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Spatial distribution regularity and influence factors of population density in the lRGR

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Chinese science Bulletin 2007年第A2期52卷 90-97页

作者： song guobao li zhenghai bao yajing lU haiyan gao jixi wang haimei xu tian cheng yan institute of bio-resources and environment College of Life Science Dalian Nationalities University Dalian 116600 China college of resources science & Technology Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Innovation Base of Regional Ecology Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing 100012 China institute of Agricultural resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 China Inner Mongolia Municipality Observatory Huhhot 010051 China college of life science Inner Mongolia University Huhhot 010021 China college of Ecological environment Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Huhhot 010018 China

联合 GIS 措施和统计方法，这份报纸选择地文学的因素和气候的因素在 lRGR 在人口密度上学习影响力量和它所有因素的功能的形式。另外，这份报纸与影响人口密度分发的因素在 lRGR 模仿人口密度分发的地位。调查结果显示下列情形：(1 ) ... 详细信息

联合 GIS 措施和统计方法，这份报纸选择地文学的因素和气候的因素在 lRGR 在人口密度上学习影响力量和它所有因素的功能的形式。另外，这份报纸与影响人口密度分发的因素在 lRGR 模仿人口密度分发的地位。调查结果显示下列情形：(1 ) 所有自然因素在 lRGR，而是影响程度和形式在人口密度的空间模式上有影响是相当不同的。地文学的因素和交通网络密度在人口密度上有大影响，当象温度和降水的如此的因素几乎没在人口分发上有小影响时。在人口密度和交通网络密度之间的关系假定否定、积极的线性关联趋势，当水系统密度和斜坡的影响看起来独立是指数的函数和对数函数时。(2 ) 人口在整个 lRGR 被散布并且当因为自然条件的影响的不可分的散布和本地集中，呈现如此的特征。因此，一条高人口密度带在 lRGR 的中间被形成了，并且一个高人口密度补丁在 lRGR 的南方形成。(3 ) 在 lRGR 在人口密度和人的活动索引(HAI ) 之间有一种好线性回归关系，它反映在场的那个人口密度罐头在 lRGR 的自然生态系统上的人工的骚乱。(4 ) 人口密度的增加导致 NDVI 索引的减少。

关键词：纵向岭谷区空间分配模式影响因素

Study on the spatial differences and its time lag effect on climatic factors of the vegetation in the longitudinal Range-Gorge Region

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Chinese science Bulletin 2007年第A2期52卷 42-49页

作者： bao yajing song guobao li zhenghai gao jixi lU haiyan wang haimei cheng yan xu tian institute of bio-resources and environment College of Life Science Dalian Nationalities University Dalian 116600 China college of resources science and Technology Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Innovation Base of Regional Ecology Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing 100012 China institute of Agricultural resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 China Inner Mongolia Municipality Observatory Huhhot 010051 China college of Ecological environment Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Huhhot 010018 China college of life science Inner Mongolia University Huhhot 010021 China

这篇文章包括温度和降水分析 NDVI 和二个气象学的数据的关联，并且探查回答植被的敏感到温度和降水变化的空间模式。由构造 NDVIr 索引，在在纵的范围峡区域(lRGR ) 的植被盖子和陆地使用之间的关系被揭示。结论如下：(1 ) 时间落后那... 详细信息

这篇文章包括温度和降水分析 NDVI 和二个气象学的数据的关联，并且探查回答植被的敏感到温度和降水变化的空间模式。由构造 NDVIr 索引，在在纵的范围峡区域(lRGR ) 的植被盖子和陆地使用之间的关系被揭示。结论如下：(1 ) 时间落后那植被回答到温度和降水变化的效果被证明。不同区域有相应于最大的关联系数的不同延期时间。根据降水和温度联合的反应时间，也就是，三种温度降水形式被定义在一样的时间的降水和温度，在温度以前的降水和在降水以前的温度。(2 ) 敏感的空间分发，哪个对温度的植被回答，被几个高、低的散布关联中心描绘。与温度，二个感觉迟钝的区域和二条敏感的带不同被形成介绍植被的反应给降水。(3 ) NDVIr 被构造，它能完美地在 lRGR 反映在气象学的因素和陆地使用状况之间的相应关系。

关键词：纵向岭谷区空间差异性气候植被

Study on the spatial differences and its time lag effect on climatic factors of the vegetation in the longitudinal Range-Gorge Region

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science Bulletin 2007年第S2期 42-49页

作者： bao yajing~1 song guobao~(1,2) li zhenghai~(1,3) gao jixi~3 l haiyan~4 wang haimei~5 cheng yan~6 xu tian~7 1 institute of bio-resources and environment,college of life science,dalian nationalities university,dalian 116600,china 2 college of resources science and Technology,Beijing Normal university,Beijing 100875,china 3 Innovation Base of Regional Ecology,Chinese Research Academy of environmental sciences,Beijing 100012,china 4 institute of Agricultural resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural sciences,Beijing 100081,china 5 Inner Mongolia Municipality Observatory,Huhhot 010051,china 6 college of Ecological environment,Inner Mongolia Agricultural university,Huhhot 010018,china 7 college of life science,Inner Mongolia university,Huhhot 010021,china

This article analyzes the correlation of NDVI and two meteorological data including temperature and precipitation,and probes the spetial pattern of responding sensitivity of the vegetation to temperature and precipitation *** constructing the NDVIrindex,the relation between vegetation cover and land use in the longitudinal Range-Gorge Region（lRGR）is *** conclusion is as follows:（1） The time lag effect that vegetation responds to temperature and precipitation change is ***- ferent regions have different delay time corresponding to maximum correlation *** to response time of precipitation and temperature combination,three kinds of temperature-precipi- tation forms are defined,namely,precipitation and temperature in the same time,precipitation prior to temperature and temperature prior to precipitation.（2）The spatial distribution of sensitivity,of which vegetation responses to temperature,is characterized by several high and low scattered correlation *** from temperature,two insensitive regions and two sensitive belts are formed to pre- sent the response of vegetation to precipitation.（3）The NDVIris constructed,which can perfectly re- flect the corresponding relationship between meteorological factors and land use condition in the lRGR.

关键词： land cover meteorological factors effect of time lag spatial correlation population density longitudinal Range-Gorge Region(lRGR)

Spatial distribution regularity and influence factors of population density in the lRGR

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science Bulletin 2007年第S2期 90-97页

作者： song guobao~(1,2) li zhenghai~(1,3+) bao yajing~1 l haiyan~4 gao jixi~3 wang haimei~5 xu tian~6 cheng yan~7 1 institute of bio-resources and environment,college of life science,dalian nationalities university,dalian 116600,china 2 college of resources science & Technology,Beijing Normal university,Beijing 100875,china 3 Innovation Base of Regional Ecology,Chinese Research Academy of environmental sciences,Beijing 100012,china 4 institute of Agricultural resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural sciences,Beijing 100081,china 5 Inner Mongolia Municipality Observatory,Huhhot 010051,china 6 college of life science,Inner Mongolia university,Huhhot 010021,china 7 college of Ecological environment,Inner Mongolia Agricultural university,Huhhot 010018,china

Combining GIS measures and statistic methods,this paper selects the physiographic factors and climatic factors to study the influencing strength and its functional forms of all factors on population density in the *** addition,this paper simulates the status of population density distribution in the lRGR with the factors influencing the population density *** findings indicate the following circumstances:(1)All natural factors have influence on the spatial pattern of population density in the lRGR,but the influencing extent and forms are quite *** factors and traffic network density have great influence on population density,while such factors as temperature and precipitation have little influence on population *** relationship between the popula- tion density and the altitude and traffic network density assumes the negative and positive linear cor- relation trends,while the influence of water system density and slope appears to be the exponential function and logarithmic function separately.(2)The population is scattered throughout lRGR and takes on such features as integral scattering and local concentration because of the influence of natural ***,a high population density belt has been formed in the middle of lRGR,and a high population density patch comes into being in the south of lRGR.(3)There is a good linear re- gression relationship between population density and human activity index(HAI)in the lRGR,which reflects that population density can present the artificial disturbance on natural ecosystem in the lRGR. (4)The increase of population density leads to the decrease of NDVI index.

关键词： population density artificial disturbance vegetation coverage physiographic factor lRGR

Analysis of land use change and its driving force in the longitudinal Range-Gorge Region

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science Bulletin 2007年第S2期 10-20页

作者： li zhenghai~(1,4+) song guobao~(1,2) l haiyan~3 bao yajing~1 gao jixi~4 wang haimei~5 xu tian~6 cheng yan~7 1 institute of bio-resources and environment,college of life science,dalian nationalities university,dalian 116600,china 2 college of resources science & Technology,Baijing Normal university,Baijing 100875,china 3 institute of Agricultural resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural sciences,Baijing 100081,china 4 Innovation Base of Regional Ecology,Chinese Research Academy of environmental sciences,Beijing 100012,china s Inner Mongolia Municipality Observatory,Huhhot 010051,china 6 college of life sciences,Inner Mongolia university,Huhhot 010021,china 7 college of Ecological environment,Inner Mongolia Agricultural university,Huhhot 010018,china

The research on land use degree,land use change rate as well as regional difference of various land use types in the southwest longitudinal Range-Gorge Region(lRGR)has been carried out on the re- gional and county *** the view of social economy,we have also analyzed the driving mecha- nism of land use change and the corresponding spatial scopes of various driving forces in the research *** research result indlcetse that,on the regional scale,farmland,forest and grassland compose the main body of land use in the lRGR,and the structural change of land use shows that grassland declines sharply,farmland increases and forest keeps *** the county scale,the land use is characterized by that land use level is relatively low,and the land use degree,the comprehensive variation rate and the relative variation rate among different land use types still *** analysis,the land use changes in the lRGR are mainly driven by investment Intensity of manpower and physical resources,the social economic output level,the intensity of natural disasters disturbance and educa- tional level of ***,the regionalism exists in the influence scope of different driving force types.

关键词： land use land use degree land use change rate driving force longitudinal Range-Gorge Region(lRGR)

Nondestructive technique for identifying nuclides using neutron resonance transmission analysis at CSNS Back-n

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Nuclear science and Techniques 2024年第1期35卷 178-187页

作者： Sheng-Da Tang Yong-Hao Chen Jing-Yu Tang Rui-Rui Fan Qiang li Gong li Dong liu Zheng-Yao Jin Xing-Zhu Cui tian-Xiang Chen Yi-Wei yang Rong liu Han Yi yang li Zhen yang Qi An Hao-Fan Bai Jiang-Bo Bai Jie bao Ping Cao Qi-Ping Chen Zhen Chen Zeng-Qi Cui An-Chuan Fan Chang-Qing Feng Fan-Zhen Feng Ke-Qing gao Min-Hao Gu Chang-Cai Han Zi-Jie Han Guo-Zhu He Yong-cheng He yang Hong Yi-Wei Hu Han-Xiong Huang Wei-Hua Jia Hao-yu Jiang Wei Jiang Zhi-jie Jiang ling Kang Bo li Chao li Jia-Wen li Xiao li Jie liu Shu-Bin liu Guang-Yuan luan Chang-Jun Ning Bin-Bin Qi Jie Ren Zhi-Zhou Ren Xi-Chao Ruan Zhao-Hui song Kang Sun Zhi-Xin Tan li-Jiao wang Peng-cheng wang Zhao-Hui wang Zhong-Wei Wen Xiao-Guang Wu xuan Wu li-Kun Xie Yong-Ji Yu Guo-Hui Zhang lin-Hao Zhang Mo-Han Zhang Qi-Wei Zhang Xian-Peng Zhang Yu-liang Zhang Yue Zhang Zhi-Yong Zhang Mao-Yuan Zhao lu-Ping Zhou Zhi-Hao Zhou Ke-Jun Zhu Sino-French institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China institute of High-Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Beijing 100049China Spallation Neutron Source science Center Dongguan 523803China School of Nuclear science and Technology University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China State Key laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China State Key laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China USTC Archaeometry laboratory University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry China Academy of Engineering PhysicsMianyang 621900China Department of Modern Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China State Key laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology School of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Key laboratory of Nuclear Data China Institute of Atomic EnergyBeijing 102413China Northwest institute of Nuclear Technology Xi’an 710024China university of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049China

Nondestructive and noninvasive neutron assays are essential applications of neutron *** resonance transmission analysis(NRTA)is a powerful nondestructive method for investigating the elemental composition of an *** back-streaming neutron line(Back-n)is a newly built time-of-flight facility at the china Spallation Neutron Source(CSNS)that provides neutrons in the eV to 300 MeV range.A feasibility study of the NRTA method for nuclide identification was conducted at the CSNS Back-n via two test *** results demonstrate that it is feasible to identify different elements and isotopes in samples using the NRTA method at *** study reveals its potential future applications.

关键词： CSNS White neutron beam NRTA Nuclide identification Nondestructive method

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CEPC Technical Design Report

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Radiation Detection Technology and Methods 2024年第1期8卷 I0003-I0016,1-1091页

作者： Waleed Abdallah Tiago Carlos Adorno de Freitas Konstantin Afanaciev Shakeel Ahmad Ijaz Ahmed Xiaocong Ai Abid Aleem Wolfgang Altmannshofer Fabio Alves Weiming An Rui An Daniele Paolo Anderle Stefan Antusch Yasuo Arai Andrej Arbuzov Abdesslam Arhrib Mustafa Ashry Sha Bai Yu Bai yang Bai Vipul Bairathi Csaba Balazs Philip Bambade Yong Ban Tripamo Bandyopadhyay Shou-Shan bao Desmond P.Barber Ayse Bat Varvara Batozskaya Subash Chandra Behera Alexander Belyaev Michele Bertucci Xiao-Jun Bi Yuanjie Bi tianjian Bian Fabrizio Bianchi Thomas Biekotter Michela Biglietti Shalva Bilanishvili Deng Binglin Denis Bodrov Anton Bogomyagkov Serge Bondarenko Stewart Boogert Maarten Boonekamp Marcello Borri Angelo Bosotti Vincent Boudry Mohammed Boukidi Igor Boyko Ivanka Bozovic Giuseppe Bozzi Jean-Claude Brient Anastasiia Budzinskaya Masroor Bukhari Vladimir Bytev Giacomo Cacciapaglia Hua Cai Wenyong Cai Wujun Cai Yijian Cai Yizhou Cai Yuchen Cai Haiying Cai Huacheng Cai lorenzo Calibbi Junsong Cang Guofu Cao Jianshe Cao Antoine Chance xuejun Chang Yue Chang Zhe Chang Xinyuan Chang Wei Chao Auttakit Chatrabhuti Yimin Che Yuzhi Che Bin Chen Danping Chen Fuqing Chen Fusan Chen Gang Chen Guoming Chen Hua-Xing Chen Huirun Chen Jinhui Chen Ji-Yuan Chen Kai Chen Mali Chen Mingjun Chen Mingshui Chen Ning Chen Shanhong Chen Shanzhen Chen Shao-long Chen Shaomin Chen Shiqiang Chen tianlu Chen Wei Chen Xiang Chen Xiaoyu Chen Xin Chen xun Chen xurong Chen Ye Chen Ying Chen Yukai Chen Zelin Chen Zilin Chen Gang Chen Boping Chen Chunhui Chen Hok Chuen cheng Huajie cheng Shan cheng Tongguang cheng Yunlong Chi Pietro Chimenti Wen Han Chiu Guk Cho Ming-Chung Chu Xiaotong Chu Ziliang Chu Guglielmo Coloretti Andreas Crivellin Hanhua Cui Xiaohao Cui Zhaoyuan Cui Brunella D'Anzi ling-Yun Dai Xinchen Dai xuwen Dai Antonio De Maria Nicola De Filippis Christophe De la Taille Francesca De Mori Chiara De Sio Elisa Del Core Shuangxue Deng Wei-tian Deng Zhi Deng Ziyan Deng Bhupal Dev Tang Dewen Biagio Di Micco Ran Ding Siqin Dingl Yadong Ding Haiyi Dong Jianin AGH university of science and Technology Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer ScienceKrakow Anhui university HefeiAnhui Applied Physics Department Federal Urdu University of ArtsScience and TechnologyIslamabad Banaras Hindu university Institute of ScienceVaranasi Bandirma Onyedi Eylul university Bandirma Beihang university Beijing Beijing Computational science Research Center Beijing Beijing Conveyi lTD Beijing Beijing Glass Research institute Co. LtdBeijing Beijing institute of Technology Beijing Beijing Normal university Beijing Brown university ProvidenceRI Budker institute of Nuclear Physics Novosibirsk Cadi Ayyad university Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied PhysicsPolydisciplinary FacultyMarrakech Cairo university Giza Center for Theory and Computation National Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchu Central china Normal university WuhanHubei Central South university ChangshaHunan Centro de Fisica Teorica de Particulas Universidade Tecnica de LisboaLisboa chengdu KaitengSifang Digital Radio&TV Equipment Co. LtdChengduSichuan china academy of engineering physics MianyangSichuan china building materials academy Beijing china Center of Advanced science and Technology Beijing china institute of Atomic Energy Beijing china Jiliang university HangzhouZhejiang china Nuclear Instrument CO. LTDBeijing china university of Geosciences Beijing china university of Geosciences WuhanHubei china university of Mining and Technology XuzhouJiangsu china West Normal university NanchongSichuan Chongqing university Department of PhysicsChongqing Chulalongkorn university Bangkok City university of Hong Kong Department of PhysicsHong Kong Cockcroft institute Daresbury Cornell university IthacaNY CPPM(AMU/IPhU&CNRS/INP) Marseille dalian Minzu university DalianLiaoning dalian university of Technology Department of PhysicsDalian Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY Hamburg Dzhelepov laboratory of Nuclear Problems of Joint institute for Nuclear Research(DlNP JINR) Dubna East china university Of science And Technol

The Circular Electron Positron Collider(CEPC)is a large scientific project initiated and hosted by china,fostered through extensive collaboration with international *** complex comprises four accelerators:a 30 GeV linac,a 1.1 GeV Damping Ring,a Booster capable of achieving energies up to 180 GeV,and a Collider operating at varying energy modes(Z,W,H,and tt).The linac and Damping Ring are situated on the surface,while the subterranean Booster and Collider are housed in a 100 km circumference underground tunnel,strategically accommodating future expansion with provisions for a potential Super Proton Proton Collider(SPPC).The CEPC primarily serves as a Higgs *** its baseline design with synchrotron radiation(SR)power of 30 MW per beam,it can achieve a luminosity of 5×10^(34)cm^(-2)s^(-1)per interaction point(IP),resulting in an integrated luminosity of 13 ab^(-1)for two IPs over a decade,producing 2.6 million Higgs *** the SR power to 50 MW per beam expands the CEPC's capability to generate 4.3 million Higgs bosons,facilitating precise measurements of Higgs coupling at sub-percent levels,exceeding the precision expected from the Hl-lHC by an order of *** Technical Design Report(TDR)follows the Preliminary Conceptual Design Report(Pre-CDR,2015)and the Conceptual Design Report(CDR,2018),comprehensively detailing the machine's layout,performance metrics,physical design and analysis,technical systems design,R&D and prototyping efforts,and associated civil engineering ***,it includes a cost estimate and a preliminary construction timeline,establishing a framework for forthcoming engineering design phase and site selection *** is anticipated to begin around 2027-2028,pending government approval,with an estimated duration of 8 *** commencement of experiments and data collection could potentially be initiated in the mid-2030s.

关键词： initiated exceeding precise

由超拍电子伏特加速器产生的超高能伽马射线气泡

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science Bulletin 2024年第4期69卷 449-457页

作者： lHAASO Collaboration Zhen Cao Chuandong gao Cong li Ruo-Yu liu Ruizhi yang 不详 Key laboratory of Particle Astrophyics&Experimental Physics Division&Computing Center Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China university of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049China tianFU Cosmic Ray Research Center ChengduChina institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary science Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China School of Astronomy and Space science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China university of science and Technology of china Hefei 230026China

We report the detection of aγ-ray bubble spanning at least 100deg2 in ultra-high energy(UHE)up to a few PeV in the direction of the star-forming region Cygnus X,implying the presence super PeVatron(s)accelerating protons to at least 10 PeV.A log-parabola form with the photon indexΓ(E)=(2.71±0.02)+(0.11±0.02)×log10(E/10 TeV)is found fitting the gamma-ray energy spectrum of the bubble *** sources,“hot spots”correlated with very massive molecular clouds,and a quasi-spherical amorphousγ-ray emitter with a sharp central brightening are observed in the *** the core of~0.5°,spatially associating with a region containing massive OB association(Cygnus OB2)and a microquasar(Cygnus X-3),as well as previously reported multi-TeV sources,an enhanced concentration of UHEγ-rays is observed with 2 photons at energies above 1 *** general feature of the bubble,the morphology,and the energy spectrum,are reasonably reproduced by the assumption of a particle accelerator in the core,continuously injecting protons into the ambient medium.

关键词： Cosmic rays γ-rays Interstellar medium Star cluster

Evidence for particle acceleration approaching PeV energies in the W51 complex

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science Bulletin 2024年第18期69卷 2833-2841页

作者： lHAASO Collaboration Zhen Cao F.Aharonian Axikegu Y.X.Bai Y.W.bao D.Bastieri X.J.Bi Y.J.Bi W.Bian A.V.Bukevich Q.Cao W.Y.Cao Zhe Cao J.Chang J.F.Chang A.M.Chen E.S.Chen H.X.Chen liang Chen lin Chen long Chen M.J.Chen M.l.Chen Q.H.Chen S.Chen S.H.Chen S.Z.Chen T.l.Chen Y.Chen N.cheng Y.D.cheng M.Y.Cui S.W.Cui X.H.Cui Y.D.Cui B.Z.Dai H.l.Dai Z.G.Dai Danzengluobu X.Q.Dong K.K.Duan J.H.Fan Y.Z.Fan J.Fang J.H.Fang K.Fang C.F.Feng H.Feng l.Feng S.H.Feng X.T.Feng Y.Feng Y.l.Feng S.Gabici B.gao C.D.gao Q.gao W.gao W.K.gao M.M.Ge l.S.Geng G.Giacinti G.H.Gong Q.B.Gou M.H.Gu F.l.Guo X.l.Guo Y.Q.Guo Y.Y.Guo Y.A.Han M.Hasan H.H.He H.N.He J.Y.He Y.He Y.K.Hor B.W.Hou C.Hou X.Hou H.B.Hu Q.Hu S.C.Hu D.H.Huang T.Q.Huang W.J.Huang X.T.Huang X.Y.Huang Y.Huang X.l.Ji H.Y.Jia K.Jia K.Jiang X.W.Jiang Z.J.Jiang M.Jin M.M.Kang I.Karpikov D.Kuleshov K.Kurinov B.B.li C.M.li cheng li Cong li D.li F.li H.B.li H.C.li Jian li Jie li K.li S.D.li W.l.li W.l.li X.R.li Xin li Y.Z.li Zhe li Zhuo li E.W.liang Y.F.liang S.J.lin B.liu C.liu D.liu D.B.liu H.liu H.D.liu J.liu J.l.liu M.Y.liu R.Y.liu S.M.liu W.liu Y.liu Y.N.liu Q.luo Y.luo H.K.lv B.Q.Ma l.l.Ma X.H.Ma J.R.Mao Z.Min W.Mitthumsiri H.J.Mu Y.C.Nan A.Neronov l.J.Ou P.Pattarakijwanich Z.Y.Pei J.C.Qi M.Y.Qi B.Q.Qiao J.J.Qin A.Raza D.Ruffolo A.Sáiz M.Saeed D.Semikoz l.Shao O.Shchegolev X.D.Sheng F.W.Shu H.C.song Yu.V.Stenkin V.Stepanov Y.Su D.X.Sun Q.N.Sun X.N.Sun Z.B.Sun J.Takata P.H.T.Tam Q.W.Tang R.Tang Z.B.Tang W.W.tian C.wang C.B.wang G.W.wang H.G.wang H.H.wang J.C.wang Kai wang Kai wang l.P.wang l.Y.wang P.H.wang R.wang W.wang X.G.wang X.Y.wang Y.wang Y.D.wang Y.J.wang Z.H.wang Z.X.wang Zhen wang Zheng wang D.M.Wei J.J.Wei Y.J.Wei T.Wen C.Y.Wu H.R.Wu Q.W.Wu S.Wu X.F.Wu Y.S.Wu S.Q.Xi J.Xia G.M.Xiang D.X.Xiao G.Xiao Y.l.Xin Y.Xing D.R.Xiong Z.Xiong D.l.xu R.F.xu R.X.xu W.l.xu l.xue D.H.yan J.Z.yan T.yan C.W.yang C.Y.yang F.yang F.F.yang l.l.yang M.J.yang R.Z.yang W.X.yang Y.H.Yao Z.G.Yao l.Q.Yin N.Yin X.H.You Z.Y.You Y.H.Yu Q.Yuan H.Yue H.D.Zeng T.X.Zeng W.Zeng M.Zha B.B.Zhang F.Zhang H.Zhang 不详 Key laboratory of Particle Astrophysics&Experimental Physics Division&Computing Center Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China university of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049China tianFU Cosmic Ray Research Center ChengduChina Dublin institute for Advanced Studies 31 Fitzwilliam Place2 DublinIreland Max-Planck-Institut for Nuclear Physics P.O.Box 103980Heidelberg 69029Germany School of Physical science and Technology&School of Information science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031China School of Astronomy and Space science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006China Tsung-Dao lee institute&School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of sciences Moscow 117312Russia Hebei Normal university Shijiazhuang 050024China university of science and Technology of china Hefei 230026China State Key laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics China Key laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy&Key laboratory of Radio Astronomy Purple Mountain ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210023China Research Center for Astronomical Computing Zhejiang LaboratoryHangzhou 311121China Key laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200030China School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091China Key laboratory of Cosmic Rays(Tibet university) Ministry of EducationLhasa 850000China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China School of Physics and Astronomy(Zhuhai)&School of Physics(Guangzhou)&Sino-French institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology(Zhuhai) Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519000&Guangzhou 510275GuangdongChina institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary science Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China APC UniversitéParis Cité

Theγ-ray emission from the W51 complex is widely acknowledged to be attributed to the interaction between the cosmic rays(CRs)accelerated by the shock of supernova remnant(SNR)W51C and the dense molecular clouds in the adjacent star-forming region,***,the maximum acceleration capability of W51C for CRs remains *** on observations conducted with the large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory(lHAASO),we report a significant detection ofγrays emanating from the W51 complex,with energies from 2 to 200 *** lHAASO measurements,for the first time,extend theγ-ray emission from the W51 complex beyond 100 TeV and reveal a significant spectrum bending at tens of *** combining the"π^(0)-decay bump"featured data from Fermi-lAT,the broadbandγ-ray spectrum of the W51 region can be well-characterized by a simple pp-collision *** observed spectral bending feature suggests an exponential cutoff at~400 TeV or a power-law break at~200 TeV in the CR proton spectrum,most likely providing the first evidence of SNRs serving as CR accelerators approaching the PeV ***,two young star clusters within W51B could also be theoretically viable to produce the most energeticγrays observed by *** findings strongly support the presence of extreme CR accelerators within the W51 complex and provide new insights into the origin of Galactic CRs.

关键词： UHE c-ray Cosmic rays SNR W51C Star clusters

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