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Insights into myelin dysfunction in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

World Journal of Psychiatry 2022年第2期12卷 264-285页

作者： Marcela valdés-Tovar Alejandra Monserrat Rodríguez-Ramírez Leslye Rodríguez-Cárdenas Carlo E Sotelo-Ramírez Beatriz Camarena Marco Antonio Sanabrais-Jiménez Héctor Solís-Chagoyán Jesús Argueta Germán Octavio López-Riquelme Departamento de Farmacogenética Subdirección de Investigaciones ClínicasInstituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente MuñizMexico City 14370Mexico Departamento de Farmacogenética Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente MuñizMexico City 14370Mexico Doctorado en Biología Experimental Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-IztapalapaMexico City 09340Mexico Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente MuñizMexico City 14370Mexico Laboratorio de Socioneurobiología Centro de Investigación en Ciencias CognitivasUniversidad del Estado de MorelosCuernavaca 62209MorelosMexico

Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are disabling psychiatric disorders with a worldwide prevalence of approximately 1%.Both disorders present chronic and deteriorating prognoses that impose a large burden,not only on patients but also on society and health *** mental illnesses share several clinical and neurobiological traits;of these traits,oligodendroglial dysfunction and alterations to white matter(WM)tracts could underlie the disconnection between brain regions related to their symptomatic *** is mainly composed of heavily myelinated axons and glial *** internodes are discrete axon-wrapping membrane sheaths formed by oligodendrocyte *** ensheathment allows fast and efficient conduction of nerve impulses through the nodes of Ranvier,improving the overall function of neuronal *** and precisely synchronized nerve impulse conduction through fibers that connect distant brain structures is crucial for higher-level functions,such as cognition,memory,mood,and *** cellular and subcellular anomalies related to myelin and oligodendrocytes have been found in postmortem samples from patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder,and neuroimaging techniques have revealed consistent alterations at the macroscale connectomic level in both *** this work,evidence regarding these multilevel alterations in oligodendrocytes and myelinated tracts is discussed,and the involvement of proteins in key functions of the oligodendroglial lineage,such as oligodendrogenesis and myelination,is *** molecular components of the axo-myelin unit could be important targets for novel therapeutic approaches to schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.

关键词： Myelin sheath Oligodendroglia Schizophrenia Bipolar disorder White matter

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Dietary carbohydrate-to-protein ratio influences growth performance,hepatic health and dynamic of gut microbiota in atlantic salmon(Salmo salar)

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第3期10卷 261-279页

作者： Alejandro villasante Carolina Ramírez Hector Rodríguez Patricio Dantagnan Adrian Hernandez Elías Figueroa Jaime Romero Facultad de Medicina veterinaria y Agronomía Universidad de Las AmericasSantiagoChile Laboratorio de Biotecnología de Alimentos Unidad de AlimentosInstituto de Nutricion y Tecnología de Los Alimentos(INTA)Universidad de ChileSantiagoChile Programa de Anatomía y Biología Del Desarrollo Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Núcleo de Investigacion en Produccion Alimentaria Facultad de Recursos NaturalesUniversidad Catolica de TemucoTemucoChile

Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar)fed a carbohydrate-rich diet exhibit suboptimal growth performance,along with other metabolic *** is well known that gut microbes play a pivotal role in influencing metabolism of the host,and these microbes can be modified by the *** main goal of the present study was to determine the effect of feeding graded levels of digestible carbohydrates to Atlantic salmon on the distal intestine digesta microbiota at 3 sampling times(i.e.,weeks 4,8 and 12),during a 12-week trial.A low carbohydrate-to-high protein diet(LC/HP,0%wheat starch),a medium carbohydrate-tomedium protein diet(MC/MP,15%wheat starch)or a high carbohydrate-to-low protein diet(HC/LP,30%wheat starch)was fed to triplicate fish tanks(27 to 28 fish per tank).We performed an in-depth characterization of the distal intestine digesta ***,growth parameters,liver histology and the expression of genes involved in hepatic neolipogenesis in fish were *** fed a HC/LP diet showed greater hepatosomatic and viscerosomatic indexes(P=0.026 and P=0.018,respectively),lower final weight(P=0.005),weight gain(P=0.003),feed efficiency(P=0.033)and growth rate(P=0.003)compared with fish fed the LC/HP ***,feeding salmon a high digestible carbohydrate diet caused greater lipid vacuolization,steatosis index(P=0.007)and expression of fatty acid synthase(fas)and delta-6 fatty acyl desaturase(d6fad)(P=0.001 and P=0.001,respectively)in the liver compared with fish fed the LC/HP ***,the major impact of feeding a carbohydrate-rich diet to Atlantic salmon in beta diversity of distal intestine digesta microbiota was observed at week 4(HC/LP vs MC/MP and HC/LP vs LC/HP;P=0.007 and P=0.008,respectively)and week 8(HC/LP vs MC/MP;P=0.04),no differences between experimental groups were detected after 12 weeks of ***,at the end of the trial,there was a negative correlation between lactic acid bacteria(LAB)members,including Leuconostoc and Lactobacil

关键词： Microbiota Microbiome Atlantic salmon Steatosis Lactic acid bacteria Probiotics

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Non-Communicable Chronic Diseases and Structural Indicators in an Epidemiological Transition Country

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2020年第1期10卷 32-42页

作者： Natalia Romero-Sandoval S. Ramiro Canelos Héctor Javier Sánchez-Pérez Ricardo Romero Fernando Cornejo Miguel Martín-Mateo Escuela de Medicina Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de la Salud y de la Vida Universidad Internacional del Ecuador Quito Ecuador Grups de Reserca d’Amèrica i àfrica Llatines-GRAAL Cerdanyola del Vallés España Facultad de Ciencias Administrativas Universidad Internacional del Ecuador Quito Ecuador El Colegio de la Frontera Sur-ECOSUR San Cristóbal de Las Casas Chiapas México Instituto Geográfico Militar Seniergues E4-676 y Gral. Telmo Paz y Miño Quito Ecuador Facultad de Medicina Universidad Tecnológica Equinoccial Bourgeois Quito Ecuador Unidad de Bioestadística Facultad de Medicina Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona Cerdanyola del Vallés Barcelona Spain

Objective: To determine associations between standardized prevalence ratios of Metabolic Syndrome (MS), High Blood Pressure (HBP), and Obesity (O) with structural factors in ecuadorian population aged 20 to 59. Methods: An ecological study was conducted through data from the Ecuador’s National Health and Nutrition Survey 2013-2014, and National Census. Standardized prevalence ratio (SPR) variability was analyzed with Poisson multiple regression models (adjusted Relative Risk). Results: The SPR variability for the three diseases was associated with non-affiliation to social security, and inversely related to lower urbanization. HBP and O were associated with functional illiteracy and higher rates of primary care physicians/1000 inhabitants. HBP and MS were related to poor housing. Conclusions: Policies of non-communicable chronic diseases control in ecological transition countries need to take structural variations into account.

关键词： Chronic Illness Social Inequality Statistical Analysis Policy Process Ecuador

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Body Image Anxiety on University Students (Differences between Men and Women)

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Open Journal of Medical Psychology 2014年第5期3卷 348-354页

作者： Humberto Blanco vega Juan Francisco Aguirre Chávez Judith Margarita Rodríguez-villalobos José René Blanco Ornelas Héctor Luis Medina López Faculty of Physical Culture Sciences Autonomous University of Chihuahua Chihuahua México

The aim of this research lies on comparing anxiety body image profiles between male and female university students. A total sample of 2089 freshmen—902 women and 1187 men is from the different degrees offered by the Autonomous University of Chihuahua, with an average age of 18.23 ± 0.74 years. The approach used in the research is part of a quantitative design with a survey description. The differences found between men and women regarding their own perception of anxiety suggest that when designing any kind of intervention that aims at the decreasingly perceived anxiety, the gender variable will have to be taken into account. Future investigations should respond to these discoveries in larger samples.

关键词： Students’ Beliefs Gender Differences Higher Education Academic Performance Students’ Characteristics

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Controlling self-assembling and tumor cell-targeting of protein-only nanoparticles through modular protein engineering

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Science China Materials 2020年第1期63卷 147-156页

作者： Eric volta-Duran Olivia Cano-Garrido Naroa Serna Hector Lopez-Laguna Laura Sanchez-Garcia Mireia Pesarrodona Alejandro Sanchez-Chardi Ramon Mangues Antonio villaverde Esther vazquez Ugutz Unzueta Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterra08193 BarcelonaSpain Departament de Genetica i de Microbiologia Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterra08193 BarcelonaSpain CIBER de Bioingeniería Biomateriales y Nanomedicina(CIBER-BBN)C/Monforte de Lemos 3-528029 MadridSpain Nanoligent SL Edifici EUREKAUniversitat Autonoma de BarcelonaBellaterra08193 BarcelonaSpain Institut dInvestigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau and Josep Carreras Research Institute Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau08041 BarcelonaSpain Departament de Biologia Evolutiva Ecologia i Ciencies AmbientalsFacultat de BiologiaUniversitat de BarcelonaAv.Diagonal 64308028 BarcelonaSpain Institute for Research in Biomedicine(IRB Barcelona) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology08028 BarcelonaSpain

Modular protein engineering is suited to recruit complex and multiple functionalities in single-chain polypeptides. Although still unexplored in a systematic way, it is anticipated that the positioning of functional domains would impact and refine these activities, including the ability to organize as supramolecular entities and to generate multifunctional protein materials. To explore this concept, we have repositioned functional segments in the modular protein T22-GFP-H6 and characterized the resulting alternative fusions. In T22-GFP-H6, the combination of T22 and H6 promotes selfassembling as regular nanoparticles and selective binding and internalization of this material in CXCR4-overexpressing tumor cells, making them appealing as vehicles for selective drug delivery. The results show that the pleiotropic activities are dramatically affected in module-swapped constructs, proving the need of a carboxy terminal positioning of H6 for protein self-assembling, and the accommodation of T22 at the amino terminus as a requisite for CXCR4^+ cell binding and internalization. Furthermore, the failure of self-assembling as regular oligomers reduces cellular penetrability of the fusions while keeping the specificity of the T22-CXCR4 *** these data instruct how multifunctional nanoscale protein carriers can be designed for smart, protein-driven drug delivery, not only for the treatment of CXCR4^+ human neoplasias, but also for the development of anti-HIv drugs and other pathologies in which CXCR4 is a relevant homing marker.

关键词： nanoparticles protein materials recombinant proteins drug delivery self-assembling cancer cell targeting

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Empathy Gender in Dental Students in Latin America: An Exploratory and Cross-Sectional Study

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Health 2015年第11期7卷 1527-1535页

作者： víctor Patricio Díaz-Narváez Ana María Erazo Coronado Jorge Luis Bilbao Farith González Mariela Padilla Madeline Howard María Guadalupe Silva Mirian Bullen Fredy Gutierrez Teresa varela de villalba Mercedes Salcedo Rioja Joyce Huberman Doris Carrasco Robert Utsman School of Dentistry Universidad San Sebastián Santiago Chile Associate Investigator Universidad Autónoma de Chile Santiago Chile Universidad Metropolitana Barranquilla Colombia School of Medicine Universidad Libre Seccional Barranquilla y Fundación Universitaria San Martín Sede Puerto Colombia Barranquilla Colombia School of Dentistry Universidad de Cartagena Campus de la Salud Barrio Zaragocilla Cartagena Colombia School of Health Sciences Universidad Latinoamericana de Ciencia y Tecnología San José Costa Rica School of Dentistry Universidad de Costa Rica San Pedro de Montes de Oca San José Costa Rica Institute for Scientific Research Universidad Central del Este San Pedro de Macorís Dominican Republic School of Dentistry Universidad de Panamá Panama City Panama Facultad de Estomatología Roberto Beltrán Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia Lima Peru School of Medicine Universidad Católica de Córdoba Córdoba Argentina Department of Pediatric Dentistry School of Dentistry Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos Lima Peru School of Dentistry Faculty of Clinical Medicine Universidad del Desarrollo Santiago Chile School of Dentistry Universidad de Concepción Concepción Chile Investigation of the School of Health Sciences Universidad Latinoamericana de Ciencia y Tecnología San José Costa Rica

Background: It is well-founded that empathy is an attribute that increases the likelihood of good communication between health professionals and patients, and it is usual that there is the conviction that empathy levels are higher in women than in men. Aims: A study comparing levels of empathy gender of students in 18 schools of dentistry from six Latin American countries was conducted. Method: An exploratory cross-sectional study of which empathy levels were measured by the Jefferson Scale of Empathy for dental students (S version) and these levels were compared between genders by t-student test, after verification of normal distribution and homoscedasticity. Results: variability was found in the results of the comparisons. In some cases, empathy levels were higher in women, others in men and in most of them there were no differences between genders. Conclusions: The observed results do not support the belief that women are more empathetic than men. However, more studies must be performed in more powers and countries to verify that the results described constitute a scientific fact and not just a feature of dental students specifically in the countries studied.

关键词： Empathy Gender Dental Students

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玫瑰巧克力精品酒店

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中国建筑装饰装修 2012年第8期 96-103页

作者： Héctor velasco Pim-Schalkwijk Rolando Córdoba Marcelo Troche Reyes Ríos+Larraín建筑公司

这是一项全方位的改造项目，包括建筑外形设计和室内设计．而改造的对象是两栋分别建造于90年前和65年前的古老宅邸．它们立于Paseo de Montejo大街边上．而Paseo de Montejo是位于墨西哥尤卡坦半岛上的梅里达市的最重要的历史街区。

关键词：精品酒店巧克力玫瑰改造项目室内设计外形设计历史街区墨西哥

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F-Actin Distribution Changes Provoked by Acetaminophen in the Proximal Tubule in Kidney of Adult Male Rat

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Microscopy Research 2016年第3期4卷 39-45页

作者： Fernando Jaramillo-Juárez Jose Roberto Macías-Pérez Ma. Consolación Martínez-Saldaña Francisco Javier Avelar-González víctor Manuel Loera-Muro Edgar Eduardo Hernández-Cuéllar Francisco Jaramillo Higinio Manuel González Reynaga Alma Lilian Guerrero-Barrera Departamento de Fisiologia y Farmacologia Centro de Ciencias Basicas Universidad Autonoma de Aguascalientes Aguascalientes Mexico Departamento de Morfologia Centro de Ciencias Basicas Universidad Autonoma de Aguascalientes Aguascalientes Mexico

Acetaminophen is a drug used to treat many conditions as headache, muscle aches, arthritis, backache, toothache, and fever between others, but collateral effects of this drug are not well known yet. Here is tested its effect on proximal tubule epithelium. Acetaminophen (APAP) at doses of 200, 500, 1000 and 1500 mg/Kg i.p. caused cell damage and changes in F-actin distribution in the proximal tubule of male Wistar rats. After 48 hours of treatment, the proximal tubule epithelium showed tumefaction and necrosis. Dose of 200 mg/kg decreased the F-actin and was observed a structure in patches in the basal cytoplasm of epithelial cells of the proximal tubule. This effect was increased depending on the administered dose. Dose of 1000 mg/kg produced the highest histological damage and changes in the actin cytoskeleton. Results of this study suggested that nephrotoxic damage produced by high doses of APAP included breakdown of cytoskeleton in proximal tubule epithelium.

关键词： Acetaminophen Cytoskeleton Proximal Tubule Kidney Damage

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电催化协同效应的直接观测

电催化协同效应的直接观测

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第十三次全国电化学会议

作者：庄林金婧 Héctor D. Abrua 武汉大学化学与分子科学学院 Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Cornell UniversityUSA Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Cornell UniversityUSA

＜正＞在涉及多组分催化剂的异相催化过程中,催化剂各组分问存在协同效应是一种常见现象。例如对CO 的电化学氧化,某些二元Pt基催化剂（如Pt-Ru）的性能明显优于Pt催化剂,其机理被广泛解释为Pt表面与Ru表面存在电催化协同,即Ru可在较负... 详细信息

＜正＞在涉及多组分催化剂的异相催化过程中,催化剂各组分问存在协同效应是一种常见现象。例如对CO 的电化学氧化,某些二元Pt基催化剂（如Pt-Ru）的性能明显优于Pt催化剂,其机理被广泛解释为Pt表面与Ru表面存在电催化协同,即Ru可在较负电势下提供消除Pt-COads所需的含氧物种OHads,从而降低了反应超电势。事实上,对于涉及两种吸附分子的催化过程,协同效应可能是普遍存在的。因为两种反应分子的性

关键词：电催化协同效应表面反应直接观测

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Steroid hyperglycemia: Prevalence, early detection and therapeutic recommendations: A narrative review

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World Journal of Diabetes 2015年第8期6卷 1073-1081页

作者： Héctor Eloy Tamez-Pérez Dania Lizet Quintanilla-Flores René Rodríguez-Gutiérrez José Gerardo González-González Alejandra Lorena Tamez-Pena Internal Medicine Service “Dr.José Eleuterio González”University Hospital and School of MedicineUniversidad Autónoma de Nuevo León Research Division School of MedicineUniversidad Autónoma de Nuevo León Endocrinology Service “Dr.José Eleuterio González”University Hospital and School of MedicineUniversidad Autónoma de Nuevo León

Steroids are drugs that have been used extensively in a variety of conditions. Although widely prescribed for their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties, glucocorticoids have several side effects, being hyperglycemia one of the most common and representative. In the present review, we discuss the main epidemiologic characteristics associated with steroid use, with emphasis on the identification of high risk populations. Additionally we present the pathophysiology of corticosteroid induced hyperglycemia as well as the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics associated with steroid use. We propose a treatment strategy based on previous reports and the understanding of the mechanism of action of both, the different types of glucocorticoids and the treatment options, in both the ambulatory and the hospital setting. Finally, we present some of the recent scientific advances as well as some options for future use of glucocorticoids.

关键词： Steroid Hyperglycemia Diabetes mellitus Treatment Insulin

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