Objective Previous studies have shown that meteorological factors may increase COVID-19 mortality,likely due to the increased transmission of the ***,this could also be related to an increased infection fatality rate(...
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Objective Previous studies have shown that meteorological factors may increase COVID-19 mortality,likely due to the increased transmission of the ***,this could also be related to an increased infection fatality rate(IFR).We investigated the association between meteorological factors(temperature,humidity,solar irradiance,pressure,wind,precipitation,cloud coverage)and IFR across Spanish provinces(n=52)during the first wave of the pandemic(weeks 10–16 of 2020).Methods We estimated IFR as excess deaths(the gap between observed and expected deaths,considering COVID-19-unrelated deaths prevented by lockdown measures)divided by the number of infections(SARS-CoV-2 seropositive individuals plus excess deaths)and conducted Spearman correlations between meteorological factors and IFR across the *** We estimated 2,418,250 infections and 43,237 *** IFR was 0.03%in<50-year-old,0.22%in 50–59-year-old,0.9%in 60–69-year-old,3.3%in 70–79-year-old,12.6%in 80–89-year-old,and26.5%in≥*** did not find statistically significant relationships between meteorological factors and adjusted ***,we found strong relationships between low temperature and unadjusted IFR,likely due to Spain’s colder provinces’aging *** The association between meteorological factors and adjusted COVID-19 IFR is *** age differences or ignoring COVID-19-unrelated deaths may severely bias COVID-19 epidemiological analyses.
One of the most important points in the meta-analyses is certainly represented by the assessment of the quality of the studies included in such research. The meta-analyses are considered the highest level of evidence ...
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One of the most important points in the meta-analyses is certainly represented by the assessment of the quality of the studies included in such research. The meta-analyses are considered the highest level of evidence in science. Also for this reason, the quality of the studies included should be accurately evaluated by standardized tools. The overall results of the metaanalysis depend indeed also on a rigorous evaluation of the studies quality. Among all the possible tools for this complex evaluation, the Newcastle Ottawa Scale(NOS) is one of the most used worldwide, above all for observational studies. In this review, we will discuss the strengths and limitation of the NOS, also on the basis of the branch of science in which it has been applied.
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