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Comparative analysis of astaxanthin and its esters in the mutant E1 of Haematococcus pluvialis and other green algae by HPLC with a C30 column

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Science china(Life sciences. 2008年第12期51卷 1108-1115页

作者： PENG Juan1, XIANG WenZhou2,1, tanG Quanming1, sun Ni1, CHEN Feng1,3 & yuAN JianPing 4 1 south china sea institute of oceanology, chinese academy of sciences. guangzhou 510301, china 2 institute of oceanology, chinese academy of sciences. Qingdao 266071, china 3 School of Biological sciences. The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, china 4 institute of oceanology & College of Life sciences. sun Yat-Sen University, guangzhou 510301, china south china {2. institute of oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China institute of oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao China School of Biological sciences The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China institute of oceanology & College of Life {2. Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou China

A gradient reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method using a C30 col-umn was developed for the simultaneous determination of astaxanthin, astaxanthin monoesters and astaxanthin diesters in the green algae Chlorococcum sp., Chlorella zofingiensis, Haematococcus plu-vialis and the mutant E1, which was obtained from the mutagenesis of H. pluvialis by exposure to UV-irradiation and ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS) with subsequent screening using nicotine. The re-sults showed that the contents of total astaxanthins including free astaxanthin and astaxanthin esters ranged from 1.4 to 30.9 mg/g dry biomass in these green algae. The lower total astaxanthin levels (2.mg/g dry biomass) were detected in the green algae Chlorococcum sp. and C. zofingiensis. The higher total astaxanthin levels (>16 mg/g dry biomass) were found in the green alga H. pluvialis and its mutant E1. It is notable that the mutant E1 is found to have considerably higher amounts of total astaxanthin (30.9 mg/g) as compared to the wild strain of H. pluvialis (16.1 mg/g). This indicates that UV-irradiation and EMS compound mutagenesis with subsequent screening using nicotine is an effective method for breeding of a high-producing astaxanthin strain of H. pluvialis. In addition, the green alga C. zofingien-sis had a remarkably higher percentage of astaxanthin diesters (76.3% of total astaxanthins) and a re-markably lower percentage of astaxanthin monoesters (18.0% of total astaxanthins) in comparison with H. pluvialis (35.5% for diesters and 60.9% for monoesters), the mutant E1 (49.1% and 48.1%) and Chlorococcum sp. (18.0% and 58.6%).

关键词： green algae Haematococcus pluvialis mutant astaxanthin HPLC C30 column

Studies on rickettsia-like organism (RLO) disease of tropical marine pearl oyster-Epidemiological investigation of RLO disease in juvenile populations of maricultured Pinctada maxima

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2003年第3期22卷 421-435页

作者： Xinzhong Wu , Dengfeng Li, Jinpei Pan, Jingbo Jiang College of Animal sciences.Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 31002.,china. Email: wuxz@zju.edu.cn{2. china sea institute of oceanology, chinese academy of sciences.guangzhou 510301,chinaSchool of Life sciences.sun YAT-SEN University,guangzhou 5102.5,china College of Animal sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 China south china {2. Inst. of oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510301 China School of Life sciences SUN YAT-SEN University Guangzhou 510275 China

The death which occurred in juvenile population was a severe problem in the course ofPinctada maxima artificial culture. With the methods of field investigation, histological study and statistic analyses, the epidemiological study was carried out on the disease and death in juvenile populations of Pinctada maxima in the Xinying Pearl Oyster Mariculture Farm of Lingao County (for the A, B and C batches of cultured juveniles hanged in the sea) and the Xincun Pearl Oyster Mariculture Farm of Lingshui County (for the D batch of cultured juvenile hanged in the pond), Hainan Province from November 1993 to April *** results show that the deaths which occurred in juvenile populations of Pinctada maxima presented an outbreak pattern. The peak of mortality rates, in general, occurred in 4-to 6-month old pearl oyster juveniles, and the mortality rates gradully declined with the extention of pearl oyster age after cul-turing 8 months. The correlation between the mortality rates of juvenile populations and mean body lengths of juvenile populations show that the mortality rate become higher under 4 cm of mean body lengths of juvenile population and become obvious declined over 5 cm of mean body lengths. The peak of mortality rate occurred in 1-3 cm of mean body lengths. The results of histological observation showed that rickettsia-like organism inclusions were common, histological widespread infective agent among every batches (A, B, C and D) of cultured juvenile populations. The mean severity indices (SI) of rickettsia-like organism (RLO) infection were positively correlated with mortality rates of juvenile populations. After or within every peaks of RLO infection were all accompanied with the peaks of mortality rates of host populations and the mortality rates declined with decreased RLO infection. So the evidences of histological observation and epidemiology in this study indicated that rickettsia-like organism (RLO) may be as an impor{2.t pathogenic organism of disease

关键词： Pinctada maxima rickettsia-like organism epidemiology juvenile population

Geophysical survey on the tectonic and sediment distribution of Qinghai Lake basin

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Science china Earth sciences 2006年第8期49卷 851-861页

作者： AN Zhisheng1, WANG Ping2. SHEN Ji3, ZHANG Yixiang2. ZHANG Peizhen4, WANG Sumin3, LI Xiaoqiang1, sun Qianli1, SONG Yougui1, AI Li1, ZHANG Yechun2. JIANG Shaoren2. liu Xingqi3 & WANG Yong31. {2. of Earth Environment, chinese academy of sciences.(CAS), Xi’an 710075, china 2. south china sea {2. of oceanology, CAS, {12. 510301, china 3. Nanjing {2. of Geography and Limnology, CAS, Nanjing 2.0008, china 4. {2. of Geology, china Earthquake Administration, Beijing 10002., china institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Xi’an China south china {2. institute of oceanology CAS Guangzhou China Nanjing institute of Geography and Limnology CAS Nanjing China institute of Geology China Earthquake Administration Beijing China

The intensive geophysical survey of Qinghai Lake reveals the buried depth of lake sediments and their distribution features. The result indicates that there are three important inter- phases of Qinghai Lake sediments: T1 is the rife interphase of the lake, above which sediments are spread all over the lake basin with roughly the same thickness; T5 is the interphase from which the neotectonic sedimentary cycle begins, and its above sedimentary environment is relatively stable; Tg is the base of the lake basin. Five west-northwest (WNW) fault belts defined the tectonic structure of Qinghai Lake basin: the central hunch around Haixin Shan with two subbasins both in its north and south. The thickness of the lake sediments varies at different places, the thickest sediments are found within the two subbasins. According to the depth that the Sparker System can reach, sediment in the northern subbasin is deeper than 560 m, while sediment in the southern subbasin is deeper than 700 m. The correlation between the seismic sequence stratigraph and the lithology of onshore core shows that Qinghai Lake sediments consist of muddy silt, clay silt, silty clay, gravel silty clay, etc.

关键词： sediment, geophysical survey, Qinghai Lake.

Research on the dynamics of the south{2. sea opening:Evidence from analogue modeling

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Science china Earth sciences 2006年第10期49卷 1053-1069页

作者： sun Zhen1,2, ZHOU Di1, ZHONG Zhihong3, XIA Bin2, QIU Xuelin1, ZENG Zuoxun4 & JIANG Jianqun5 1. CAS Key Laboratory of Marginal sea Geology, south china sea institute of oceanology, chinese academy of sciences. guangzhou 510301, china 2. CAS Key Laboratory of Marginal sea Geology, guangzhou institute of Geochemistry, chinese academy of sciences. guangzhou 510640, china 3. Department of Technology, Shenzhen Branch of CNOOC, guangzhou 510240, china 4. Faculty of Earth sciences. china University of Geosciences. Wuhan 430074, china 5. Hainan Oil & Gas Exploration Company, Liaohe Oilfield Petrochina, Panjin 124010, china CAS Key Laboratory of Marginal sea Geology South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China CAS Key Laboratory of Marginal sea Geology Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China Department of Technology Shenzhen Branch of CNOOC Guangzhou China Faculty of Earth sciences China University of Geosciences Wuhan China Hainan Oil & Gas Exploration Company Liaohe Oilfield PetroChina Panjin China

Independent of Indochina extrusion, the south{2. sea experienced a process from passive continental rifting to marginal sea drifting. According to the fault patterns in the Beibu Gulf basin and the Pearl River Mouth basin, the continental rifting and early spreading stage from 32.to 2. Ma were controlled by extensional stress field, which shifted clockwise from southeastward to south southeastward. From 2. Ma on, the sea spread in NW-SE direction and ceased spreading at around 15.5 Ma. Integrated geological information with the assumption that the south{2. sea developed along a pre-Cenozoic weakness zone, we did analogue experiments on the south{2. sea evolu- tion. Experiments revealed that the pre-existing weakness zone goes roughly along the uplift zone between the present Zhu-1 and Zhu-2.depression. The pre-existing weakness zone is composed of three segments trending NNE, roughly EW and NEE, respectively. The early opening of the south{2. sea is accompanied with roughly 15° clockwise rotation, while the SE sub-sea basin opened with SE extension. Tinjar fault was the western boundary of the Nansha block (Dangerous Ground), while Lupar fault was the eastern boundary of the Indochina, NW-trending rift belt known as Zengmu basin developed between above two faults due to block divergent of Indochina from Nansha. In the experiment, transtensional flower structures along NW-trending faults are seen, and slight inversion occurs along some NE-dipping faults. The existence of rigid massifs changed the orientations of some faults and rift belt, and also led to deformation concentrate around the massifs. The rifting and drifting of the south{2. sea might be caused by slab pull from the proto south{2. sea subducting toward Borneo and/or mantle flow caused by India-Asia collision.

关键词： south china sea, rifting and drifting, clockwise rotation, analogue modeling, rigid massifs.

The bacterial diversity in surface sediment from the south china {2.

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2010年第4期29卷 98-105页

作者： WANG Guanghua DONG Junde LI Xiang sun Huimin Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Science Guangzhou 510301 China Graduate University of chinese academy of Science Beijing 100049 China

16S rDNA sequencing results from this study and literatures demonstrate that sediment bacteria in the south china {2. （SCS） were very diverse,which contained 2. of the 2. phyla of bacteria investigated from marine sediment,however,it was very imbalance among *** bacterial diversity from 15 samples which covered a wide range of sediment types from 2. to 3 888 m in depth was studied in DGGE （denature gradient gel electrophoresis） in this *** DGGE results indicate that both sediment bacterial diversity and diversity difference among stations were *** representative and differential fingerprints among samples were recovered and sequenced,phylogenetic analysis indicates that they may belong to Proteobacteria （α-,β-,γ-,δ-,ε-）,Planctomycetes,Firmicutes,Chloroflexi,Acidobacteria,Actinobacteria,Nitrospirae,Gemmatimonadetes,candidate division WS3 and so on,of which,Gemmatimonadetes and candidate division WS3 bacteria were first detected in SCS *** study also shows that bacterial diversity analysis based on DGGE was more potential than traditional 16S rDNA clone library in multiple sample analysis.

关键词： bacterial diversity DGGE marine sediment south china {2.

High-frequency atmospheric variability over south china {2. as depicted by TRMM and QuikSCAT

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2011年第2期30卷 46-52页

作者： LI Weibiao WANG Dong xiao LEI Ting liu Zijie LU0 Cong DepartmentofAtmosphericsciences SunYat—SenUniversityGuangzhou510275China LED SouthChinaSeaInstituteofOceanologyChineseAcademyofSciencesGuangzhou510301China

By using the TRMM and QuikSCAT datathe characteristics of the 2.8 day high frequency atmospheric variability over the south china {2. are studied in this ***’s found that：（1） the 2.8 day high frequency signals are significant not only during the periods of the south china {2. Summer Monsoon （SCSSM）,but also after the retreat of the *** reaches its peak around July to August;（2. the 2.8 day high frequency signals exhibit strong intermittent features;（3） During El Nino years,the 2.8 day high frequency signals are active only in the periods of the *** La Nina years,the 2.8 day high frequency signals are obviously not only in periods of the SCSSM,but also after the retreat of the *** the SCSSM periods,the 2.8 day high frequency signals in El Nino years are much stronger than that in La Nina years;（4） During spring to early summer,most of 2.8 day signals propagate southward and eastward,during midsummer to autumn,however,most of 2.8-day signals propagate northward and westward;（5） The 2.8 day northward and westward propagation signals is probably related to the activities of high-frequency vortex over the SCS.

关键词： high-frequency atmospheric variability south china {2. TRMM QuikSCAT

Phylogenetic diversity of bacteria associated with the marine sponge Agelas robusta from south china {2.

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2010年第5期29卷 65-73页

作者： sun We DAI Shikun WANG Guanghua XIE Lianwu JIANG Shumei LI Xiang Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization （LMB-CAS） Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Mediea （LMMM-GD） South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510301 China Graduate University of the chinese academy of {2. Beijing 100049 China Central south University of Forestry and Technology Changsha 410004 China

It is well known that marine sponges harbor large numbers of bacteria,some of which have been proved to be *** diversity of bacteria in marine sponges distributed along the coast of south china {2. has been previously studied but that of bacteria in sponges inhabiting the open {2. has been rarely *** this report,the diversity of bacteria associated with the marine sponge Agelas robusta from a remote coral reef in the south china {2. was documented employing 16S rDNA library construction,amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis（ARDRA） and phylogenetic analysis.A total of 32.phylotypes were finally categorized in nine phyla including Cyanobacteria,Proteobacteria,Chloroflexi,Firmicutes,Actinobacteria,Acidobacteria,Planctomycetes,Bacteroidetes and *** dominant phylum was Proteobacteria whereas the dominant genus was Synechococcus in *** spongespecific bacteria were also found in the bacteria population,but the proportion（5 OTUs/32.OTUs） was much lower than other *** study reveals the phylogenetic diversity of bacteria in *** and confirms the presence of some sponge-specific bacteria in the south china *** the diversity of sponge-associated bacteria in china assists to exploit the bacteria resources for biotechnology.

关键词： south china {2. Agelas robusta phylogenetic diversity sponge-specific bacteria

Dynamic Analysis of Yinggehai Basinthrough Analogue Modeling

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Journal of Earth Science 2000年第1期19卷 81-85页

作者： sun Zhen Faculty of Earth Resources, china University of Geo{2. Wuhan 430074 Zhou Di south china sea institute of oceanology, guangzhou 510301 Zeng Zuoxun Faculty of Earth {2. china University of Geo{2. Wuhan 430074 Zhong Zhi

The Yinggehai basin lies in the northwestern shelf of the south china {2.. The maximum depth of the Cenozoic sediments is 17 km. Present gas exploration was mainly in the Neogene strata. But it is estimated that the Paleocene sediments (~8 km in thickness) has productive potential. So re{2.rch on the Paleogene rifting structure will greatly enlarge the exploration area. 3D scaled sandbox is the analogue model for the Yinggehai basin. Comparing modeling with the basin by the positions and movement of depocenters, the geometric similarity, we aim to summarize the dynamic situation of Yinggehai basin during the rifting stage and to cast an objective prediction on the structures in the areas without data.

关键词： dynamic analysis rifting structure analogue modeling.

Mesozoic subduction-accretion zone in northeastern south china {2. inferred from geophysical interpretations

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Science china Earth sciences 2006年第5期49卷 471-482页

作者： ZHOU Di1, WANG Wanyin2. WANG Jialin3, PANG Xiong4, CAI Dongsheng5 & sun Zhen1 1. Key Laboratory of Marginal sea Geology, {2. china sea institute of oceanology, chinese academy of sciences. Guang- zhou 510301, china 2. College of Geological and Topographical Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, china 3. Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai 2.0092. china 4. china National Offshore Oil Co. Limited – Shenzhen Branch, Shenzhen 518067, china 5. china National Offshore Oil Co. Limited – Research Center, Beijing 10002., china Key Laboratory of Marginal sea Geology South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China College of Geological and Topographical Engineering Chang’an University Xi’an China Key Laboratory of Marine Geology Tongji University Shanghai China china National Offshore Oil Co. Limited — Shenzhen Branch Shenzhen China china National Offshore Oil Co. Limited — Research Center Beijing China

A segment of Mesozoic subduction-accretion zone was inferred across thenortheastern south china {2. at approximately NE450 orientation. Basic evidence includes thefollowing: A belt of peek gross horizontal Bouguer gravity gradient (PGHGBA) is comparable in sizeand intensity to that of the Manila subduction-accretion zone. A belt of high positive magneticanomalies appears to the north and sub-parallel to the PGHGBA, representing the volcanic arcassociated to the subduction zone. The PGHGBA crosses obliquely both Cenozoic structures and present{2.floor topography, indicating a pre-Cenozoic age. The segment is offset left-laterally byNW-running strike-slip faults, in concord with the Mesozoic stress field of south china. Inaddition, the existence of the subduction zone is supported by wide-angle seismic data obtained indifferent years by different institutions. At approximate localities, a north-dipping ramp of Mohosurface is indicated by records of ocean-bottom seismometers, and a strong reflector about 8 kmbeneath the Moho reflector is indicated by both OBS and long-cable seismic records. Theidentification of a segment of Mesozoic subduction zone in NE south china {2. fills nicely the gapof the Great Late Mesozoic Circum SE Asia Subduction-acrretion Zone, which extended from Sumatra,Java, SE Kalimantan to N Palawan, and from Taiwan, Ryukyu to SW Japan.

关键词： Mesozoic, subduction zone, SE Asia, NE south china sea, geophysics.