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A Review of Microplastics in China Marine Waters

中国海洋大学学报:英文版 2023年第5期22卷 1326-1340页

作者： GAO Fenglei LI Jingxi HU Jun LI Xianguo sun chengjun Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology Marine Bioresource and Environment Research CenterFirst Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesQingdao 266061China Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology Ministry of EducationOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Research Vessel Operation Center First Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesQingdao 266061China Laboratory of Marine Drugs and Bioproducts Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266071China

Microplastics(<5 mm)are ubiquitous in the environment and can pose potential danger to the ecosystem and even human health.As the sink of microplastics,the ocean,especially the densely populated coastal area,has become a hotspot for research on microplastic pollution.In the last decade,the research of marine microplastics has been rapidly increasing in China.This review summarized the microplastic research conducted in China marine waters so far,and introduced the trends and progress of microplastic research in the four seas along the coast of China.We reviewed and compared the current sampling,extraction,and identification methodologies of China's microplastic research.According to the sampling method,the 30 reviewed studies were separated into two categories,trawl sampling and bulk sampling,to summarize relevant data,including abundance,sizes,shapes,colors and polymer types of microplastics.The main results showed that the distribution of microplastics in China's marine environment varied significantly,with offshore mariculture zones and the South China Sea being the most contaminated areas.Transparent,granules(or pellets)and fibers were the most dominant microplastic colors and shapes,and the size of microplastics was influenced significantly by the sampling method.Polyethylene(PE),polypropylene(PP)and polystyrene(PS)were the most common polymer types found in the China Sea,accounting for 49.96%,29.97%,and 12.38%of the total studies,respectively.Compared with other global data,China's coastal microplastic pollution is at an intermediate level and does not seem to be a major microplastic pollution source.

关键词： microplastics seawater trawl sampling bulk sampling China

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Water characteristics of abyssal and hadal zones in the southern Yap Trench observed with the submersible Jiaolong

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2020年第3期38卷 593-605页

作者： LIU Xuehai LIU Yongzhi CAO Wei sun chengjun First Institute of Oceanography Ministry of Natural ResourcesQingdao 266061China Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)Qingdao 266237China Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling Ministry of Natural ResourcesQingdao 266061China

Using observations in an applied cruise of the submersible Jiaolong,water characteristics,geostrophic transport,and turbulent mixing in abyssal and hadal zones of the southern Yap Trench were studied.The spatial structures of deep water show that the abyssal water is cold,saline,and oxygen rich.The hadal water has very small changes in potential temperature and potential density,and a little decrease in salinity and obvious decrease in oxygen.The isotherm,isopycnal,and isohaline are depressed in abyss over the central trench.The turbulent mixing is enhanced in the near-bottom zone and the hadal water on the trench slope,especially at the steep slope,the dissipation rate and diffusivity is strong,which weakens the stratification.The geostrophic flows move southward in the western region of the trench and northward in the eastern region,indicating cyclonic circulation.In the central region of the trench,the water transport is^1.74 Sv southward.In the hadal zone,the northward and southward transports are balanced.Our analysis suggests that the abyssal water in the southern Yap Trench is from Lower Circumpolar Water(LCPW)and the hadal water seems to be of the isolated local water rather than LCPW.

关键词： Yap Trench abyssal and hadal the submersible Jiaolong diapycnal mixing geostrophic flows

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Towards the understanding from sea surface to hadal zone—A multidisciplinary study of the Yap Trench

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2020年第3期38卷 591-592页

作者： DING Haibing sun chengjun Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Qingdao 266237China Qingdao Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology Qingdao 266100China Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-environmental Science and Technology Marine Bioresource and Environment Research CenterFirst Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesQingdao 266061China

The water column in the open ocean can be divided into epipelagic(photic),mesopelagic,bathyal,abyssal and hadal zones by depth.In recent years,more and more research has been focusing on the marine environment below photic zone,especially the deep ocean.Oceanic trenches are considered as the deepest part of the ocean,providing ideal places for studying the physical,chemical,biological,and geological aspects of the marine environment from sea surface to the deep sea fl oor.However,limited by the high diffi culty to access and high cost in exploration,our understanding about oceanic trenches is still limited.Recently,with the development of series of manned and unmanned submersibles,we now have more opportunities to study the trench area.

关键词： ocean oceanic trench

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Lipid accumulation and CO_2 utilization of two marine oil-rich microalgal strains in response to CO_2 aeration

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2018年第2期37卷 119-126页

作者： WANG Shuai ZHENG Li HAN Xiaotian YANG Baijuan LI Jingxi sun chengjun Key Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Substances and Modern Analytical Technology the First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences

Biological CO2 sequestration by microalgae is a promising and environmentally friendly technology applied to sequester CO2. The characteristics of neutral lipid accumulation by two marine oil-rich microalgal strains,namely, Isochrysis galbana and Nannochloropsis sp., through CO2 enrichment cultivation were investigated in this study. The optimum culture conditions of the two microalgal strains are 10% CO2 and f medium. The maximum biomass productivity, total lipid content, maximum lipid productivity, carbon content, and CO2 fixation ability of the two microalgal strains were obtained. The corresponding parameters of the two strains were as follows：（（142.42±4.58） g/（m^2·d）,（149.92±1.80） g/（m^2·d））,（（39.95±0.77）%,（37.91±0.58）%）,（（84.47±1.56） g/（m^2·d）,（89.90±1.98） g/（m^2·d））,（（45.98±1.75）%,（46.88±2.01）%）, and（（33.74±1.65） g/（m^2·d）,（34.08±1.32） g/（m^2·d））. Results indicated that the two marine microalgal strains with high CO2 fixation ability are potential strains for marine biodiesel development coupled with CO2 emission reduction.

关键词： Isochrysis galbana Nannochloropsis sp. CO2 enrichment cultivation neutral lipid biodiesel open raceway pond

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Ciliate Uronema marinum is the causative agent of scuticociliatosis in farm raised turbot Scophthalmus maximus

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2019年第5期37卷 1726-1735页

作者： DU Guangxun QU Lingyun SHANG Kun sun chengjun WANG Chen GAO Ping First Institute of Oceanography Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR)Qingdao 266061China Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266237China College of Fisheries and Life Science Dalian Ocean UniversityDalian 116023China

To identify the pathogen that causes scuticociliatosis in farmed-raised turbot Scophthalmus maximus , we isolated a ciliate from the brain tissue of an infected turbot and identifi ed it as Uronema marinum based on morphological and molecular evidence. We then infected the turbots in artifi cial laboratory settings with pure cultured U . marinum . The infected turbots showed syndromes similar to those observed in naturally infected ones. Furthermore, microscopic examination and PCR detection confi rmed the presence of the ciliate in the tissues of those laboratory-infected turbots. To our best knowledge, this is the fi rst report of scuticociliatosis caused by U . marinum in farm-raised turbot S . maximus in China.

关键词： Scophthalmus maximus scuticociliatosis histopathology Uronema marinum

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Distribution characteristics of lipids in hadal sediment in the Yap Trench

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2020年第3期38卷 634-649页

作者： YAN Yixin sun chengjun HUANG Yuhuan CAO Wei JIANG Fenghua YANG Guipeng DING Haibing Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-environmental Science and Technology Marine Bioresource and Environment Research CenterFirst Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesQingdao 266061China Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Qingdao 266237China Qingdao Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology Qingdao 266100China

In this study,cored sediment samples collected by the Jiaolong Submersible at 6779 m depth from the hadal zone of the Yap Trench in May 2016 were sliced in 1-cm interval from top to bottom,and lipids in each sediment layer were quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed.The vertical distribution profiles of the lipids in the sediment sample,their main existing forms,and their possible sources were investigated.The results show that the concentration of lipid in the surface sediment was the highest with the carbon number from 12 to 27,dominated by medium and short-chain lipids.The total concentration of fatty acids in surface sediment was much higher than those in the offshore and deep-sea areas,being up to 325.77μg/g due to the funnel effect caused by the“V”terrain of the trench.Fatty acid 18:0 was the most abundant lipids in the sediment sample.Abnormal high concentrations of fatty acid 18:1ω7 and alkanes indicated the existence of hydrothermal fluids in the study area.In addition,saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids existed mainly in free form,and polyunsaturated fatty acids existed mainly in bound form.Most of the alkanes were in bound form,and their major source was autochthounous input.The carbon number of alcohols in the sediment sample ranged from 12 to 20,mainly existed in bound form.The source of fatty acids was mainly autochthonous input,and the neutral lipids had both marine and terrestrial origin.This is the first study of lipids in hadal sediment of the Yap Trench.The results will promote deeper understanding of organic carbon cycle in marine environment.

关键词： hadal zone the Yap Trench lipids fatty acids sediment

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The study of the adductor muscle-shell interface structure in three Mollusc species

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2016年第8期35卷 57-64页

作者： ZHU Yaoyao sun chengjun SONG Yingfei JIANG Fenghua YIN Xiaofei TANG Min DING Haibing Marine Ecology Center The First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Ocean University of China Laboratory of Marine Drugs and Bioproducts Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources of Ministry of Education Hainan University College of Material and Chemical Engineering Hainan University Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology of Ministry of Education Ocean University of China Qingdao Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology Ocean University of China

The adductor muscle scar（AMS） is the fixation point of adductor muscle to the shell. It is an important organicinorganic interface and stress distribution area. Despite recent advances, our understanding of the structure and composition of the AMS remain limited. Here, we report study on the AMS of three bivalves： Mytilus coruscus,Chlamys farreri and Ruditapes philippinarum. Results showed that there were significant differences among their AMS structures. Both M. coruscus and C. farreri were found to have a columnar layer above the nacreous platelet shell structure at the AMS and this layer was more organized in M. coruscus. There was no distinguishable twolayer structure in R. philippinarum. Atomic force microscopy（AFM） and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FT-IR） results showed that the AMS was much smoother than the nacreous inner shell in all the three species and the AMS had minor different compositions from the nacreous shell layer. SDS-PAGE（sodium dodecyl-sulfate polyacrylamide gel electophoresis） study of the proteins isolated from the interface indicated that there was a 70 k Da protein which seemed to be specifically located to the highly organized columnar AMS structure in Mytilus coruscus. Further analysis of this protein showed it contained high level of Asx（Asp＋Asn）, Glx（Glu＋Gln） and Gly.The special structure and composition of the AMS might play important roles in the stability, adhesion and function at this stress distribution site.

关键词： mollusc shell adductor muscle-shell interface shell protein shell microstructure

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Biomass,nutrient uptake and fatty acid composition of Chlamydomonas sp.ICE-L in response to different nitrogen sources

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2017年第2期36卷 105-110页

作者： AN Meiling WANG Yibin LIU Fangming QI Xiaoqing ZHENG Zhou YE Naihao sun chengjun MIAO Jinlai The First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic AdministrationQingdao 266061China Qingdao University Qingdao 266071China Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Qingdao 266235China Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery SciencesQingdao 266071China

Nitrogen removal from media by microalgae provides the potential benefit of producing lipids for biodiesel and biomass. However, research is limited on algal growth and biomass under different nitrogen sources and provides little insight in terms of biofuel production. We studied the influences of nitrogen sources on cell growth and lipid accumulation of Chlamydomonas sp. ICE-L, one of a promising oil rich micro algal species. Chlamydomonas sp.ICE-L grown in NH_4 Cl medium had maximum growth rate. While the highest dry biomass of 0.28 g/L was obtained in media containing NH_4NO_3, the highest lipid content of 0.21 g/g was achieved under nitrogendeficiency condition with a dry biomass of 0.24 g/L. In terms of total polyunsaturated fatty acids（PUFAs）production, NH_4NO_3 and NH_4 Cl media performed better than nitrogen-deficiency and KNO_3 media.Furthermore, NH_4NO_3 and NH_4 Cl media elucidated better results on C18：3 and C20：5 productions while KNO_3and-N conditions were better in C16：0, C18：1 and C18：2, comparatively.

关键词： Antarctic ice alga Chlamydomonas sp ICE-L nitrogen-deficiency condition nutrient uptake polyunsaturated fatty acids（PUFAs）

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Comparison of sedimentary organic carbon loading in the Yap Trench and other marine environments

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2020年第3期38卷 619-633页

作者： LI Dong ZHAO Jun LIU Chenggang sun chengjun CHEN Jianfang PAN Jianming HAN Zhengbing HU Ji Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry State Oceanic AdministrationSecond Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesHangzhou 310012China Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-environmental Science and Technology Marine Bioresource and Environment Research CenterFirst Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesQingdao 266061China

Knowledge about organic carbon loadings(ratio of sedimentary organic carbon(SOC)content to specific surface area(SSA))and the fate of organic carbon(OC)is critical to understand the marine carbon cycle.We investigated the variations in the patterns of OC loadings and the preservation capacities of sedimentary OC in the Yap Trench and other marine environments.The average OC loading in sediment cores from various marine environments decreases with increasing water depth at a rate of^0.06 mg OC/(m^2·km)(R^2=0.23,P<0.01).Distinct low OC loadings(0.09±0.04 mg OC/m^2)were observed in the Yap Trench,with the lowest values as^0.02 mg OC/m^2.A further comparative analysis indicated that OC/SSA=0.2 mg OC/m^2 is a good indicator to distinguish between oxic deep-sea regions and suboxic energetic deltaic areas.Regression analysis between OC loading and bulk carbon isotope compositions indicates that marine OC(δ13C^-20.4‰to-18.6‰)dominates the lost OC within the Yap Trench and does not differ from that of the abyssal zone.In contrast,terrestrial OC withδ13C values of approximately-27.4‰to-20.5‰was the major source of remineralized OC in the sublittoral zone.The ratios of OC loadings in the bottom layer relative to those in the top layers of sediment cores indicate that the preservation capacities of hadal trenches are much lower than those of other environments,and only approximately 30%of the SOC deposited in hadal trenches is finally buried.The value is equivalent to 0.066%of the primary production-derived OC and much lower than the global ocean average(~0.3%).Overall,the hadal zone exhibits the lowest OC loading and preservation capacity of SOC of the different marine environments investigated,despite the occurrence of a notable funneling effect.

关键词： Yap Trench hadal zone organic carbon loading specifi csurface area preservation capacity

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Vertical variations of dissolved carbohydrates in the North Yap Trench

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2020年第3期38卷 606-618页

作者： GUO Chaonan sun chengjun YANG Guipeng ZHANG Honghai CHEN Yan YIN Xiaofei JIANG Fenghua HUANG Yuhuan NIU Jiaohong DING Haibing Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology Ministry of Education Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-environmental Science and Technology Marine Bioresource and Environment Research CenterFirst Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesQingdao 266061China College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Laboratory Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266237China Qingdao Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology Qingdao 266100China

The concentrations of dissolved monosaccharides(MCHO),polysaccharides(PCHO),and total carbohydrates(TCHO)in the seawater samples collected from the north of the Yap Trench in the western Pacific Ocean were measured by 2,4,6-tripyridine-s-triazine(TPTZ)spectrophotometry method.The results show that the concentrations of MCHO,PCHO,and TCHO ranged from 4.6 to 22.1μmol C/L,3.5 to 27.3μmol C/L,and 13.8 to 36.3μmol C/L,respectively.In different sampling stations,the concentrations of MCHO,PCHO,and TCHO with water depth showed complex variation patterns.In the study area,the maximum concentrations of MCHO,PCHO,and TCHO occurred in the euphotic layer and the minimum concentrations occurred in mesopelagic seawater layer.Generally,the concentrations of MCHO,PCHO,and TCHO decreased with water depth from the euphotic layer to the hadal zone.The average value of PCHO/TCHO was higher than the average value of MCHO/TCHO,indicating that PCHO was the main component of TCHO in north of the Yap Trench.

关键词： Yap Trench abyss hadal zone monosaccharide polysaccharide

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