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Effect of diets on the feeding behavior and physiological properties of suspension-feeding sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2020年第3期38卷 883-893页

作者： YU Zonghe ROBInSOn Shawn MACDOnALD Bruce LAnDER Terralynn smith Craig College of Marine Sciences South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510642China Fisheries and Oceans Canada St.Andrews Biological StationSt.AndrewsNB E5B 2L9Canada Biology Department and Centre for Coastal Studies and Aquaculture University of New BrunswickSaint JohnNB E2L 4L5Canada

The suspension-feeding sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa has become commercially important in recent *** proper diets is the first important step for intensive aquaculture of this sea *** this study,adult *** were exposed to one of the following diet treatments:control(no diet provided),two powdered seaweeds(Ascophyllum nodosum and Saccharina latissima),a commercially available microalgal diet(shellfish diet)and natural *** effects of diets on the feeding behavior and physiological properties of sea cucumbers were investigated after a 5-week rearing *** show that sea cucumbers fed with shellfish diet exhibited a significantly higher tentacle insertion rate(1.80±0.20 insertion/min)than these fed with seaweed powders,and there was no significant different between the two groups fed by seaweed *** significant difference was found on the fecal production rate among the feeding *** minimum oxygen consumption rate was observed in the control group(5.76±0.99μg O2/(g·h)),which is significantly lower than individuals fed with ***,shellfish diet,and natural seston;however,no significant difference was shown between those of control and *** *** maximum ammonium excretion rate was found in the *** group(0.03±0.01μmol/(g·h)),which is significantly higher than other *** minimum O/n ratio was observed in the *** group(14.57±1.04),which is significantly lower than the ***,shellfish diet,and natural seston *** fed with seaweed powders had similar physiological properties with these fed with microalgae diet and natural seston,indicating that *** and *** can be explored as promising diets for intensive aquaculture of ***.

关键词： sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa physiological property feeding behavior nutritional condition

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A Meta-Analysis of the Genome-Wide Association Studies on Two Genetically Correlated Phenotypes Suggests Four new Risk Loci for Headaches

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Phenomics 2023年第1期3卷 64-76页

作者： Weihua Meng Parminder S.Reel Charvi nangia Aravind Lathika Rajendrakumar Harry L.Hebert Qian Guo Mark J.Adams Hua Zheng Zen Haut Lu Me Research Team Debashree Ray Lesley A.Colvin Colin n.A.Palmer Andrew M.McIntosh Blair H.smith nottingham ningbo China Beacons of Excellence Research and Innovation Institute University of Nottingham Ningbo ChinaNingbo 315100China Division of Population Health and Genomics Ninewells Hospital and Medical SchoolUniversity of DundeeDundee DD24BFUK Division of Psychiatry Edinburgh Medical SchoolUniversity of EdinburghEdinburgh EH105HFUK Department of Anaesthesiology Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030China PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences Universiti Brunei DarussalamBandar Seri Begawan BE1410Brunei Darussalam andMe Inc.SunnyvaleCA 94086USA Department of Epidemiology Bloomberg School of Public HealthJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD 21205USA Department of Biostatistics Bloomberg School of Public HealthJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD 21205USA

Headache is one of the commonest complaints that doctors need to address in clinical *** genetic mechanisms of different types of headache are not well understood while it has been suggested that self-reported headache and self-reported migraine were genetically *** this study,we performed a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies(GWAS)on the self-reported headache phenotype from the UK Biobank and the self-reported migraine phenotype from the 23andMe using the Unified Score-based Association Test(metaUSAT)software for genetically correlated phenotypes(n=397,385).We identified 38 loci for headaches,of which 34 loci have been reported before and four loci were newly *** LDL receptor related protein 1(LRP1)-Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 6(STAT6)-Short chain Dehydrogenase/Reductase family 9C member 7(SDR9C7)region in chromosome 12 was the most significantly associated locus with a leading p value of 1.24×10^(-62)of *** One Cut homeobox 2(OnECUT2)gene locus in chromosome 18 was the strongest signal among the four new loci with a p value of 1.29×10^(-9)of *** study demonstrated that the genetically correlated phenotypes of self-reported headache and self-reported migraine can be meta-analysed together in theory and in practice to boost study power to identify more variants for *** study has paved way for a large GWAS meta-analysis involving cohorts of different while genetically correlated headache phenotypes.

关键词： Headache Migraine Unified Score-based Association Test Correlated phenotypes Meta-analysis Genome-wide association study

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Self-reported cigarette smoking status imprecisely quantifies exposure in pregnancy

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2012年第1期2卷 56-61页

作者： Carolina C. Venditti Graeme n. smith Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences Queen’s University Kingston Canada Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Kingston General Hospital Kingston Canada

Objective: We sought to determine the validity of self-reported smoking activity versus two quantitative measurements of tobacco exposure in pregnancy. We hypothesized that pregnant women would under-report their daily smoking amounts, due to the negative social stigmas associated with such a behavior. Methods: Cigarette-smoking and non-smoking pregnant women were recruited as part of a larger research study. Pregnant women with a singleton baby (>24 weeks) were recruited at a clinical appointment or prior to an elective caesarian section. Self-reported smoking status, including time since last cigarette, was recorded. End-tidal breath carbon monoxide (ETCO) levels and urine cotinine levels were measured and compared. Results: Both normotensive non-smoking (nTn) (n = 44) and normotensive smoking (nTS) (n = 24) pregnant women were recruited. A strong correlation was found between ETCO levels and urine cotinine measurements (r = 0.6566, p 0.05). Conclusion: Self-reported smoking status accurately identifies women who smoke in pregnancy, but not their level of tobacco exposure. Urine cotinine or ETCO are much better quantitative measurements of nicotine and carbon monoxide, respectively, and should be measured for a more precise indicator of smoking activity. These devices will allow for better counseling and monitoring of women who are trying to quit smoking and/or who enter into smoking cessation programs.

关键词： Pregnancy Cigarette Smoking Carbon Monoxide Cotinine Self-Reported Levels

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A metapopulation model for the spread of MRSA in correctional facilities

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2016年第1期1卷 11-27页

作者： Marc Beauparlant Robert smith Department of Mathematics The University of OttawaOttawaON K1N 6N5Canada Department of Mathematics and Faculty of Medicine The University of OttawaOttawaON K1N 6N5Canada

The spread of methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)in health-care settings has become increasingly difficult to control and has since been able to spread in the general *** prevalence of MRSA within the general public has caused outbreaks in groups of people in close quarters such as military barracks,gyms,daycare centres and correctional *** facilities are of particular importance for spreading MRSA,as inmates are often in close proximity and have limited access to hygienic products and clean *** these conditions are ideal for spreading MRSA,a recent study has suggested that recurrent epidemics are caused by the influx of colonized or infected individuals into the correctional *** this paper,we further investigate the effects of community dynamics on the spread of MRSA within the correctional facility and determine whether recidivism has a significant effect on disease *** a simplified hotspot model ignoring disease dynamics within the correctional facility,as well as two metapopulation models,we demonstrate that outbreaks in correctional facilities can be driven by community dynamics even when spread between inmates is *** also show that disease dynamics within the correctional facility and their effect on the outlying community may be ignored due to the smaller size of the incarcerated *** will allow construction of simpler models that consider the effects of many MRSA hotspots interacting with the general *** is suspected that the cumulative effects of hotspots for MRSA would have a stronger feedback effect in other community settings.

关键词： methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus hotspots mathematical model metapopulation model Latin Hypercube Sampling

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A Bioactivity Versus Ethnobotanical Survey of Medicinal Plants from nigeria, West Africa

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natural Products and Bioprospecting 2014年第1期4卷 1-19页

作者： Lydia L.Lifongo Conrad V.Simoben Fidele ntie-Kang smith B.Babiaka Philip n.Judson Chemical and Bioactivity Information Centre Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceUniversity of BueaBueaCameroon Chemical and Bioactivity Information Centre 22-23 Blenheim TerraceWoodhouse LaneLeeds LS29HDUK Chemical and Bioactivity Information Centre Granary Wharf House2 Canal WharfLeeds LS115PYUK

Traditional medicinal practices play a key role in health care systems in countries with developing *** aim of this survey was to validate the use of traditional medicine within local nigerian *** this review,we examine the ethnobotanical uses of selected plant species from the nigerian flora and attempt to correlate the activities of the isolated bioactive principles with known uses of the plant species in African traditional ***-three(33)plant species were identified and about 100 out of the 120 compounds identified with these plants matched with the ethnobotanical uses of the plants.

关键词： African traditional medicine Bioactivity Ethnobotany Medicinal plants nigeria

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中国人群孕前队列研究先兆子痫:原理、研究方法和基线结果(英文)

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中南大学学报（医学版） 2012年第11期37卷 1081-1087页

作者：文师吾谭红专谢日华 Graeme n. smith Mark Walker 中南大学公共卫生学院长沙410078 渥太华大学医学院妇产科学系产科产妇与新生儿凋查研究组加拿大安大略渥太华K1H 8L6 渥太华医院研究所加拿大安大略渥太华KIH 8L6 渥太华大学医学院流行病学与社区医学系加拿大安大略渥太华K1H 8L6 怀化医学高等专科学校护理系湖南怀化418000 女王大学妇产科学系围产研究组加拿大安大略金斯顿K7L 2V7

目的:目前尚不清楚先兆子痫是由孕前因素还是妊娠因素所引起。本研究通过在中国湖南地区建立孕前队列以阐明先兆子痫的病因。方法:本研究拟在湖南浏阳地区招募5000对半年内有怀孕打算的未孕夫妇,并追踪研究对象的怀孕、分娩及产后情况... 详细信息

目的:目前尚不清楚先兆子痫是由孕前因素还是妊娠因素所引起。本研究通过在中国湖南地区建立孕前队列以阐明先兆子痫的病因。方法:本研究拟在湖南浏阳地区招募5000对半年内有怀孕打算的未孕夫妇,并追踪研究对象的怀孕、分娩及产后情况。结果:目前本孕前队列共招募了1915对未孕夫妇。与孕前相比较,产妇的收缩压和舒张压在孕中早期有所下降,然而在孕后期有所上升。结论:孕前队列的建立将对孕期先兆子痫及产后心血管疾病的预防发挥重要的理论和实际意义。

关键词：孕前队列先兆子痫中国

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Bio-inspired robotic manta ray powered by ionic polymer-metal composite artificial muscles

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International Journal of Smart and nano Materials 2012年第4期3卷 296-308页

作者： Zheng Chen Tae I.Um Hilary Bart-smith Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA 22904USA

The manta ray(Manta birostris)is the largest species of rays that demonstrates excellent swimming capabilities via large-amplitude flapping of its pectoral *** this article,we present a bio-inspired robotic manta ray using ionic polymer–metal composite(IPMC)as artificial muscles to mimic the swimming behavior of the manta *** robot utilizes two artificial pectoral fins to generate undulatory flapping motions,which produce thrust for the *** pectoral fin consists of an IPMC muscle in the leading edge and a passive polydimethylsiloxane membrane in the trailing *** the IPMC is actuated,the passive polydimethylsiloxane membrane follows the bending of the leading edge with a phase delay,which leads to an undulatory flapping motion on the *** of the pectoral fin has shown that the fin can generate flapping motions with up to 100%tip deflection and 40◦twist *** test the free-swimming performance of the robot,a light and compact on-board control unit with a lithium ion polymer battery has been *** experimental results have shown that the robot can swim at 0.067 BL/s with portable power consumption of under 2.5 W.

关键词： ionic polymer-metal composite artificial muscle bio-inspired robot

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Assessment of ecosystem services of rice farms in eastern India

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Ecological Processes 2019年第1期8卷 435-450页

作者： A.K.nayak Md Shahid A.D.nayak B.Dhal K.C.Moharana B.Mondal R.Tripathi S.D.Mohapatra P.Bhattacharyya n.n.Jambhulkar A.K.Shukla nuala Fitton Pete smith H.Pathak ICAR-national Rice Research Institute CuttackOdisha 753006India Indian Institute of Soil Sciences NabibaghBhopalMadhya PradeshIndia Institute of Biological&Environmental Sciences University of Aberdeen23 St Machar DriveAberdeen AB243UUUK.

Background:Rice is a major cereal crop and staple food of eastern India,and most farmers depend solely on rice for their *** farming provides both tangible and non-tangible benefits to ecosystems which need to be maintained and *** benefits are provided through ecosystem services(ES)that include both marketable and ***:In this study,the rice farms in eastern India were valued by quantifying the economic value of the services under conventional method of rice cultivation and the gap of ecosystem services value and farm income per unit area were assessed.A stratified random sampling technique was used in this study for selection of agro-climatic zones,districts,blocks,gram panchayat,and study units(households).Soil sampling was also performed for assessing the regulating services(biocontrol of pests,carbon flow,soil erosion,nitrogen fixation),provisioning services(food and by-products),and supporting services(soil fertility,hydrological flow,nutrient cycling,and soil formation).Results:The results indicated that the total economic value of ecosystem services ranged from US$1238 to 1688 ha−1 year−*** marketed(primary production)and non-marketed ecosystem services values ranged from 66–89 to 11–34%of the total,*** of some of the ecosystem services such as cultural services,biodiversity,and gas regulation,which may play a significant role in total ecosystem services,has not been made due to non-availability of data and appropriate methodology for rice *** values of parameters can explain the variability in ecosystem services among the agro-climatic zones in eastern *** of locations based on variability of ecosystem services helps in identifying intervention points for sustaining and improving ecosystem services,while permitting sustainable agro-ecological *** highest total economic gap between ES value and farm income was found in the north central plateau zone(US$

关键词： Ecosystem services Rice farming Economic gap Payment for ecosystem services(PES)

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History and Progress of the north American Soil Geochemical Landscapes Project,2001-2010

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地学前缘 2012年第3期19卷 19-32页

作者： David B.smith William F.Cannon Laurel G.Woodruff Francisco Moreira Rivera Andrew n.Rencz Robert G.Garrett US Geological Survey MS 973 Denver CO 80225 USA US Geological Survey MS 9541 Reston VA 20192 USA US Geological Survey 2280 Woodale Drive St. Paul MN 55112 USA Servicio Geologico Mexicano 78280 San Luis Potosl S. L. P. Mexrico Geological Survey of Canada Natural Resources Canada 601 Booth St. Ottawa ON Canada K IA OE8

In 2007,the *** Survey,the Geological Survey of Canada,and the Mexican Geological Survey initiated a low-density(1 site per 1600 km2,13323 sites) geochemical and mineralogical survey of north American soils(north American Soil Geochemical Landscapes Project).Sampling and analytical protocols were developed at a series of workshops in 2003-2004 and pilot studies were conducted from *** ideal sampling protocol at each site includes a sample from 0-5 cm depth,a composite of the soil A horizon,and a sample from the soil C *** n of each sample is analyzed for Al,Ca,Fe,K,Mg,na,S,Ti,Ag,Ba,Be,Bi,Cd,Ce,Co,Cr,Cs,Cu,Ga,In,La,Li,Mn,Mo,nb,ni,P,Pb,Rb,Sb,Sc,Sn,Sr,Te,Th,Tl,U,V,W,Y,and Zn by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry following a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl,HnO3,HClO4,and *** methods are used for As,Hg,Se,and total C on this same size *** major mineralogical components are determined by a quantitative X-ray diffraction *** in the conterminous *** completed in 2010(c.4800 sites) with chemical and mineralogical analysis currently *** Mexico,approximately 66% of the sampling(871 sites) had been done by the end of 2010 with completion expected in *** completing sampling in the Maritime provinces and portions of other provinces(472 sites,7.6% of the total),Canada withdrew from the project in *** results for a swath from the central *** Florida clearly show the effects of soil parent material and climate on the chemical and mineralogical composition of soils.A sample archive will be established and made available for future investigations.

关键词：墨西哥地质学电感耦合等离子体

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Combined antrum and corpus biopsy protocol improves Helicobacter pylori culture success

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology 2022年第1期13卷 34-40页

作者： Denise E Brennan Colm O'Morain Deirdre Mcnamara Sinead M smith Department of Clinical Medicine Trinity College DublinTrinity CentreTallaght University HospitalDublin D24Ireland

BACKGROUnD Helicobacter pylori(***)causes chronic gastritis,peptic ulcer disease,gastric adenocarcinoma and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue *** rates have fallen,mainly due to antimicrobial *** guidelines recommend that first-line treatment is based on the local prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and that rescue therapies are guided by antimicrobial susceptibility testing(AST).However,*** culture is challenging and culture-based AST is not routinely performed in the majority of *** of *** culture from clinical specimens will enable more widespread AST to determine the most appropriate antimicrobials for *** *** To determine whether dual antrum and corpus biopsy sampling is superior to single antrum biopsy sampling for *** *** The study received ethical approval from the joint research ethics committee of Tallaght University Hospital and ***’s *** referred for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were invited to *** were collected in tubes containing Dent’s transport medium and patient demographics were *** were used to inoculate Colombia blood agar *** were incubated under microaerobic conditions and evaluated for the presence of *** analyses were performed using Graphpad *** variables were compared using the two-tailed independent *** variables were compared using the two-tailed Fisher exact *** all cases,a P value less than 0.05 was considered *** In all,samples from 219 ***-infected patients were analysed in the *** mean age of recruited patients was 48±14.9 years and 50.7%(n=111)were *** most common endoscopic finding was gastritis(58.9%;n=129).Gastric ulcer was diagnosed in 4.6%(n=10)of patients,while duodenal ulcer was diagnosed in 2.7%(n=6).Single antrum biopsies were collected from 73 patients,whereas combined antrum

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Culture Antimicrobial susceptibility testing Antimicrobial Antrum Corpus

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