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Aseismic smart building isolation systems under multi-level earthquake excitations： Part II, energy-dissipation and damage reduction

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2015年第3期9卷 297-306页

作者： Min-Ho CHEY J. Geoffrey CHASE John B. MANDER Athol J. carr School of Architecture & Civil Engineering Keimyung University Daegu 42601 Korea Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Canterbury Christchurch 8140 New Zealand Zachry Department of Civil Engineering Texas A&M University Texas 77843 USA Department of Civil & Natural Resources Engineering University of Canterbury Christchurch 8140 New Zealand

Based on the performance results of the previously suggested smart building isolation systems （lst companion paper）, this following study verifies the control effects of the systems from the view point of energy dissipation and damage level metrics. Several different model cases of the strategically isolated multi-story building structures utilizing passive dampers and semi-active resettable devices are analyzed and the energy-based target indices are compared. Performance comparisons are conducted on statistically calculated story/structural hysteretic energy and story/structural damage demands over realistic suites of earthquake ground motion records, representing seismic excitations of specific return period probability. Again, the semi-active solutions show significant promise for applications ofresettable device, offering advantages over passive systems in the consistent damage reductions. The specific results of this study include the identification of differences in the mechanisms by which smart building isolation systems remove energy, based on the differences in the devices used. Less variability is also seen for the semi-active isolation systems, indicating an increased robustness.

关键词： smart building isolation story and structural energy-dissipation damage assessment

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Experimental models of metabolic and alcoholic fatty liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第1期27卷 1-18页

作者： Delfin Gerard Buyco Jasmin Martin Sookyoung Jeon Royce Hooks Chelsea Lin Rotonya carr Division of Gastroenterology University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104United States

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is a multi-systemic disease that is considered the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome(MetS).Because alcohol consumption in NAFLD patients is common,there is a significant overlap in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and alcoholic liver disease(ALD).Indeed,MetS also significantly contributes to liver injury in ALD ***“syndrome of metabolic and alcoholic steatohepatitis”(SMASH)is thus expected to be a more prevalent presentation in liver patients,as the obesity epidemic *** pre-clinical experimental models that couple alcohol consumption with NAFLDinducing diet or genetic obesity have been developed to better understand the pathogenic mechanisms of *** models indicate that concomitant MetS and alcohol contribute to lipid dysregulation,oxidative stress,and the induction of innate immune *** are significant limitations in the applicability of these models to human disease,such as the ability to induce advanced liver injury or replicate patterns in human food/alcohol ***,there remains a need to develop models that accurately replicate patterns of obesogenic diet and alcohol consumption in SMASH patients.

关键词： Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Alcoholic liver disease Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Animal models Insulin resistance Oxidative stress

Solar wind transport into magnetosphere caused by magnetic reconnection at high latitude magnetopause during northward IMF: Cluster-DSP conjunction observations

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2008年第10期51卷 1677-1684页

作者： M. DUNLOP E. LUCEK H. RME C. M. carr Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Didcot United Kingdom Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine London United Kingdom CESR BP4346 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4 France

An event of Cluster-Double Star conjunction observations of magnetic reconnec-tion at high latitude magnetopause nightside of both cusps and solar wind trans-port into magnetosphere caused by such reconnection process has been investi-gated. During northward IMF, Cluster/SC1 observed accelerated flows and ion heating associated with magnetic reconnection at high latitude magnetopause nightside of southern cusp. And Double Star observed cold dense solar wind plasma transported into dayside magnetosphere. The analysis on such conjunction observations shows that: (1) during northward IMF, magnetic reconnection occurs at high latitude nightside of southern cusp, accompanied by accelerated flows that are observed by Cluster/SC1; (2) the direction of the accelerated flows, with its sunward component Vx, dawnward component Vy, northward component Vz, is quite consistent with the theoretical anticipation under the condition of northward IMF with dawnward component By; (3) reconnection can heat plasma more in par-allel direction than in perpendicular direction, to a level of about 4 keV; (4) with reconnection taking place at high latitude magnetopause nightside of the southern cusp, TC-1 observed cold and dense plasma transported into magnetosphere; (5) by reconnection at high latitude magnetopause nightside of both cusps, solar wind flux tube can be captured by magnetosphere and pulled into dayside magneto-sphere. This event presents further observational evidence for magnetic reconnec-tion at high latitude magnetopause nightside of both cusps as an important mech-anism of sol-ar w-ind transport into magnetosphere.

关键词： transport process magnetic reconnection solar wind-magnetosphere interactions

Discordance among aggressiveness characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma:Portal vein thrombosis and multifocality,related to tumor size,but not to serum alpha-fetoprotein level

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Liver Research 2023年第3期7卷 256-262页

作者： Brian I.carr Vito Guerra Volkan Ince Burak Isik Sezai Yilmaz Liver Transplant Institute Inonu University Faculty of MedicineMalatyaTurkey National Institute of Gastroenterology S.de Bellis Research HospitalBariItaly Department of Surgery Inonu University Faculty of MedicineMalatyaTurkey

Background and aims:Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is characterized by several clinically important prognostic parameters,including portal vein thrombosis(PVT),tumor multifocality,and serum alphafetoprotein(AFP)levels,in addition to maximum tumor diameter(MTD).However,associations among these parameters have not been thoroughly ***,the study aimed to investigate the correlations among these HCC characteristics in a prospectively collected ***:An 8080 HCC patient database derived from our weekly HCC council meeting was examined with respect to the correlations at baseline patient presentation between increases in MTD and changes in the percentage of patients with PVT,multifocality,or AFP ***:The percentage of patients with PVT and with multifocality(tumor nodule numbers≥3)significantly increased with enlarging MTD,regardless of the serum AFP level,showing the independence of PVT and multifocality on *** percentage of patients with multifocality increased with enlarging MTD,in the presence or absence of PVT,showing the independence of multifocality from ***,discordance was found between different tumor ***:A statistically significant association was found between PVT and MTD and between multifocality and MTD,all three of which are independent of *** and multifocality appeared to be independent of each *** PVT and multifocality were independent of AFP,they were also augmented with high serum AFP *** results suggest the possibility of multiple pathways of tumor progression in the later stages of HCC development.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) Portal vein thrombosis(PVT) Multifocality Alpha-fetoprotein(AFP) Heterogeneity

Neutralization of excessive levels of active TGF-β1 reduces MSC recruitment and differentiation to mitigate peritendinous adhesion

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Bone Research 2023年第2期11卷 368-383页

作者： Yu Sheng Li Xiao Wang Bo Hu Qi Sun Mei Wan Andrew carr Shen Liu Xu Cao Department of Orthopedic Surgery The Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21205USA Nuffield Department of Orthopedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal SciencesBotnar Research CentreUniversity of OxfordWindmill RoadOxford OX 37 LDUK

PPeritendinous adhesion formation(PAF)can substantially limit the range of motion of ***,the origin of myofibroblasts in PAF tissues is still *** this study,we found that the concentration of active TGF-β1 and the numbers of macrophages,mesenchymal stromal cells(MSCs),and myofibroblasts in human and mouse adhesion tissues were ***,knockout of TGF-β1 in macrophages or TGF-β1R2 in MSCs inhibited PAF by reducing MSC and myofibroblast infiltration and collagenⅠandⅢdeposition,***,we found that MSCs differentiated into myofibroblasts to form adhesion *** injection of the TGF-β–neutralizing antibody 1D11 during the granulation formation stage of PAF significantly reduced the infiltration of MSCs and myofibroblasts and,subsequently,*** results suggest that macrophage-derived TGF-β1 recruits MSCs to form myofibroblasts in peritendinous *** improved understanding of PAF mechanisms could help identify a potential therapeutic strategy.

关键词： inhibited injection MSC

Biceps Brachii Muscle Length Affects Force Steadiness with and Without Fatigue

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2021年第4期3卷 364-373页

作者： Joshua C.carr Xin Ye Hayden M.Tharp Department of Kinesiology Texas Christian UniversityForth WorthTX 76129USA Department of Rehabilitation Sciences University of HartfordWest HartfordCTUSA Department of Health and Exercise Science University of OklahomaNormanOKUSA

Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of muscle length and fatigue on maximal force,submaximal force steadiness,and electromyographic(EMG)activity of the biceps *** Force and EMG responses were measured before and after a fatigue protocol consisting of maximal intermit-tent contractions of the elbow flexors until task failure(n=20).The protocol was performed on two separate occasions in a randomized *** one visit,the elbow joint was at 90°(EF90)and for the other,it was extended to 120°(EF120).Results The results show a large effect size for greater force loss following fatigue at long muscle length(P=0.067,n^(2)_(p)=0.166).The fatigue-based decreases in force steadiness were not different between muscle lengths(P=0.502,n^(2)_(p)=0.024).Force steadiness was lower at long muscle length before and after fatigue(P<0.01,d=0.691).Following fatigue,muscle excitation decreased and increased during maximal and submaximal force tasks,respectively,yet there were no length-dependent EMG *** The novel findings show fatigue at long muscle length likely affects force loss to a greater degree than fatigue-based decreases in force *** data show lower elbow flexion force steadiness when the biceps brachii is in a lengthened position.

关键词： Neuromuscular fatigue EMG Elbow flexors Force control

Associated mortality risk of atypical antipsychotic medication in individuals with dementia

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2022年第2期12卷 298-307页

作者： Peter Phiri Tomas Engelthaler Hannah carr Gayathri Delanerolle Clive Holmes Shanaya Rathod Research&Innovation Department Southern Health NHS Foundation TrustSouthampton SO303JBUnited Kingdom Primary Care Population Sciences and Medical EducationFaculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthampton SO165STUnited Kingdom Oxford Centre for Innovation Akrivia HealthOxford OX1 BYUnited Kingdom Department of Psychology University of SouthamptonSouthampton SO165STUnited Kingdom Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences University of OxfordOxford OX26GGUnited Kingdom Clinical and Experimental Sciences University of SouthamptonSouthampton SO165STUnited Kingdom Research&Innovation Department Memory Assessment&Research CentreSouthern Health NHS Foundation TrustSouthampton SO303JBUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Antipsychotic medications such as risperidone,olanzapine and aripiprazole are used to treat psychological and behavioural symptoms among dementia *** evidence indicate prescription rates for antipsychotics vary and wider consensus to evaluate clinical epidemiological outcomes is *** To investigate the potential impact of atypical antipsychotics on the mortality of patients with *** A retrospective clinical cohort study was developed to review United Kingdom Clinical Record Interactive Search system based data between January 1,2013 to December 31,2017.A descriptive statistical method was used to analyse the *** Mental State Examination(MMSE)scores were used to assess the severity and stage of disease progression.A cox proportional hazards model was developed to evaluate the relationship between survival following diagnosis and other *** A total of 1692 patients were identified using natural language processing of which,587 were prescribed olanzapine,quetiapine or risperidone(common group)whilst 893(control group)were not prescribed any *** prescribed olanzapine showed an increased risk of death[hazard ratio(HR)=1.32;95%confidence interval(CI):1.08-1.60;P<0.01],as did those with risperidone(HR=1.35;95%CI:1.18-1.54;P<0.001).Patients prescribed quetiapine showed no significant association(HR=1.09;95%CI:0.90-1.34;P=0.38).Factors associated with a lower risk of death were:High MMSE score at diagnosis(HR=0.72;95%CI:0.62-0.83;P<0.001),identifying as female(HR=0.73;95%CI:0.64-0.82;P<0.001),and being of a White-British ethnic group(HR=0.82;95%CI:0.72-0.94;P<0.01).CONCLUSION A significant mortality risk was identified among those prescribed olanzapine and risperidone which contradicts previous findings although the study designs used were *** research should be conducted to better assess clinical epidemiological outcomes associated with diagnosis and therapies to improve c

关键词： Dementia Antipsychotics Mortality Vascular Alzheimer’s disease Frontotemporal dementia Lewy bodies Parkinson’s and mixed

Murine model of acute myocarditis and cerebral cortical neuron edema induced by coxsackievirus B4

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Zoological Research 2018年第1期39卷 52-57页

作者： zhao-peng dong qian wang zhen-jie zhang michael j.carr dong li wei-feng shi key laboratory of etiology and epidemiology of emerging infectious diseases in universities of shandong taishan medical universityTaian Shandong 271000China shanghai jinshan center for disease control and prevention Shanghai 201599China school of public health taishan medical universityTaian Shandong 271016China global station for zoonosis control global institution for collaborative research and education(gi-core)hokkaido universitySapporo 060-8589Japan national virus reference laboratory school of medicineuniversity college dublinDublin 4Ireland

Globally, coxsackievirus B4 （CV-B4） has been continuously isolated and evidence suggests an association with the development of pancreatitis and type I diabetes. In addition, CV-B4 is also associated with myocarditis and severe central nervous system （CNS） complications, which remain poorly studied and understood. In the present study, we established an institute for Cancer Research （ICR） mouse model of CV-B4 infection and examined whether CV-B4 infection resulted in a predisposition to myocarditis and CNS infection. We found high survival in both the treatment and control group, with no significant differences in clinical outcomes observed. However, pathological lesions were evident in both brain and heart tissue of the CV-B4-infected mice. in addition, high viral loads were found in the neural and cardiac tissues as early as 2 days post infection. Expressions of IFN-y and IL-6 in sera were significantly higher in CV-B4-infected mice compared to uninfected negative controls, suggesting the involvement of these cytokines in the development of histopathological lesions. Our murine model successfully reproduced the acute myocarditis and cerebral cortical neuron edema induced by CV-B4, and may be useful for the evaluation of vaccine candidates and potential antivirals against CV-B4 infection.

关键词： Coxsackievirus B4 Myocarditis CNS Edema Neurons

Non-coding regions of the Ebola virus genome contain indispensable phylogenetic and evolutionary information

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2015年第7期58卷 682-686页

作者： JIANG XinQuan ZHANG ZhenJie ZHUANG DongMing carr Michael J. ZHANG RuiLing LV Qiang SHI WeiFeng School of Public Health Taishan Medical College Institute of Pathogen Biology Taishan Medical College National Virus Reference Laboratory University College Dublin

We compared the numbers of nucleotide substitutions occurring in the non-coding regions and coding regions of Ebola virus genomes and found that non-coding regions contain indispensable phylogenetic and evolutionary information. The omission of genetic data from non-coding regions can lead to unreliable phylogenies and inaccurate estimates of evolutionary parameters.

关键词： EBOV Ebola non-coding region phylogenetic analysis evolutionary information