes in saturation ratio and pressure;it increases by several orders of magnitude when either the saturation ratio or the pressure is slightly increased. The kinetic limit of saturation ratio decreases with increasing pressure,leading to reduced difference between saturation and superheat conditions. As a result,the influence of nonequilibrium conditions on droplet vaporization is lower at a higher pressure.

关键词： liquid vaporization droplet vaporization superheated vaporization thermodynamic phase equilibrium thermodynamic phase non-equilibrium vapor nucleation

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Theoretical prediction and validation of global horizontal solar irradiance for a tropical climate in India

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Frontiers in Energy 2015年第3期9卷 311-321页

作者： Sivasankari sundaram Jakka SARAT CHANDRA BABU Department of Chemical Engineering National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli 620015 India

This paper aims to propose monthly models responsible for the theoretical evaluation of the global horizontal irradiance of a tropical region in India which is Sivagangai situated in Tamilnadu. The actual measured global horizontal irradiance hails from a 5 MW solar power plant station located at Sivagangai in Tamilnadu. The data were monitored from May 2011 to April 2013. The theoretical assessment was conducted differently by employing a programming platform called Microsoft Visual Basic 2010 Express. A graphical user interface was created using Visual Basic 2010 Express, which provided the evaluation of empirical parameters for model formulation such as daily sunshine duration （5）, maximum possible sunshine hour duration （S0）, extra terrestrial horizontal global irradiance （H0） and extra terrestrial direct normal irradiance （G0）. The proposed regression models were validated by the significance of statistical indicators such as mean bias error, root mean square error and mean percentage error from the predicted and the actual values for the region considered. Comparison was made between the proposed monthly models and the existing normalized models for global horizontal irradiance evaluation.

关键词： global horizontal irradiance (GHI) mean biaserror root mean square error mean percentage error,coefficient of regression Visual Basic 2010 Express

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A comprehensive review on clinical outcome of probiotic and synbiotic therapy for inflammatory bowel diseases

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2018年第3期8卷 179-186页

作者： Bhagavathi sundaram Sivamaruthi Innovation Center for Holistic Health Nutraceuticals and Cosmeceuticals Faculty of Pharmacy Chiang Mai University

The composition of gut microflora and its metabolic activity are closely correlated with the host immune system, and the changes in the biometric of the microbiome lead to inflammatory diseases like inflammatory bowel disease. The supplementation of probiotics and synbiotic could indeed manipulate the microflora, which can be an alternative therapy for ulcerative colitis, and Crohn's disease. Several in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies for the initiation and maintenance of remission in patients with inflammatory bowel disease have been *** studies evaluated the efficacy of many probiotic formulations, especially about VSL#*** though the clinical studies proved that almost all the probiotic interventions are safe and bring improvement to patients, some studies are deficient in sample size, proper controls, and follow-ups. This paper summarizes the possible mechanism of inflammatory bowel disease development, probiotics, the clinical outcome of probiotic and synbiotic interventions for ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, as well as the adverse effect of probiotic treatments.

关键词： Ulcerative colitis Inflammatory bowel disease Crohn’s disease Probiotic Synbiotic

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Mini versus ultra-mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy in a paediatric population

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Asian Journal of Urology 2022年第1期9卷 75-80页

作者： dilip K.Mishra Sonia Bhatt sundaram Palaniappan Talamanchi V.K.Reddy Vinothkumar Rajenthiran Y.L.Sreeranga Madhu S.Agrawal Department of Urology Global Rainbow HospitalAgraUttar PradeshIndia Department of Pediatrics F H Medical CollegeAgraUttar PradeshIndia Department of Urology Sengkang General HospitalSingapore

Objective:To evaluate whether there would be a difference in outcome when the smaller ultra-mini 12 Fr sheath was used instead of the mini 16 Fr sheath for percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PCNL)in paediatric patients for stones less than 25 ***:This was a prospective cohort study of patients who underwent PCNL in our hospital in a 2-year period from July 2016 to June 2018 by a single *** was performed in a prone position and tract was dilated to the respective size using single step *** was used to fragment the ***-free outcome was defined as absence of stone fragment at 3 months on kidney,ureter,and bladder ***:There were 40 patients in each *** stone size was comparable between the two groups(14.5 mm vs.15.0 mm).The procedure was completed faster in the 16 Fr group compared to 12 Fr group(24.5 min vs.34.6 min).Stone clearance was highly successful in both groups(97.5%vs.95.0%).There was no difference in complications between the two *** decrease in hemoglobin was minimal in both groups(0.2 g/dL vs.0.3 g/dL).Conclusion:We found that the success rates were similar in both mini PCNL and the smaller ultra-mini PCNL *** significant difference in bleeding was noted in our pilot study,however,operative time was longer in the ultra-mini group as compared to the mini sheath group.

关键词： Percutaneous nephrolithotomy Mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy Ultra-mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy Minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy Paediatric percutaneous nephrolithotomy Renal stone Urolithiasis

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Infections in Alcoholic Hepatitis

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2022年第4期10卷 718-725页

作者： Bhupinder Kaur Russell Rosenblatt Vinay sundaram Internal Medicine Department Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCAUSA Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Comprehen-sive Transplant Center Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCAUSA

Severe alcoholic hepatitis (sAH) is defined by a modified discriminant function ≥32 or model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) >20. Patients with sAH are in an immu-nocompromised state attributed to cirrhosis-related immu-noparesis and corticosteroid use. Individuals with sAH often develop severe infections that adversely impact short-term prognosis. Currently, the corticosteroid prednisolone is the only treatment with proven efficacy in sAH;however, the combination of corticosteroid treatment and altered host defense in sAH has been thought to increase the risk of acquiring of bacterial, opportunistic fungal, and viral infec-tions. Newer studies have shown that corticosteroids do not increase occurrence of infections in those with sAH;unfor-tunately, the lack of response to corticosteroids may instead predispose to infection development. Prompt and appropri-ate antibiotic treatment is therefore essential to improving patient outcomes. This review highlights common infections and risk factors in patients with sAH. Additionally, current diagnostic, therapeutic, and prophylactic strategies in these patients are discussed.

关键词： Alcoholic hepatitis Infections Corticosteroids STOPAH Antibiotic treatment Aspergillosis Immunodeficiency Alcoholic liver disease

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Mechanical property and biocompatibility of co-precipitated nano hydroxyapatite-gelatine composites

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2015年第3期4卷 237-243页

作者： Huirong LE Kiruthika NATESAN sundaram PRANTI-HARAN School of Marine Science and Engineering Plymouth UniversityUnited Kingdom Peninsular Schools of Medicine and Dentistry Plymouth UniversityUnited Kingdom School of Engineering Physics and MathematicsUniversity of DundeeUnited Kingdom

Uniform and well dispersed nano hydroxyapatite(HA)-gelatine composites were obtained by co-precipitation of hydroxyapatite and denatured calf skin *** process allowed much higher concentration of hydroxyapatite to be produced over conventional hydrothermal process to improve the *** effect of gelatine on the morphology,mechanical properties,and biocompatibility of hydroxyapatite particles was *** cell tests of the consolidated hydroxyapatite-gelatine composites showed that the composites have excellent biocompatibility.

关键词： biomaterials nanocomposites hydroxyapatite(HA) gelatine biocompatibility

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Anti-hyperglycemic property of Hericium erinaceus --A mini review

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2017年第11期7卷 1036-1040页

作者： Chaiyavat Chaiyasut Bhagavathi sundaram Sivamaruthi Innovation Center for Holistic Health Nutraceuticalsand CosmeceuticalsFaculty of PharmacyChiang Mai UniversityThailand

Hericium erinaceus(H. erinaceus) is one of the widely used edible mushrooms around the world, primarily in Asian countries. H. erinaceus is used in traditional medicines, and mushroom based foods. The fruiting body and mycelia of H. erinaceus are extracted using the solvents, and several bioactive compounds were identified. Several studies have reported that those bioactive compounds exhibit many health benefits such as hemagglutinating, antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, antitumor, antioxidant, and anti-aging activities, etc. This manuscript consciously updated the information about the composition of H. erinaceus, H. erinaceus based foods, and anti-hyperglycemic property of H. erinaceus.

关键词： Anti-hyperglycemic Diabetes Fermented Hericium erinaceus juice Hericium erinaceus Polysaccharides

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Laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19 in secondary care hospitals in India:will standalone serology suffice?

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2021年第1期17卷 8-9页

作者： Sara Chandy sundaram Balasubramanian Anand Manoharan Molecular Laboratory The CHILDS Trust Medical Research FoundationChennaiTamil Nadu 600034India Department of Pediatrics Kanchi Kamakoti CHILDS Trust HospitalChennaiTamil Nadu 600034India

RT-PCR is the accepted gold standard for diagnosis of *** specificity of RT-PCR is very good,but its sensitivity largely depends on the type of sample collected,timing of collection,clinical sampling protocol,and nucl... 详细信息

关键词： diagnosis specificity clinical

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A comprehensive review on anti-diabetic property of rice bran

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2018年第1期8卷 79-84页

作者： Bhagavathi sundaram Sivamaruthi Periyanaina Kesika Chaiyavat Chaiyasut Innovation Center for Holistic Health Nutraceuticals and Cosmeceuticals Faculty of Pharmacy Chiang Mai University

Rice bran(RB) is one of the nutrient-rich agricultural byproducts. It is a composite of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, fibers, minerals, and trace elements such as phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium and manganese. The extraction and purification process influences the quality and quantity of rice bran oil, which is rich in tocopherols, tocotrienols, 毭-oryzanol, and unsaturated fatty acids. The bioactive components of RB have been reported for exhibiting antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypocholesterolemic, anti-cancer, anti-colitis, and antidiabetic properties. In vitro and in vivo studies, and clinical trials in human volunteers revealed the anti-hyperglycemic activity of RB derived compounds. An updated comprehensive review on the antidiabetic property of RB and its derivative is required to appraise the current knowledge in the particular field. Thus, the present paper covered the composition and bioactivities of RB, and influence of extraction methods on the biological property of rice bran oil and rice bran extract. And the current review also focused on the reported antihyperglycemia activity of rice bran derivatives, and its probable mechanism.

关键词： Anti-diabetic Anthocyanins Rice bran Rice bran oil Rice bran extract γ-oryzanol

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Low-temperature solution process for preparing flexible transparent carbon nanotube film for use in flexible supercapacitors

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Nano Research 2015年第10期8卷 3430-3445页

作者： Ashok K. Sundramoorthy Yi-Cheng Wang sundaram Gunasekaran DepartmentofBiologicalSystemsEngineering UniversityofWisconsin-Madison460HenryMallMadisonW153706USA

Single-walled carbon nanotubes （SWNTs） possess high conductivity, mechanical strength, transparency, and flexibility, and are thus suitable for use in flexible electronics, transparent electrodes, and energy-storage and energy-harvesting applications. However, to exploit these properties, SWNTs must be de-bundled in a surfactant solution to permit processing and use. We report a new method to prepare a SWNT-based transparent conducting film （TCF） using the diazo dye 3,3＇-（[1,1＇-biphenyl]-4,4＇-diyl）bis（4-amino naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid）, commonly known as Congo red （CR）, as a dispersant. Uniform 20-nm-thick TCFs were prepared on rigid glass and flexible polyethylene terephthalate （PET） substrates. The CR-SWNT dispersion and the CR-SWNT TCFs were characterized via UV-Vis-NIR, Raman spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, field-emission scanning electron microscopy （FE-SEM） and dynamic light scattering （DLS） measurements. The sheet resistivity of the CRSWNT TCF was -34 ±6.6 Ω/□ with a transmittance of 81% at 550 nm, comparable to that of indium tin oxide-based films. Unlike SWNT dispersions prepared in common surfactants, such as sodium dodecyl sulfate （SDS）, sodium cholate （SC）, and Triton X-100, the CR-SWNT dispersion was amenable to forming TCF by drop coating. The CR-SWNT TCF was also very stable, maintaining a very low sheet resistivity even after 1,000 consecutive bending cycles of 8 mm bending radius. Further, manganese dioxide （MnO2） was electrochemically deposited on the CR-SWNT-PET film （MnO2-CR-SWNT-PET）. The as-prepared MnO2- CR-SWNT-PET electrode exhibited high specific capacitance and bendability, demonstrating promise as a candidate electrode material for flexible supercapacitors.

关键词： transparent electrode manganese dioxide carbon nanotube Congo red flexible electronics supercapacitors

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