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Key geological factors governing sweet spots in the Wufeng-Longmaxi shales of the Sichuan Basin,China

Energy Geoscience 2024年第3期5卷 163-174页

作者： Zongquan Hu Zengqin Liu Wei Du Zhenrui Bai Ruyue Wang chuanxiang sun Dongjun Feng State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development SINOPECBeijing102206China Key Laboratory of Shale Oil/Gas Exploration and Production Technology SINOPECBeijing102206China Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute SINOPECBeijing102206China

Production performance of the Wufeng-Longmaxi shales varies significantly among Fuling,Weirong,and Wulong fields in the Sichuan *** organic carbon(TOC)content,mineralogy,and organic matter(OM)pore characteristics are investigated to identify key factors governing sweet *** shales with good preservation conditions in the Fuling Field exhibit large thickness,high TOC content and thin-section porosity(TSP),and well-developed OM macropores,thus high initial production and estimated ultimate recovery(EUR).Thin carbonate-containing siliceous shales with good preservation conditions in the Weirong Field feature medium-to-high TOC and well-developed OM macropores but low TSP,leading to high initial production but low *** shales with poor preservation conditions in the Wulong Field are characterized by large thickness,high TOC,low TSP and poorly-developed OM macropores,causing low initial production and *** sedimentary and preservation conditions are intrinsic decisive factors of sweet spots,as they control the mineral composition,TOC,and OM macropore ***-water shales in transgressive systems tracts(TSTs)exhibit better-developed OM macropores and greater TOC compared to highstand systems tracts(HSTs).OM macropores are most prevalent in siliceous shales,followed by carbonate-containing siliceous shales and then argillaceous ***,good preservation conditions are conducive to retain OM macropores with low pore aspect ratio(PAR).Comparison among the three fields shows that high-TOC silicious shales with good preservation conditions are the highest in TSP and ***,organic richness,lithofacies,and preservation conditions are the major factors which determine OM pore development,governing the sweet spots of the Wufeng-Longmaxi shales.

关键词： Shale gas Organic matter pores Sweet spot Wufeng-Longmaxi shales Sichuan basin

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等距离线在国际海洋划界方法论中的地位变迁、原因及启示

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浙江海洋大学学报（人文科学版） 2024年第3期41卷 8-15页

作者：孙杰孙传香湖南工商大学法学院湖南长沙410205 浙江师范大学法学院浙江金华321004

《大陆架公约》第6条规定的“等距离/特殊情况规则”与2009年黑海划界案正式确立的三阶段划界方法均将等距离线置于其重要地位。尽管国际法院与其他裁判机构否认适用等距离线方法的强制性,但等距离线方法在国际司法实践中的运用却渐趋... 详细信息

《大陆架公约》第6条规定的“等距离/特殊情况规则”与2009年黑海划界案正式确立的三阶段划界方法均将等距离线置于其重要地位。尽管国际法院与其他裁判机构否认适用等距离线方法的强制性,但等距离线方法在国际司法实践中的运用却渐趋广泛。经审视后发现,可预测性和操作方便性是等距离线方法在司法实践中得以广泛运用的主要原因,保持个案之间的一致性和连续性也是裁判机构选择该划界方法的重要理由。基于此,因存在领土主权争议或海岸线长度占优势以及当事国大陆架不共架而反对适用等距离线方法的国家,需对将相关争端提交司法程序或仲裁程序的解决方式持审慎态度。

关键词：等距离线海洋划界特殊情况方法论

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论海相页岩气富集机理——以四川盆地五峰组—龙马溪组为例

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地质学报 2024年第3期98卷 975-991页

作者：聂海宽张金川金之钧刘全有李双建党伟李沛边瑞康孙川翔张珂苏海琨页岩油气富集机理与高效开发全国重点实验室北京102206 中国石化页岩油气勘探开发重点实验室北京102206 中国石油化工股份有限公司石油勘探开发研究院北京102206 中国地质大学(北京)能源学院北京100083 北京大学能源研究院北京100871 西安石油大学地球科学与工程学院陕西西安710065

深入探究页岩气富集机理是保障勘探开发高效推进的基础。本研究通过对四川盆地五峰组—龙马溪组页岩气勘探开发实践的系统分析,梳理总结前人研究成果,从生成机理、运移机理、赋存机理和保存机理四个方面对海相页岩气富集机理进行了深入... 详细信息

深入探究页岩气富集机理是保障勘探开发高效推进的基础。本研究通过对四川盆地五峰组—龙马溪组页岩气勘探开发实践的系统分析,梳理总结前人研究成果,从生成机理、运移机理、赋存机理和保存机理四个方面对海相页岩气富集机理进行了深入分析,并讨论了深层和常压页岩气的勘探开发潜力。结果表明:在生成机理方面,埋藏史和热演化史控制了页岩生排烃史、生排烃量和现今含气量;页岩气运移机理涉及运移动力、运移相态、运移方式和运移通道四方面内容,页岩气运移主要是烃源岩内的初次运移,同时讨论了初次运移的影响因素;在赋存机理方面,甲烷—页岩间表现出单/多分子层吸附和微孔充填等多种赋存机制,组分润湿性和孔隙有效性是决定甲烷吸附赋存和解吸运移的关键;在保存机理方面,盖层和物性自封闭是主要的保存机理,构造运动引起的裂缝—流体活动是页岩气保存条件遭到破坏的主要原因,流体活动时间和期次研究是页岩气保存条件和含气量定量评价的重要内容。页岩气富集机理的系统分析和创新认识为页岩气勘探开发评价提供了重要依据,建议加强页岩气演化历史全过程的动态评价。结合深层和常压页岩气勘探实践,分析了深层和常压页岩气的成因机制及主要特征,指出了下一步攻关内容及勘探方向。

关键词：页岩气五峰组龙马溪组富集机理差异富集勘探潜力四川盆地

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Carbon isotope evidence for shale gas preservation conditions and large methane release over million years:A case study of shale gas reservoirs of Wufeng and Longmaxi Formations in the Sichuan Basin

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第6期14卷 133-141页

作者： Haikuan Nie chuanxiang sun Pei Li Zhijun Jin Quanyou Liu Hanyong Bao Baojian Shen Wei Dang State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development Beijing 102206China Sinopec Key Laboratory of Shale Oil/Gas Exploration&Production Beijing 102206China Sinopec Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute Beijing 102206China Institute of Energy Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Research Institute of Exploration and Development Jianghan Oilfield CompanySINOPECWuhan 430223China School of Earth Sciences and Engineering Xi’an Shiyou UniversityXi’an 710065China

Although carbon isotope reversal and its reasons in shale gas reservoirs have been widely recognized,the application of the reversal is yet to be investigated.A study on high-maturity shale from Wufeng and Longmaxi Formations in the Sichuan Basin not only reveals the relationship between the degree of isotopes inversion and the production capacity(e.g.,estimated ultimate recovery(EUR))of the gas well but also indicates the preservation conditions of shale gas reservoirs.(1)Although there are differences in gas isotopes in different shale gas reservoirs,the isotope fractionation of shale gas is small during the production stage of gas wells,even when the wellbore pressure drops to *** main cause of the difference in carbon isotopes and their inversion degree can be the uplift time during the Yanshan period and the formation pressure relief degree of shale gas reservoirs in distinct structural ***,carbon isotope inversion is a good indicator of shale gas preservation condition and EUR of shale gas wells.(2)The degree of carbon isotope inversion correlates strongly with shale gas content and *** calculation formula of shale-gas recoverable reserves was established using△δ^(13)C(δC_(1)-δC_(2))and EUR.(3)The gas loss rate and total loss amount can be estimated using the dynamic reserves and isotopic difference values of gas wells in various shale gas fields,which also reflects the current methane loss,thereby demonstrating great potential for evaluating global methane loss in shales.

关键词： Shale gas Carbon isotope reversal Preservation conditions of shale gas reservoir Methane loss Estimated ultimate recovery

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Enrichment mechanism and resource potential of shale-type helium:A case study of Wufeng Formation-Longmaxi Formation in Sichuan Basin

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Science China Earth Sciences 2023年第6期66卷 1279-1288页

作者： Haikuan NIE Quanyou LIU Wei DANG Pei LI Haikun SU Hanyong BAO Liang XIONG Zhujiang LIU chuanxiang sun Peixian ZHANG State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Efficient Development Beijing 102206China Sinopec Key Laboratory of Shale Oil/Gas Exploration and Production Technology Beijing 102206China Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute SINOPECBeijing 102206China Institute of Energy Research Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China School of Earth Sciences and Engineering Xi’an Shiyou UniversityXi’an 710065China School of Energy Resources China University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing 100083China Research Institute of Exploration and Development Jianghan Oilfield CompanySINOPECWuhan 430223China Research Institute of Exploration and Development Southwest Oil&Gas CompanySINOPECChengdu 610041China Sinopec Exploration Company Chengdu 610041China Research Institute of Exploration and Development East China Petroleum&Gas BranchSINOPECNanjing 210019China

China’s helium resource is highly dependent on overseas ***-rich and U/Th-rich shale reservoirs generally contain helium,and although the helium content is low,the total reserve is ***,the effective development and utilisation of shale-type helium resources is a realistic way to improve the security of helium resources in *** this study,the generation mechanism,helium source and content,migration modes and pathways,controlling factors of enrichment,distribution pattern,and resource potential of the helium were analysed,using the Wufeng-Longmaxi shale in the Sichuan Basin and its ***,countermeasures were proposed for shale-type helium exploration and *** results show that the Wufeng-Longmaxi shale has a high content of U and Th and a good ability to generate *** helium is generated by a typical crustal source of helium and is characterised by self-generation,self-storage,and wide *** helium resource potential is a product of its content and the resources of the associated natural *** continuous supply of helium and effective preservation are the main geological factors that control the enrichment of shale-type *** preliminary evaluation results show that the reserves of helium in proven shale gas reserves are 10.8×10^(8)m^(3)in the Sichuan Basin and its periphery,where the extra-large helium fields are likely to be ***,0.0912×10^(8)m^(3)of helium was produced,along with the annual production of shale *** avoid the waste of helium and to improve the self-supply ability,it is suggested that research on the resource potential,enrichment mechanism,and distribution pattern of shale-type helium should be carried out as soon as possible,and helium extraction techniques for helium-bearing natural gas should be studied.

关键词： Shale Helium content Enrichment mechanism Resource potential Sichuan Basin

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Porosity, permeability and rock mechanics of Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation deep shale under temperature-pressure coupling in the Sichuan Basin, SW China

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Petroleum Exploration and Development 2023年第1期50卷 85-98页

作者： sun chuanxiang NIE Haikuan SU Haikun DU Wei LU Ting CHEN Yalin LIU Mi LI Jingchang State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development Beijing 102206China Sinopec Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute Beijing 102206China Sinopec Key Laboratory of Shale Oil/Gas Exploration&Production Beijing 102206China School of Energy Resources China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development Sinopec Jianghan Oilfield CompanyWuhan 430223China

To investigate the porosity, permeability and rock mechanics of deep shale under temperature-pressure coupling, we selected the core samples of deep shale from the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in the Weirong and Yongchuan areas of the Sichuan Basin for porosity and permeability experiments and a triaxial compression and sound wave integration experiment at the maximum temperature and pressure of 120 ℃ and 70 MPa. The results show that the microscopic porosity and permeability change and the macroscopic rock deformation are mutually constrained, both showing the trend of steep and then gentle variation. At the maximum temperature and pressure, the porosity reduces by 34%–71%, and the permeability decreases by 85%–97%. With the rising temperature and pressure, deep shale undergoes plastic deformation in which organic pores and clay mineral pores are compressed and microfractures are closed, and elastic deformation in which brittle mineral pores and rock skeleton particles are compacted. Compared with previous experiments under high confining pressure and normal temperature,the experiment under high temperature and high pressure coupling reveals the effect of high temperature on stress sensitivity of porosity and permeability. High temperature can increase the plasticity of the rock, intensify the compression of pores due to high confining pressure, and induce thermal stress between the rock skeleton particles, allowing the reopening of shale bedding or the creation of new fractures along weak planes such as bedding, which inhibits the decrease of permeability with the increase of temperature and confining pressure. Compared with the triaxial mechanical experiment at normal temperature, the triaxial compression experiment at high temperature and high pressure demonstrates that the compressive strength and peak strain of deep shale increase significantly due to the coupling of temperature and pressure. The compressive strength is up to 435 MPa and the peak strain e

关键词： Sichuan Basin Longmaxi Formation deep shale gas porosity permeability rock mechanics high temperature and high pressure triaxial compression

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Enrichment characteristics and exploration directions of deep shale gas of Ordovician-Silurian in the Sichuan Basin and its surrounding areas,China

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Petroleum Exploration and Development 2022年第4期49卷 744-757页

作者： NIE Haikuan LI Pei DANG Wei DING Jianghui sun chuanxiang LIU Mi WANG Jin DU Wei ZHANG Peixian LI Donghui SU Haikun State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development Beijing 102206China Sinopec Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute Beijing 102206China School of Earth Sciences and Engineering Xi’an Shiyou UniversityXi’an 710300 CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited Beijing 102206China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development Sinopec Jianghan Oilfield CompanyWuhan 430223China Sinopec East China Company Nanjing 210019China School of Energy Resources China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China

The enrichment characteristics of deep shale gas in the Ordovician Wufeng-Silurian Longmaxi formations in the Sichuan Basin and its surrounding areas are investigated through experiments under high temperature and high pressure,including petrophysical properties analyses,triaxial stress test and isothermal adsorption of methane experiment.(1)The deep shale reservoirs drop significantly in porosity and permeability compared with shallower shale reservoirs,and contain mainly free gas.(2)With higher deviatoric stress and axial strain,the deep shale reservoirs have higher difficulty fracturing.(3)Affected by structural location and morphology,fracture characteristics,geofluid activity stages and intensity,deep shale gas reservoirs have more complicated preservation conditions.(4)To achieve the commercial development of deep shale gas reservoirs,deepening geological understanding is the basis,and exploring reservoir simulation technology befitting the geological features is the key.(5)The siliceous shale and limestone-bearing siliceous shale in the Metabolograptus persculptus-Parakidograptus acuminatus zones(LM1-LM3 graptolite zones)are the high-production intervals for deep shale gas and the most favorable landing targets for horizontal *** water areas such as Jiaoshiba,Wulong,Luzhou and Changning with deep shale reservoirs over 10 m thickness are the most favorable areas for deep shale gas *** is recommended to carry out exploration and development practice in deep-water shale gas areas deposited deep with burial depth no more than 5000 m where the geological structure is simple and the shale thickness in the LM1-LM3 graptolite zone is greater than 10 *** is better to increase the lateral length of horizontal wells,and apply techniques including high intensity of perforations,large volume of proppant,far-field and near-wellbore diversions to maximize the stimulated deep reservoir volume.

关键词： deep shale gas enrichment conditions reservoir characteristics exploration direction Ordovician Wufeng Formation Silurian Longmaxi Formation Sichuan Basin

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中国页岩气研究与发展20年:回顾与展望

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天然气工业 2024年第3期44卷 20-52页

作者：聂海宽党伟张珂苏海琨丁江辉李东晖刘喜武李沛李鹏杨升宇赵建华刘秘陈前孙川翔王鹏威刘子驿页岩油气富集机理与高效开发全国重点实验室中国石化页岩油气勘探开发重点实验室中国石油化工股份有限公司石油勘探开发研究院西安石油大学地球科学与工程学院中国地质大学(北京)能源学院中国石油国家卓越工程师学院中国石油大学(华东)

中国页岩气科学研究和勘探开发已历经20年,创新形成了以中国南方海相页岩气富集规律为代表的诸多理论与认识,支撑了国内页岩气产业健康快速发展,2023年中国页岩气产量达250×10^(8) m^(3),在当年全国天然气总产量中的占比超过10%,页岩... 详细信息

中国页岩气科学研究和勘探开发已历经20年,创新形成了以中国南方海相页岩气富集规律为代表的诸多理论与认识,支撑了国内页岩气产业健康快速发展,2023年中国页岩气产量达250×10^(8) m^(3),在当年全国天然气总产量中的占比超过10%,页岩气已经成为中国天然气产量增量的主力军之一。为了给中国页岩气产业高质量发展提供借鉴和参考,系统回顾了国内页岩气科学研究和勘探开发历程,归纳总结了富有机质页岩发育机理、页岩气优质储层特征及其成因机制、页岩气源—储协同演化机制、页岩气赋存机理与含气性评价、页岩气富集高产机理与评价、页岩气储层改造、页岩气开采等理论和技术进展,分析研判了面临的技术难题和挑战,指出了海相/陆相/海陆过渡相页岩气富集高产机理、基于动态演化过程的页岩气富集区评价方法、低丰度页岩气高效开发技术以及提高页岩气采收率技术等4个亟需攻关的研究方向。进而针对中国页岩气商业化勘探开发所面临的挑战,提出以下建议:从新区新领域、老区挖潜及提高采收率现场试验等方面开展页岩气勘探开发攻关探索,以期早日实现中国页岩气多领域多层系、由点到面的大突破和大规模高效勘探开发,全方位推进中国页岩气革命,提升能源高效供给能力,保障国家能源供应安全。

关键词：页岩气富集机理赋存机理储层特征储层改造高产机理提高采收率勘探方向

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基于环境污染型企业的中国城市网络空间结构研究

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地理研究 2022年第9期41卷 2516-2530页

作者：张旭孙传祥武汉理工大学资源与环境工程学院武汉430070

城市网络的环境效应是当前城市网络研究中相对较被忽视的研究议题。通过对2001年和2020年环境污染型上市企业数据的收集和分析,揭示基于环境污染型企业的中国城市网络总体演化格局,在此基础上进一步探索城市之间通过污染型机构-非污染... 详细信息

城市网络的环境效应是当前城市网络研究中相对较被忽视的研究议题。通过对2001年和2020年环境污染型上市企业数据的收集和分析,揭示基于环境污染型企业的中国城市网络总体演化格局,在此基础上进一步探索城市之间通过污染型机构-非污染型机构联系而产生的污染转移网络空间特征。结果表明:①基于环境污染型企业的中国城市网络总体呈现出从东部发达地区向中西部欠发达地区不断扩张的趋势,网络分层结构日趋明显,不同层级城市网络在地理空间上表现出一定的异质性。②环境污染型企业城市网络具有典型的“核心-边缘”结构,高位序节点城市数量相对稳定,中低位序节点城市数量增长较快,各城市组团分布呈现出日益明显的地域性集聚特征。③企业污染转移网络同样呈现出不断扩张的态势和日益明显的层级结构,跨省转移成为城市网络污染转移的主导模式,行政边界效应并不明显。④城市网络污染转移空间指向性明显,主要表现为沿海发达城市向内地工业型城市、区域中心城市向周边城市以及同类资源型城市之间的空间转移,反映出城市经济制度差异等因素对城市网络环境污染转移的影响。研究结果对于环境污染型企业的空间治理提供了重要的启示。

关键词：污染型企业城市网络空间结构污染转移环境效应

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论单方开发行为在国际司法程序中的法律效果

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法律科学（西北政法大学学报） 2019年第2期37卷 193-200页

作者：孙传香湖南人文科技学院法学院湖南娄底417000

由于按照《联合国海洋法公约》相关规定作出"实际性临时安排"存在诸多困难,国际社会在争议海域存在大量单方开发行为。通过实证分析发现,从1978年国际法院审理的爱琴海大陆架案到2017年国际海洋法法庭审理的科特迪瓦诉加纳案,对于主权... 详细信息

由于按照《联合国海洋法公约》相关规定作出"实际性临时安排"存在诸多困难,国际社会在争议海域存在大量单方开发行为。通过实证分析发现,从1978年国际法院审理的爱琴海大陆架案到2017年国际海洋法法庭审理的科特迪瓦诉加纳案,对于主权国家的单方开发行为,包括单方勘探和单方实施油气资源开发等行为,国际司法机构在审理过程中并没有给予否定性的评价,没有要求相关当事方停止或取缔已经实施的单方开发活动。在个别案件中,国际司法机构甚至给予单方开发行为以积极评价,认为相关国家的单方开发行为在未来划界中可能产生积极效果。

关键词：争议海域单方开发行为联合国海洋法公约临时措施

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