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Some Eco-Physiological Characteristics at R4-R5 Stage in Relation to Soybean Yield Differing in Maturities

Agricultural Sciences in China 2004年第6期3卷 425-434页

作者： JINJian LIUXiao-bing WANGGuang-hua sjherbert NortheastInstituteofGeographyandAgro-Ecology ChineseAcademyofSciencesHarbin150040P.R.China DepartmentofPlantandSoilSciences UniversityofMassachusettsAmherstMA01003U.S.A

Digital plant canopy imager and photosynthesis analyzer system were used to analyze thecharacteristics of canopy structure, photosynthetic physiology and micro-environmentalfactors at R4-R5 stage in different yielding soybean cultivars or lines with differentmaturities. The results showed that the common characteristics of high yielding soybeancultivars were high LAI, uniform foliage distribution in all horizontal directions, lessvariance of photosynthetic rate between top and bottom leaves in canopy and relativelyhigher photosynthetic rate of the whole canopy. All these characters combined in allresulted in higher canopy photosynthetic productivity, and pod number, seed number andseed weight per plant, especially pod and seed number in top and middle canopy wereincreased. The characters of high yielding canopy varied among maturities. Light interceptionwas more important to early cultivars. Less foliage inclination angle was benefit tointercept more solar energy during yield formation. As late soybean cultivars had a moreclosure canopy and higher LAI, greater foliage inclination angle in all layers of highyielding canopy made more solar radiation penetrate into canopy, which was beneficial toyield formation.

关键词： Soybean Canopy Eco-physiological characters Yield

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Fertilization Management for Improving Quality Properties of Spring Wheat in Northeast China

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2005年第3期4卷 207-213页

作者： LIUXiao-bing ZHANGQiu-ying[ JINJian WANGGuang-hua sjherbert NortheastInstituteofGeographyandAgroecology ChineseAcademyofSciencesHarbin150040P.R.China DepartmentofPlantandSoilSciences UniversityofMassachusettsAmherstMA01003USA

Fertilization management to improve quality properties of spring wheat cultivars has received little research attention inNortheast China. In this study, the effects of different fertilization management regimes on the quality properties of springwheat cultivar New Kehan 9 (Triticum aestivum L.) were investigated for two years. The results showed that fertilizationconsistently increased wheat yield, and the highest yield was obtained with addition of N, P and NPK fertilizers. The NPKtreatment resulted in 50% more yield than the unfertilized plot. The average increases in protein content from NPK and NP atseeding + N at anthesis over no fertilization and NP fertilizers at seeding were 2.7% and 0.90% respectively. The highestprotein yields were achieved in NPK and NPK + N treatments, and the lowest protein yield was observed in the no fertilizertreatment due to both low protein content and grain yield. Fertilization increased gliadins content, but decreased gluteninscontent, thus the gliadins/glutenins ratios were higher in the fertilization treatments. The most obvious effect of fertilizationon kernel quality was the significant increase of hardness percentage. Although the dough rheological properties werenot strongly changed by fertilization, dry gluten and wet gluten were significantly increased, and the highest breadvolume and bread score were found in the NPK treatment in both years. The application of 3% urea at anthesis, or applying45 kg ha-1 of potassium sulphate at seeding, with urea and diammonium phosphate as basal applications, significantlyincreased protein yield and improved quality properties of this wheat *** words: Fertilization, Yield, Protein contents, Protein fractions, Quality, Spring Wheat

关键词： Fertilization Yield Protein contents Protein fractions Quality Spring Wheat

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Row Spacing in Relation to Competition for Limited Resources in Soybean (Glycine Max L. Merrill)

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Journal of Northeast Agricultural University(English Edition) 2004年第2期11卷 97-107页

作者： LIUXiao-bing sjherbert JINJian MHashemi WANGGuang-hua NortheastInstituteofGeographyandAgro-ecology CASHarbinHeilongjiang150040PRC／／DepartmentofPlantandSoilSciencesUniversityofMassachusettsAmherstMA01003USA DepartmentofPlantandSoilSciences UniversityofMassachusettsAmherstMA01003USA NortheastInstituteofGeographyandAgro-ecology CASHarbinHeilongjiang150040PRC

Growing soybeans in different row-spacings introduces competition. Competition begins when the immediate supply of a single necessary factor falls below the combined demands of all plants. This paper reviews the main competition factors of genotypes, light, water, nutrients and weed in responses to row spacings for the past four decades. It demonstrated that responses of soybean genotypes to row width differ among cultivars, which depend on seasonal rainfall and irrigation. Determinate types produce more yield in narrow-rows, and cultivars with lodging resistance should be adopted in narrow-spacings, but indeterminate soybean should also be used to optimize yields in certain system. Narrow-compared with wide-row soybean (Glycine max) cultivation increases light interception (LI) and dominant components for the increase come from LAI, light extinction coefficients and branch types. Water use efficiency (WUE) and evapotranspiration are not influenced by row spacing, but seed yield could be increased if irrigation is applied. Nutrient uptake is significantly affected by row spacing, seed yields and uptake of N, P, K in plants increases with decreasing row spacing, and the effects depend on the fertilizer levels. Other factors rather than row spacing affect nitrogen fixation. Weed density, peak time and periodicity of weed emergence are not affected by row spacing, but better complementary weed control by the herbicides at the used doses can be obtained in narrow spacing due to the reduced weed number and dry weight. More researches are required to investigate the physiological responses, nutrient and water uptake and translocation, light utilization at different layers of canopy and soil environment changes in different row-spacings.

关键词： row spacings light interception water and nutrient uptake weed control soybean

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