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石油勘探与开发 2024年第4期51卷 796-806页

作者： ANJOS Sylvia M C sombra cristiano l SPADINI Adali R 巴西国家石油公司里约热内卢20231-030巴西

21世纪以来,随着桑托斯盆地深水盐下获得一系列重大油气发现,巴西东部海域成为全球深水油气勘探与生产的热点区域。通过全面回顾巴西油气勘探开发历程,系统阐述了从陆上到海域、从浅水到深水—超深水直至盐下勘探的探索实践、战略转变... 详细信息

21世纪以来,随着桑托斯盆地深水盐下获得一系列重大油气发现,巴西东部海域成为全球深水油气勘探与生产的热点区域。通过全面回顾巴西油气勘探开发历程,系统阐述了从陆上到海域、从浅水到深水—超深水直至盐下勘探的探索实践、战略转变、重大突破和关键理论技术。巴西国家石油公司(简称巴西国油)自1953年成立以后的15年间,在陆上古生界克拉通盆地和断陷盆地进行了勘探,并于断块和三角洲砂体圈闭获得了一些中小型油气发现。20世纪70年代,应用重力流沉积模式和高质量三维地震等勘探新技术,在坎波斯盆地浅水中发现Namorado和Enchova等油田,随后深水盐上勘探获得突破,成功发现Marlim、Roncador等大型油田。21世纪初,通过盐下含油气系统、碳酸盐岩成储成藏模式和核磁共振测井等理论技术攻关,推动桑托斯盆地下白垩统湖相碳酸盐岩陆续获得Tupi(lula)、Buzios、Mero等世界级超深水盐下大油田的系列重大发现。在复杂的深水作业环境下,油气开发工程面临巨大挑战,巴西国油通过启动深水研发计划(PROCAP),开发并实施窄压力窗口控压钻井、加压钻井液帽钻井、多段智能完井、水下采油及浮式生产平台开发和流动保障等关键技术,显著提升了钻完井、油气田开发和输运的效率及安全性。此外,在浮式采储卸油系统建产规模受限的情况下,推进全球最大规模的CO_(2)捕集、驱油利用与埋存工程(CCUS-EOR),有效减少温室气体排放并提高了原油采收率。上述理论技术的发展和应用,也为全球深水油气勘探开发提供了宝贵经验。未来巴西油气勘探将继续聚焦深水盐下碳酸盐岩和盐上浊积岩,并在古生界天然气等勘探领域持续寻求新的发现,同时通过技术创新和战略合作,促进巴西石油天然气行业的可持续发展。

关键词：巴西深水盐下勘探坎波斯盆地桑托斯盆地浊积岩湖相碳酸盐岩深水开发流动保障

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Surface Temperature and Heat Transfer between Body Regions of Africanized Honeybees(Apis mellifera l.)in Hives under Sun and Shade Conditions in the Northeastern Semi-arid Region of Brazil

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2018年第1期8卷 28-35页

作者： Herica Girlane Tertulino Domingos Daiana da Silva sombra Ricardo Goncalves Santos KátiaPeresGramacho and lionel Segui Goncalves Department of Animal Science The Federal Rural University of the Semi-arid RegionMossoró 59614-290RNBrazil Department of Zootechny The Federal Rural University of the Semi-arid RegionMossoró 59614-290RNBrazil Department of Biology FFCLRPUniversity of Sao PauloRibeirao Preto 14040-080Sao PauloBrazi

This work was done at the experimental station of the Federal Rural University of the Semi-arid Region （UFERSA） in Mossoró, Brazil. This work aimed to evaluate the surface temperature of the bees and heat transfer between body regions of Africanized honeybees （Apis mellifera l.） in hives under sun and shade conditions in the northeastern semi-arid region of Brazil. Twelve colonies of Africanized honeybees housed in langstroth hives were used. The body surface temperature of the bees was measured using a mini infrared thermometer （Fluke model 62）. The climatological data were obtained through a meteorological station. The comparison of means was performed by the Tukey-Kramer test （p 〈 0.01）, and data analysis using the Statistical Analysis System software. The body temperatures of the bees are not homogeneous and fluctuate throughout the day, in accordance with the environmental variations. The temperature of the thorax is generally higher, followed by the head and abdomen. The head and the abdomen are parts of the body for which the excess temperature of the thorax is transferred, with the head being the main one. The bees that were in the shade, managed to keep their body temperatures at relatively normal levels, while the bees that were in the sun, had a considered increase of its surface body temperatures higher than 2 °C, being necessary the activation of mechanisms of heat loss, and consequently there is a deviation of energy that could be used for other activities within the colony.

关键词： Surface temperature shading thermal comfort Apis mellifera

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Optical Bistability in an Acousto-Optic Tunable Filter(AOTF)Operating with Short Optical Pulses

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Journal of Electromagnetic Analysis and Applications 2012年第3期4卷 112-117页

作者： Karlo David Alves Saboia Alex Sander Barros Queiroz Francisco Tiago lima Cicero Saraiva Sobrinho Jose Wally Mendonca Menezes Antonio Sergio Bezerra sombra Departamento de Fisica Laboratorio de Telecomunicacoes e Ciencia e Engenharia de Materiais(LOCEM)Universidade Federal do CearaFortalezaBrazil Faculdade de Educacao de Crateus-Universidade Estadual do Ceara CrateusBrazil Departamento de Teleinformatica Laboratorio Especialista em Sistemas de Telecomunicacoes e Ensino(LESTE)Instituto Federal do Ceara(IFCE)Campus FortalezaFortalezaBrazil

In this paper we report for the first time the presence of bistability in an acoustic-optic tunable filter (AOTF) operating with ultrashort (2 ps) optical light pulses. The results for the study of bistability has shown the dependence of the hysteresis curve with the product of the coupling constant (κ) by the length of the device (ξl) and the conversion power-coupling constant factor (G). The range of bistability varies significantly with both G and with κξl parameters. The variation of κξl directly increases the size of the range of bistability hysteresis while the increase in G causes the bistability to occur at low powers. The phenomenon of optical bistability (OB) is the object of increasing interest due to its possibilities for important device applications. A bistable device is a device with a capability to generate two different outputs for a given input and the physical requirements for this are an intensity-dependence refractive index and an optical feedback mechanism.

关键词： Bistability Acousto-Optic Tunable Filter

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Periodic Modulation of Nonlinearity in a Two-Core Photonic Crystal Fiber: A Numerical Investigation

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Journal of Electromagnetic Analysis and Applications 2015年第2期7卷 41-51页

作者： A. F. G. F. Filho A. G. l. S. O. Mendes J. R. R. Sousa G. S. Batista A. M. Bastos C. S. Sobrinho M. l. lyra A. S. B. sombra laboratório de Telecomunicacoes e Ciência e Engenharia de Materiais lOCEM Departamento de Física Universidade Federal do Ceará Ceará Brazil Departamento de Engenharia de Teleinformática (DETI) Centro de Tecnologia Universidade Federal do Ceará Ceará Brazil Instituto de Física Universidade Federal de Alagoas Maceió Brazil

We present a numerical investigation of the propagation and the switching of ultra-short pulses (100 fs) in a two-core nonlinear coupler of photonic crystal fibers constructed with periodically modulated the non-linearity fiber (PMNl-PFC). Our simulations are taking into account different amplitude and frequency modulations of the PMNl-PFC. A coupler for coupling whose length is lc = 1.8 cm, the transmission characteristics, the compression factor, the crosstalk (Xtalk) and extinction ratio (Xratio) levels of the first order solitons were studied for low to high pump energies considering 2lc. By an analysis on the reference channel (channel 2), it is observed that at low modulation frequencies an increase occurs in the switching power increasing transmission efficiency. For high modulation frequencies, the transmitted energy efficiency loses. The switching pulses are stronger for low frequency and high amplitude modulation. The Xtalk is a function of the measurement made on the secondary channel (channel 1). It was observed that this unwanted high-frequency energy increases to lessen the measure of the amplitude modulation. In summary, we have demonstrated that introduction of a non-linearity profile takes the periodically modulated PMNl-PFC to strong variations at transmission efficiency, Xtalk, Xratio a function of frequency and modulation amplitude and the input power.

关键词： Coupler of Photonic Crystal Fibers Periodically Modulated the Non-linearity Two-Core Nonlinear Crosstalk level Extinction Ratio level

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