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“In Space” or “As Space”?: Spatial Autocorrelation Properties of the Earth’s Interior

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International Journal of Geosciences 2014年第4期5卷 375-382页

作者： Charles H. smith Center for Biodiversity Studies Western Kentucky University Bowling Green KY 42101 USA

In this analysis, natural systems are posed to subsystemize in a manner facilitating both structured information/energy sharing and an entropy maximization process projecting a three-dimensional, spatial outcome. numerical simulations were first carried out to determine whether n × n input-output matrices could, once entropy-maximized, project a three-dimensional Euclidean metric. Only 4 × 4 matrices could;a small proportion passed the test. Larger proportions passed when grouped random patterns on and within two- and three-dimensional forms were tested. The pattern of structural zonation within the earth was then tested in analogous fashion using spatial autocorrelation measures, and for three time periods: current, 95 million years b.p. and 200 million years b.p. All expected results were obtained;not only do the geometries of zonation project a three-dimensional structure as anticipated, but also do secondary statistical measures reveal levels of equilibrium among the zones in all three cases that are nearly total, distinguishing them from simulations that do not incorporate a varying-surface zone-width element.

关键词： Entropy Maximization Earth’s Interior Spatial Autocorrelation Benedict de Spinoza Spatial Extension Space

Methanogenic archaea and sulfate reducing bacteria induce severe corrosion of steel pipelines after hydrostatic testing

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2020年第13期47卷 72-83页

作者： Enze Zhou Jianjun Wang Masoumeh Moradi Huabing Li Dake Xu Yuntian Lou Jinheng Luo Lifeng Li Yulei Wang Zhenguo Yang Fuhui Wang Jessica A.smith Shenyang national Laboratory for Materials Science Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China Key Laboratory for Anisotrotropy and Texture of Materials(Ministry of Education) School of Materials Science and EngineeringNortheastern UniversityShenyang 110819China Corrosion and Protection Center University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China CnPC Tubular Goods Research Institute Xian 710065China CnPC Pipeline Construction Administration Department Beijing 100101China Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China Department of Biomolecular Sciences Central Connecticut State UniversityNew BritainCT 06050USA

Complex interactions within a microbial consortium can induce severe corrosion in oil *** study investigated the mechanism of microbiologically influenced corrosion(MIC)that led to failure of X52 steel pipelines after hydrostatic *** hydrostatic testing with untreated lake water and underground water were used to simulate and study the events that led to the actual *** analysis,weight loss,and several electrochemical measurements demonstrated rapid corrosion rates after hydrostatic *** of microbial community structures revealed that methanogenic archaea and sulfate reducing bacteria(SRB),introduced by the hydrotest water,formed corrosive biofilms on X52 steel coupon surfaces that induced severe pitting.

关键词： Pipeline steel Microbiologically influenced corrosion Sulfate-reducing bacteria(SRB) Pitting corrosion

Unraveling the dose-response puzzle of ***:A mechanistic approach

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2016年第1期1卷 101-114页

作者： S.M.Ashrafur Rahman Daniel Munther Aamir Fazil Ben smith Jianhong Wu Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics Centre for Disease ModellingDepartment of Mathematics and StatisticsYork UniversityTorontoON M3J 1P3Canada Department of Mathematics Cleveland State UniversityClevelandOH 44115United States national Microbiology Laboratory Public Health Agency of CanadaGuelphON N1G 5B2Canada

Food-borne disease outbreaks caused by Listeria monocytogenes continue to impose heavy burdens on public health in north America and *** explore the threat *** presents to the elderly,pregnant woman and immuno-compromised individuals,many studies have focused on in-host infection mechanisms and risk evaluation in terms of dose-response ***,the connection of these two foci has received little attention,leaving risk prediction with an insufficient mechanistic ***,there is a critical need to quantifiably link in-host infection pathways with the doseresponse *** better understand these relationships,we propose a new mathematical model to describe the gastro-intestinal pathway of *** within the *** model dynamics are shown to be sensitive to inoculation doses and exhibit bistability *** the model to guinea pigs,we show how it provides useful tools to identify key parameters and to inform critical values of these parameters that are pivotal in risk *** preliminary analysis shows that the effect of gastroenvironmental stress,the role of commensal microbiota and immune cells are critical for successful infection of *** and for dictating the shape of the doseresponse curves.

关键词： L.monocytogenes Dose-response Mechanistic model Bi-stable Guinea pig

Heat transfer in turbulent tube flow inserted with loose-fit multi-channel twisted tapes as swirl generators

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Theoretical & Applied Mechanics Letters 2017年第6期7卷 372-378页

作者： Suttisak Kunlabud Varesa Chuwattanakul Vichan Kongkaitpaiboon Pitak Promthaisong smith Eiamsa-ard Faculty of Engineering Mahanakorn University of TechnologyBangkokThailand Faculty of Engineering King Mongkut's Institute of Technology LadkrabangBangkokThailand

Heat transfer and flow behaviors in three-dimensional circular tubes with loose-fit multiple channel twisted tapes were numerically studied. The investigation was examined for Reynolds numbers （Re） ranging from 5000 to 15,000, by using air as testing fluid. Effects of the multiple channel number （n = 2, 3, and 4）, clearance ratio （CR = 0.0, 0.025, 0.05, and 0.075） on heat transfer enhancement and flow friction were examined. The numerical results indicate that the tubes with loose-fit multiple channel twisted tapes perform higher heat transfer rates than the plain tube. The enhanced heat transfer rate is escorted with larger pressure drop. Both heat transfer and pressure drop increase with increasing multiple channel number （n） and decreasing clearance ratio （CR）. Heat transfer augmented by the loose-fit multiple channel twisted tape with n = 4 is higher than those enhanced by the ones with n = 2 and 3 by around 9.5-17.8% and 5.8-7.8%, respectively. In addition, the loose-fit multiple channel twisted tapes with clearance ratio of 0.025, 0.05, and 0.075 give lower heat transfer rates than the one with CR = 0.0 by around 8.4%, 17.5%, and 28.8%, respectively.

关键词： Heat transfer Heat transfer enhancement Loose-fit multiple channel twisted tape Swirling flow

用选择离子流动管质谱测定汽油和柴油蒸汽成分

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分析化学 2003年第5期31卷 548-551页

作者：程平,张为俊,储焰南,Patrik Spanel,David smith 中国科学院安徽光机所环境光谱学开放实验室中国科学院安徽光机所环境光谱学开放实验室中国科学院安徽光机所环境光谱学开放实验室 V.Eermak Laboratory J.Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Dolejskova 3 182 23 9]Prague Czech Republic Center for Science and Technology in Medicine Keele University Thomburrow Drive Harthill Stoke on Trent ST4 7QB U.K. 合肥 230031 合肥 230031 合肥 230031

采用选择离子流动管质谱(SIFT/MS)装置,以H3O+、nO+为初始离子对汽油和柴油蒸汽进行了研究,质谱分析表明,汽油和柴油主要由C-H化合物组成.包括烷烃、环烷烃、烯烃、炔烃、二烯烃以及芳香烃。在这几种成分中,烷烃都占有最大的比例;汽油... 详细信息

采用选择离子流动管质谱(SIFT/MS)装置,以H3O+、nO+为初始离子对汽油和柴油蒸汽进行了研究,质谱分析表明,汽油和柴油主要由C-H化合物组成.包括烷烃、环烷烃、烯烃、炔烃、二烯烃以及芳香烃。在这几种成分中,烷烃都占有最大的比例;汽油蒸汽和柴油蒸汽最大的区别是柴油蒸汽中长链大分子的挥发性C-H化合物所占的比例远远高于汽油蒸汽。文中还给出了以H3O+、nO+为初始离子所得到的汽油蒸汽的质谱图,以及汽油、柴油蒸汽中各种成分的定量分析结果。

关键词：选择离子流动管质谱油蒸汽

Prevalence and outcomes of pediatric surgical conditions at Connaught Hospital in Freetown:a retrospective study

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World Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2023年第1期6卷 1-7页

作者： Henang Kwasau Juliana Kamanda Aiah Lebbie Cesia Cotache-Condor Pamela Espinoza Andie Grimm naomi Wright Emily smith Department of Community Health College of Medicine and Allied Health SciencesUniversity of Sierra LeoneFreetownSierra Leone Department of Surgery Duke School of MedicineDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Duke Global Health Institute Duke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Duke Center for Global Surgery and Health Equity Duke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Department of Public Health Baylor UniversityWacoTexasUSA King’s Centre for Global Health and Health Partnerships King's College LondonLondonUK Department of Emergency Medicine Duke School of MedicineDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA

Background Sub-Saharan Africa experiences a disproportionate amount of pediatric surgical disease,with 80%of children lacking access to timely,affordable,and safe surgical *** study aims to characterize the burden of disease and outcomes of pediatric surgical conditions at Connaught Hospital,the main pediatric referral hospital in Sierra *** This retrospective and hospital-based study included children up to 15 years old who were operated on between 2015 and June 2016 at Connaught Hospital in Freetown,Sierra *** and inferential statistics were used to characterize the distribution of disease and compare all variables against age category and *** A total of 215 patients were included in this study of which 72.5%(n=132)were male and 27.5%(n=50)were *** of the patients were diagnosed with congenital anomalies(60.9%;n=131).However,infection was the leading diagnosis(60.5%;n=23)among patients aged 5–10 years(n=38).Inguinal hernia was the leading condition(65.0%;n=85)among patients presenting with a congenital *** condition with the highest mortality was infections(17.0%;n=8),followed by other conditions(9.1%;n=2)and congenital anomalies(3.1%;n=4).Based on the results of this study,over 7000 children with inguinal hernias remain untreated annually in Freetown,Sierra *** This study quantifies the burden of surgical disease among children,a foundational step toward the prioritization of pediatric surgical care in national health agendas,the development of evidence-based interventions,and the strategic allocation of resources in Sierra Leone.

关键词： surgical pediatric mortality

Improving photosynthetic efficiency toward food security:Strategies,advances,and perspectives

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