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Impacts of land use and salinization on soil inorganic and organic carbon in the middle-lower Yellow River Delta

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Pedosphere 2021年第6期31卷 839-848页

作者： Yang GUO Xiujun WANG Xianglan LI Minggang XU Yuan LI Haonan ZHENG Yongming LUO pete smith College of Global Change and Earth System Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875(China) Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agriculture SciencesBeijing 100081(China) Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesYantai 264003(China) Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of AberdeenAberdeen AB243UU(UK)

Soil inorganic carbon(SIC)is an important reservoir of carbon(C)in arid,semi-arid,and semi-humid ***,knowledge is incomplete on the dynamics of SIC and its relationship with soil organic C(SOC)under different land use types in the semi-humid region,particularly in coastal zones impacted by soil *** collected 170 soil samples from 34 profiles across various land use types(maize-wheat,cotton,paddy,and reed)in the middle-lower Yellow River Delta(YRD),*** measured soil pH,electrical conductivity(EC),water-soluble salts,and SOC and SIC *** results showed significant differences in both SOC and SIC among land use *** dry cropland(maize-wheat and cotton)soils had significantly higher SOC and SIC densities(4.71 and 15.46 kg C m^(-2),respectively)than the paddy soils(3.28 and 14.09 kg C m^(-2),respectively)in the 0–100 cm *** with paddy soils,reed soils contained significantly higher SOC(4.68 kg C m^(-2))and similar SIC(15.02 kg C m^(-2))*** was a significant positive correlation between SOC and SIC densities over a 0–100 cm soil depth in dry cropland soils,but a negative relationship in the paddy *** average,SOC and SIC densities under maize-wheat cropping were 15%and 4%lower,respectively,in the salt-affected soils in the middle-lower YRD than the upper *** study indicated that land use types had great influences on both SOC and SIC and their relationship,and salinization had adverse effect on soil C storage in the YRD.

关键词： C densities C stocks land use type salt-affected soil soil salinization

Soil inorganic carbon sequestration through alkalinity regeneration using biologically induced weathering of rock powder and biochar

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Soil Ecology Letters 2022年第4期4卷 293-306页

作者： Muhammad Azeem Sajjad Raza Gang Li pete smith Yong-Guan Zhu Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health Ningbo Observation and Research Station Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China Zhejiang Key Lab of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in BeilunNingbo 315830China Institute of Soil and Environmental Science Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University RawalpindiPunjab 46300Pakistan School of Geographical Sciences Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 21000China Institute of Biological&Environmental Sciences University of Aberdeen23 St Machar DriveAberdeen AB243UUUK

Soil inorganic carbon(SIC)accounts for about half of the C reserves worldwide and is considered more stable than soil organic carbon(SOC).However,soil acidification,driven mainly by nitrogen(N)fertilization can accelerate SIC losses,possibly leading to complete loss under continuous and intensive N ***-free soils are less fertile,productive,and more prone to ***,minimizing carbonate losses is essential for soil health and climate change ***/mineral residues or powder have been suggested as a cheaper source of amendments to increase soil ***,slow mineral dissolution limits its efficient *** microorganisms play a vital role in the weathering of rocks and their inoculation with mineral residues can enhance dissolution *** is an alternative material for soil amendments,in particular,bone biochar(BBC)contains higher Ca and Mg that can induce even higher *** review covers i)the contribution and mechanism of rock residues in alkalinity generation,ii)the role of biochar or BBC to soil alkalinity,and iii)the role of microbial inoculation for accelerating alkalinity generation through enhanced mineral *** conclude that using rock residues/BBC combined with microbial agents could mitigate soil acidification and SIC losses and also improve agricultural circularity.

关键词： Soil acidity Climate change Valorizing of waste Biological weathering

Natural Climate Solutions for China:The Last Mile to Carbon Neutrality

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2021年第6期38卷 889-895页

作者： Zhangcai QIN Xi DENG Bronson GRISCOM Yao HUANG Tingting LI pete smith Wenping YUAN Wen ZHANG School of Atmospheric Sciences Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster StudiesSun Yat-sen Universityand Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)Zhuhai 519000China Conservation International ArlingtonVirginia VA 22202USA State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of AberdeenAberdeen AB243UUUK

“I call on all leaders worldwide to declare a State of Climate Emergency in their own countries until carbon neutrality is reached.”–António GUTERRES(United Nations Secretary General),12 December,2020 There is no shortcut to a carbon neutral society;solutions are urgently required from both energy&industrial sectors and global *** the former is often held accountable and emphasized in terms of its emissions reduction capability,the latter(recently termed natural climate solutions)should also be assessed for potential and limitations by the scientific community,the public,and policy makers.

关键词： carbon sequestration ecosystem emissions energy greenhouse gas mitigation

China’s low-emission pathways toward climate-neutral livestock production for animal-derived foods

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The Innovation 2022年第2期3卷 11-13页

作者： Rong Wang Zhaohai Bai Jinfeng Chang Qiushuang Li Alexander N.Hristov pete smith Yulong Yin Zhiliang Tan Min Wang CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry ProductionInstitute of Subtropical AgricultureThe Chinese Academy of SciencesChangsha 410125China Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil EcologyCenter for Agricultural Resources ResearchInstitute of Genetic and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesShijiazhuang 050021China College of Environmental and Resource Sciences Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Department of Animal Science The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences School of Biological SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeen AB243UUUK

Animal-derived food production accounts for 19%of global anthropogenic greenhouse gas(GHG)*** followed in China is ranked as lowcarbon emitting(i.e.,0.21 t CO_(2-)eq per capita in 2018,ranking at 145^(th) of 168 countries)due to the low average animal-derived food consumption rate,and preferential consumption of animal-derived foods with lower GHG emissions(i.e.,pork and eggs versus beef and milk).

关键词： ranked neutral emissions

Resolving controversies surrounding carbon sinks from carbonate weathering

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第9期67卷 2705-2717页

作者： Xiaoyong BAI Sirui ZHANG pete smith Chaojun LI Lian XIONG Chaochao DU Yingying XUE Zilin LI Mingkang LONG Minghui LI Xiaoyun ZHANG Shu YANG Qing LUO Xiaoqian SHEN State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuiyang 550081China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of AberdeenAberdeen AB243UUUK College of Resources and Environmental Engineering Guizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025China School of Geography and Environmental Sciences Guizhou Normal UniversityGuiyang 550025China CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change Xi’an 710061China

The importance of carbonate weathering carbon sinks(CCSs)is almost equal to that of vegetation photosynthesis in the global carbon ***,CCSs have become controversial in formulating carbon neutral policies to deal with global climate problems in various countries,since the carbonate dissolution is *** order to address these controversies,we reviewed recent advances in understanding CCSs and examined the outstanding controversies surrounding *** have analyzed the five controversies,revealing the existence of CCSs,quantifying their magnitude,clarifying their spatiotemporal pattern,and documenting how they have increased and how they evolved under the background of global *** addressing these five controversies,we help to bring clarity to the role of CCSs in the carbon cycle of global terrestrial ecosystems.

关键词： Carbon sink Carbonate weathering Carbon cycle Climate change Anthropogenic driver

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关于中国土壤碳库及固碳潜力研究的若干问题

科学通报 2011年第35期56卷 2162-2173页

作者：郑聚锋程琨潘根兴 smith pete 李恋卿张旭辉郑金伟韩晓君杜彦玲南京农业大学农业资源与生态环境研究所农业与气候变化研究中心南京210095 南京林业大学资源环境学院南京210037 Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences School of Biological Sciences University of Aberdeen 23 St Machar Drive Aberdeen AB24 3UU UK

土壤碳库研究及碳汇问题是近年来土壤碳循环与全球变化研究的热点领域.本文回顾了中国土壤碳库估算的研究成果,分析了我国土壤碳库在气候变化下的演变态势,并探讨了土壤有机碳矿化与温室气体的释放问题.整合已有的研究资料,可以认为中... 详细信息

土壤碳库研究及碳汇问题是近年来土壤碳循环与全球变化研究的热点领域.本文回顾了中国土壤碳库估算的研究成果,分析了我国土壤碳库在气候变化下的演变态势,并探讨了土壤有机碳矿化与温室气体的释放问题.整合已有的研究资料,可以认为中国土壤总有机碳库接近90Pg,无机碳库约为60Pg,农田土壤已有的固碳速率在20～25Tg/a水平.农田土壤固碳的理论容量可以达到2.0Pg水平,但农业技术的实施能够实现的技术潜力可能仅为理论潜力的1/3左右.因此,改善土壤管理和农田经营机制可能是提高土壤固碳技术潜力的关键.土壤固碳中有机碳积累并不表现出分解的敏感性,固碳显得有利于提高农田生产力和改善生态系统功能,一些农田综合温室气体排放的生命周期评价的案例研究反而显示有机质积累下农业生产的碳排放强度没有提高甚而降低.未来中国土壤碳库研究的重点发展方向在于:(1)以流域为尺度和地球表层系统为对象的系统固碳与碳汇研究;(2)生态系统土壤碳固定与稳定机制,特别是土壤固碳与生产力和生态服务功能的协同机理和多界面过程.中国土壤碳科学将面临多学科集成和多目标服务的新发展机遇.

关键词：土壤碳库土壤固碳有机碳稳定性温室气体排放土壤碳科学

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Intensified river salinization alters nitrogen-cycling microbial communities in arid and semi-arid regions of China

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Eco-Environment & Health 2024年第3期3卷 271-280页

作者： Qingqing Pang Dan Wang Zewei Jiang Mohamed Abdalla Lei Xie Xiang Zhu Fuquan Peng pete smith Longmian Wang Lingzhan Miao Jun Hou Peng Yu Fei He Bin Xu Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences Ministry of Ecology and EnvironmentNanjing 210042China College of Environment Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China College of Agricultural Science and Engineering Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China Institute of Biological&Environmental Sciences University of Aberdeen23 St Machar Dr.Aberdeen AB243UUUK School of Environmental Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Shandong Academy of Environmental Sciences Co. LtdJinan 250100China

Freshwater salinization is receiving increasing global attention due to its profound influence on nitrogen cycling in aquatic ecosystems and the accessibility of water ***,a comprehensive understanding of the changes in river salinization and the impacts of salinity on nitrogen cycling in arid and semi-arid regions of China is currently lacking.A meta-analysis was first conducted based on previous investigations and found an intensification in river salinization that altered hydrochemical *** further analyze the impact of salinity on nitrogen metabolism processes,we evaluated rivers with long-term salinity gradients based on in situ *** genes and enzymes that were inhibited generally by salinity,especially those involved in nitrogen fixation and nitrification,showed low abundances in three salinity *** abundance of genes and enzymes with denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium functions still maintained a high proportion,especially for denitrification genes/enzymes that were enriched under medium *** bacteria exhibited various relationships with salinity,while dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium bacterium(such as Hydrogenophaga and Curvibacter carrying nirB)were more inhibited by salinity,indicating that diverse denitrifying bacteria could be used to regulate nitrogen *** genera exhibited symbiotic and mutual relationships,and the highest proportion of significant positive correlations of abundant genera was found under medium *** study emphasizes the role of river salinity on environment characteristics and nitrogen transformation rules,and our results are useful for improving the availability of river water resources in arid and semi-arid regions.

关键词： Arid and semi-arid regions Nitrogen cycle Nitrogen transforming functional bacteria River Salinity gradient

Assessment of ecosystem services of rice farms in eastern India

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Ecological Processes 2019年第1期8卷 435-450页

作者： A.K.Nayak Md Shahid A.D.Nayak B.Dhal K.C.Moharana B.Mondal R.Tripathi S.D.Mohapatra P.Bhattacharyya N.N.Jambhulkar A.K.Shukla Nuala Fitton pete smith H.Pathak ICAR-National Rice Research Institute CuttackOdisha 753006India Indian Institute of Soil Sciences NabibaghBhopalMadhya PradeshIndia Institute of Biological&Environmental Sciences University of Aberdeen23 St Machar DriveAberdeen AB243UUUK.

Background:Rice is a major cereal crop and staple food of eastern India,and most farmers depend solely on rice for their *** farming provides both tangible and non-tangible benefits to ecosystems which need to be maintained and *** benefits are provided through ecosystem services(ES)that include both marketable and ***:In this study,the rice farms in eastern India were valued by quantifying the economic value of the services under conventional method of rice cultivation and the gap of ecosystem services value and farm income per unit area were assessed.A stratified random sampling technique was used in this study for selection of agro-climatic zones,districts,blocks,gram panchayat,and study units(households).Soil sampling was also performed for assessing the regulating services(biocontrol of pests,carbon flow,soil erosion,nitrogen fixation),provisioning services(food and by-products),and supporting services(soil fertility,hydrological flow,nutrient cycling,and soil formation).Results:The results indicated that the total economic value of ecosystem services ranged from US$1238 to 1688 ha−1 year−*** marketed(primary production)and non-marketed ecosystem services values ranged from 66–89 to 11–34%of the total,*** of some of the ecosystem services such as cultural services,biodiversity,and gas regulation,which may play a significant role in total ecosystem services,has not been made due to non-availability of data and appropriate methodology for rice *** values of parameters can explain the variability in ecosystem services among the agro-climatic zones in eastern *** of locations based on variability of ecosystem services helps in identifying intervention points for sustaining and improving ecosystem services,while permitting sustainable agro-ecological *** highest total economic gap between ES value and farm income was found in the north central plateau zone(US$

关键词： Ecosystem services Rice farming Economic gap Payment for ecosystem services(PES)

Pyrroloquinoline quinone:a potential neuroprotective compound for neurodegenerative diseases targeting metabolism

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 41-53页

作者： Alessio Canovai pete A.Williams Department of Biology University of PisaPisaItaly Department of Clinical Neuroscience Division of Eye and VisionSt.Erik Eye HospitalKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden

Pyrroloquinoline quinone is a quinone described as a cofactor for many bacterial dehydrogenases and is reported to exert an effect on metabolism in mammalian cells/*** quinone is present in the diet being available in foodstuffs,conferring the potential of this compound to be supplemented by dietary *** quinone’s nutritional role in mammalian health is supported by the extensive deficits in reproduction,growth,and immunity resulting from the dietary absence of pyrroloquinoline quinone,and as such,pyrroloquinoline quinone has been considered as a“new vitamin.”Although the classification of pyrroloquinoline quinone as a vitamin needs to be properly established,the wide range of benefits for health provided has been reported in many *** this respect,pyrroloquinoline quinone seems to be particularly involved in regulating cell signaling pathways that promote metabolic and mitochondrial processes in many experimental contexts,thus dictating the rationale to consider pyrroloquinoline quinone as a vital compound for mammalian *** the regulation of different metabolic mechanisms,pyrroloquinoline quinone may improve clinical deficits where dysfunctional metabolism and mitochondrial activity contribute to induce cell damage and *** quinone has been demonstrated to have neuroprotective properties in different experimental models of neurodegeneration,although the link between pyrroloquinoline quinone-promoted metabolism and improved neuronal viability in some of such contexts is still to be fully ***,we review the general properties of pyrroloquinoline quinone and its capacity to modulate metabolic and mitochondrial mechanisms in physiological *** addition,we analyze the neuroprotective properties of pyrroloquinoline quinone in different neurodegenerative conditions and consider future perspectives for pyrroloquinoline quinone’s potential in health and disease.

关键词： metabolism mitochondria neurodegenerative disease neuroprotection pyrroloquinoline quinone retinal diseases