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Flexible,efficient,and accurate tests for epidemics

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Science China Mathematics 2024年第8期67卷 1881-1898页

作者： Linjiajie Fang Bing-yi jing Shen Ling Qiyue Wang Qing Yang Data Science and Analytics Thrust The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina Department of Statistics and Data Science Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Department of Mathematics and Statistics Dalhousie UniversityHalifaxNS B 3H 4R 2Canada Department of Mathematics The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina

Group testing involves discovering a small subset of distinguished subjects from a large population while efficiently reducing the total number of *** has been widely used for industrial testing,information technology,and biology,especially epidemic ***,in reality,are noisy for the presence of false *** tests are accurate but time-consuming,while others are cheaper but less *** which test to use is constrained by various considerations,such as availability,cost,accuracy,and *** this paper,we propose flexible,efficient,and accurate tests(FEATs).FEATs are based on group testing with simple but careful designs by incorporating ideas such as close contact cliques and repeated *** could dramatically improve the efficiency or accuracy of existing *** example,for accurate but slow tests,the FEAT can improve efficiency multiple times without compromising *** the other hand,for fast but inaccurate tests,the FEAT can sharply reduce the false-negative rate(FNR)and significantly increase *** justifications are *** point out some scenarios where the FEAT can be effectively employed.

关键词： epidemiology control blood testing testing efficiency testing accuracy

Effectiveness of colonoscopy,immune fecal occult blood testing,and risk-graded screening strategies in colorectal cancer screening

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第7期16卷 2270-2280页

作者： Ming Xu jing-yi Yang Tao Meng Department of Colorectal Surgery Qilu Hospital(Qingdao)Cheeloo College of MedicineQingdao 266000Shandong ProvinceChina Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450052Henan ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)is one of the most common malignant tumors,and early screening is crucial to improving the survival rate of *** combination of colonoscopy and immune fecal occult blood detection has garnered significant attention as a novel method for CRC *** and fecal occult blood tests,when combined,can improve screening accuracy and early detection rates,thereby facilitating early intervention and ***,certain risks and costs accompany it,making the establishment of a risk classification model crucial for accurate classification and management of screened *** To evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of colonoscopy,immune fecal occult blood test(FIT),and risk-graded screening strategies in CRC *** Based on the randomized controlled trial of CRC screening in the population conducted by our hospital May 2020 to May 2023,participants who met the requirements were randomly assigned to a colonoscopy group,an FIT group,or a graded screening group at a ratio of 1:2:2(after risk assessment,the high-risk group received colonoscopy,the low-risk group received an FIT test,and the FITpositive group received colonoscopy).The three groups received CRC screening with different protocols,among which the colonoscopy group only received baseline screening,and the FIT group and the graded screening group received annual follow-up screening based on baseline *** primary outcome was the detection rate of advanced tumors,including CRC and advanced *** population participation rate,advanced tumor detection rate,and colonoscopy load of the three screening programs were *** A total of 19373 subjects who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled,including 8082 males(41.7%)and 11291 females(58.3%).The mean age was 60.05±6.5 *** them,3883 patients were enrolled in the colonoscopy group,7793 in the FIT group,and 7697 in the graded screening *** rounds

关键词： Colorectal tumor Immune fecal occult blood testing Colonoscopy Hierarchical screening Risk assessment

Effects of acid-rock reaction on physical properties during CO_(2)-rich industrial waste gas(CO_(2)-rich IWG)injection in shale reservoirs

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Petroleum Science 2024年第1期21卷 272-285页

作者： yi-Fan Wang jing Wang Hui-Qing Liu Xiao-Cong Lv Ze-Min Ji National Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering China University of PetroleumBeijing102249China MOE Key Laboratory of Petroleum Engineering China University of PetroleumBeijing102249China Research Institute of Exploration and Development PetroChinaBeijing100083China

"Carbon peaking and carbon neutrality"is an essential national strategy,and the geological storage and utilization of CO_(2)is a hot issue ***,due to the scarcity of pure CO_(2)gas sources in China and the high cost of CO_(2)capture,CO_(2)-rich industrial waste gas(CO_(2)-rich IWG)is gradually emerging into the public's ***_(2)has good adsorption properties on shale surfaces,but acidic gases can react with shale,so the mechanism of the CO_(2)-rich IWG-water-shale reaction and the change in reservoir properties will determine the stability of geological ***,based on the mineral composition of the Longmaxi Formation shale,this study constructs a thermodynamic equilibrium model of water-rock reactions and simulates the regularity of reactions between CO_(2)-rich IWG and shale *** results indicate that CO_(2)consumed 12%after reaction,and impurity gases in the CO_(2)-rich IWG can be dissolved entirely,thus demonstrating the feasibility of treating IWG through water-rock *** IWG inhibits the dissolution of CO_(2),the optimal composition of CO_(2)-rich IWG is 95%CO_(2)and 5%IWG when CO_(2)geological storage is the main *** contrast,when the main goal is the geological storage of total CO_(2)-rich IWG or impurity gas,the optimal CO_(2)-rich IWG composition is 50%CO_(2)and 50%*** the CO_(2)-rich IWG-water-shale reaction,temperature has less influence on the water-rock reaction,while pressure is the most important ***2 has the greatest impact on water-rock reaction in *** minerals,clay minerals such as illite and montmorillonite had a significant effect on water-rock *** overall reaction is dominated by precipitation and the volume of the rock skeleton has increased by 0.74 cm3,resulting in a decrease in shale porosity,which enhances the stability of CO_(2)geological storage to some *** the reaction between CO_(2)-rich IWG-water-shale at simulated temperatures and pressures,precipitation

关键词： CO_(2)-rich industrial waste gas Geological storage Acid-rock reaction Shale Geochemical modelling

Exposure to ephedrine attenuates Th1/Th2 imbalance underlying OVA-induced asthma through airway epithelial cell-derived exo-somal lnc-TRPM2-AS

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Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 2024年第6期22卷 530-540页

作者： HU Yan WANG Mengqing XIE jing JIAO Luojia DING yi LUO yinhe Department of Pediatrics The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese MedicineChangsha 410007China Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha 410208China Department of Rehabilitation Medical CollegeChangsha Civil Affairs Vocational and Technical CollegeChangsha 410004Hunan ProvinceChina Teaching and Research Office of Chinese and Western Combination Hunan University of Chinese MedicineChangsha 410208China

Although various anti-inflammatory medications,such as ephedrine,are employed to manage cough-variant asthma,their underlying mechanisms are yet to be fully *** studies suggest that exosomes derived from airway epithelial cells(AECs)contain components like messenger RNAs(mRNAs),micro-RNAs(miRNAs),and long noncoding RNA(lncRNA),which play roles in the occurrence and progression of airway *** study investigates the influence of AEC-derived exosomes on the efficacy of ephedrine in treating cough-variant *** established a mouse model of asthma and measured airway resist-ance and serum inflammatory cell ***-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR),Western blotting,and enzyme-linked im-munosorbent assay(ELISA)analyses were used to assess gene and protein expression *** were isolated and *** immunoprecipitation(RIP)and RNA pull-down assays were conducted to examine the interaction between hnRNPA2B1 and *** the ovalbumin(OVA)-challenged mouse model,ephedrine treatment reduced inflammatory responses,air-way resistance,and Th1/Th2 cell *** from OVA-treated AECs showed elevated levels of lnc-TRPM2-AS1,which were diminished following ephedrine *** exosomal lnc-TRPM2-AS1 mediated the Th1/Th2 imbalance in CD4^(+)T cells,with its packaging into exosomes being facilitated by *** study unveils a novel mechanism by which ephedrine ameli-orates OVA-induced CD4^(+)T cell imbalance by suppressing AEC-derived exosomal *** findings could provide a theoretical framework for using ephedrine in asthma treatment.

关键词： Asthma Ephedrine Exosomal lnc-TRPM2-AS1 Th1/Th2 imbalance HnRNPA2B1 Airway epithelial cells

Copper-coated Porous Polyimide as Ultralight and Safe Current Collectors for Advanced LIBs

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2024年第4期42卷 521-531页

作者： Cun-Sheng Liu Jun-Qi Hu Ting-Ting Mao song-yi Liao Ru-Ming Feng yi-Dong Liu Yong-Gang Min School of Materials and Energy Guangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou510006China College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Zhongkai University of Agriculture and EngineeringGuangzhou510225China Shanwei Branch of Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory Shanwei516600China

Metallic copper is widely used as current collector(CC) for graphite anode of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs) due to its high electrical conductivity and electrochemical stability. However, the large volume density of commercial copper foil(~8.9 g·cm^(-3)) limits the increase of energy density of battery. Here, copper-coated porous polyimide(Cu@PPI) was prepared by vacuum evaporation as collector for the graphite anode. The sandwich structure connects the copper metal on both sides of the collector with excellent electrical conductivity. Compared to commercial Cu foil, Cu@PPI has lighter mass(≤3.9 mg for disc of 12 mm diameter versus 9.9 mg of ~10 μm Cu foil) and lower volume density(≤3.3 g·cm^(-3)). In addition, the porous structure allows of better adhesion of reactive substances and electrochemical properties than pure Cu foils. It is estimated that the energy density of Cu@PPI should be much higher than that of Cu foil. This strategy should be applicable for other current collectors.

关键词： Copper-coated Vacuum evaporation Porous polyimide(PPI) Current collector(CC) LIBs

Preparation and properties of ZrO_(2)-strengthened porous mullite insulation materials using Y_(2)O_(3) additive

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2024年第6期31卷 1514-1521页

作者： Wang-zhi Yu yi-hong Shi Ping Liu Yong-wan Wu Cheng-hao song Xian-gong Deng Xiang Ding song-lin Ran yi Zhang Hai-jun Zhang Hai-liang Deng Advanced Ceramics Research Center School of Materials Science and EngineeringAnhui University of TechnologyMa'anshan 243002AnhuiChina The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430081HubeiChina

ZrO_(2)-strengthened porous mullite insulation materials were prepared by foaming technology utilizing ZrSiO_(4) and Al_(2)O_(3) as primary materials and Y_(2)O_(3) as an *** effects of Y_(2)O_(3) contents on the phase composition,microstructure,mechanical properties,and heat conductivity of the porous mullite insulation materials were investigated.A suitable Y_(2)O_(3) content could promote phase transition of monoclinic ZrO_(2)(m-ZrO_(2))to tetragonal ZrO_(2)(t-ZrO_(2)),reduce pore size,and improve the strengths of as-prepared *** cold crushing strength and bending strength of as-prepared specimens with a 119µm spherical pore size using 6 wt.%Y_(2)O_(3) were 35.2 and 13.0 MPa,respectively,with a heat conductivity being only 0.248 W/(m K).

关键词： Porous mullite insulation material Zirconium oxide Y_(2)O_(3) Mechanical property Heat conductivity

Effect of cerium on microstructure,texture and properties of ultrahigh-purity copper

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第1期42卷 220-227,I0008页

作者： Yunxiao Hua Haitao Liu Kexing song Jiangwei Wang yin'gang Guo jing Tian Huiwen Guo Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction of Collaborative Innovation Center for Non-ferrous Metal New Materials and Advanced Processing Technology School of Materials Science and EngineeringHenan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyang471023China Henan Academy of Sciences Zhengzhou450000China Center of Electron Microscopy and State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials School of Materials Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China Henan Zhongyuan Gold Smelter Co. Ltd.Sanmenxia472100China Chinalco Luoyang Copper Processing Co. Ltd.Luoyang471039China

The effects of Ce addition(310 ppm and 1500 ppm)on the microstructure,texture and properties of ultrahigh-purity copper(99.99999%)were systematically studied using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and electron backscattered diffraction(EBSD)analyses,combined with the microhardness and conductivity *** the microstructure of the as-cast and as-extruded samples,the addition of Ce refines the grain size of the ultrahigh-purity copper and the refinement effect of 310Ce alloy is greater than that of 1500Ce *** is due to the stronger compone nt supercooling and the accele rated recrystallization caused by lower Ce co *** addition,Ce can react with Cu to form the Cu-Ce eutectic phases,which are deformable during the hot ***,the added Ce can weaken the texture,showing a variation of brass recrystallization(BR),rotated cube,copper and S texture components,which depends on the recrystallization,the particle stimulated nucleation(PSN)as well as the stacking fault energy(SFE).Most remarkably,the introduction of Ce enhances the hardness of the ultrahigh-purity copper without obviously reducing its *** major{111}orientations and the stress distributions are responsible for such a superior conductivity of the Ce-containing alloys.

关键词： Ce addition Grain refinement Texture Conductivity Ultrahigh-purity copper Rare earths

Taiji-TianQin-LISA network:Precisely measuring the Hubble constant using both bright and dark sirens

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第2期67卷 59-77页

作者： Shang-Jie Jin Ye-Zhu Zhang Ji-Yu song jing-Fei Zhang Xin Zhang Key Laboratory of Cosmology and Astrophysics(Liaoning)&College of Sciences Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry(Ministry of Education) Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China National Frontiers Science Center for Industrial Intelligence and Systems Optimization Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China

In the coming decades,the space-based gravitational-wave(GW)detectors such as Taiji,TianQin,and LISA are expected to form a network capable of detecting millihertz GWs emitted by the mergers of massive black hole binaries(MBHBs).In this work,we investigate the potential of GW standard sirens from the Taiji-TianQin-LISA network in constraining cosmological *** the optimistic scenario in which electromagnetic(EM)counterparts can be detected,we predict the number of detectable bright sirens based on three different MBHB population models,i.e.,popⅢ,Q3d,and *** results show that the TaijiTianQin-LISA network alone could achieve a constraint precision of 0.9%for the Hubble constant,meeting the standard of precision ***,the Taiji-TianQin-LISA network could effectively break the cosmological parameter degeneracies generated by the CMB data,particularly in the dynamical dark energy *** combined with the CMB data,the joint CMB+Taiji-TianQin-LISA data offerσ(w)=0.036 in the wCDM model,which is close to the latest constraint result obtained from the CMB+SN *** also consider a conservative scenario in which EM counterparts are not *** to the precise sky localizations of MBHBs by the Taiji-TianQin-LISA network,the constraint precision of the Hubble constant is expected to reach 1.2%.In conclusion,the GW standard sirens from the Taiji-TianQin-LISA network will play a critical role in helping solve the Hubble tension and shedding light on the nature of dark energy.

关键词： space-based gravitational wave detection standard sirens the Taiji-TianQin-LISA network the Hubble constant dark energy

Recent advances in transition metal phosphide materials:Synthesis and applications in supercapacitors

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Nano Materials Science 2024年第2期6卷 174-192页

作者： Ge Li Yu Feng yi Yang Xiaoliang Wu Xiumei song Lichao Tan College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Resource UtilizationNortheast Forestry University26 Hexing RoadHarbin150040PR China Institute of Carbon Neutrality Zhejiang Wanli UniversityNingbo315100PR China School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Harbin University of Science and TechnologyHarbin150040PR China

Supercapacitors(SCs)are considered promising energy storge systems because of their outstanding power density,fast charge and discharge rate and long-term cycling *** exploitation of cheap and efficient electrode materials is the key to improve the performance of *** the battery-type materials,transition metal phosphides(TMPs)possess high theoretical specific capacity,good electrical conductivity and superior structural stability,which have been extensively studied to be electrode materials for *** this review,we summarize the up-to-date progress on TMPs materials from diversified synthetic methods,diverse nanostructures and several prominent TMPs and their composites in application of *** the end,we also propose the remaining challenges toward the rational discovery and synthesis of high-performance TMP electrodes materials for energy storage.

关键词： Transition metal phosphides Cobalt phosphide Nickel phosphides Electrode materials Supercapacitor