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Insights into the anorexic mechanism of Khat:an integrated in vivo,ex vivo,and in silico investigations

Traditional Medicine Research 2024年第10期9卷 36-51页

作者： Ahmed Ali Jerah Manal Mohamed Elhassan Taha Abdullah Farasani Sivakumar sivagurunathan Moni Emad Sayed Shaheen Andleeb Khan Ibrahim Abdo Khardali Magbool Oraiby Heyam Mohamed Ali Sidahmed Siddig Ibrahim Abdelwahab Department of Medical Laboratory Technology College of Applied Medical SciencesJazan UniversityJazan 45142Saudi Arabia Health Research Centre Jazan UniversityJazan 45142Saudi Arabia Department of Pharmaceutics College of PharmacyJazan UniversityJazan 45142Saudi Arabia Department of Biosciences Faculty of ScienceIntegral UniversityLucknow 226026India Poison Control and Medical Forensic Chemistry Center General Directorate of Health AffairsJazan 45142Saudi Arabia Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Faculty of PharmacyAl-Neelain UniversityKhartoum 16458Sudan

Background:Chewing Khat(Catha edulis)releases cathine and cathinone,which may reduce appetite via an unknown *** study investigated the peripheral and central effects of fresh leaves and buds of Catha edulis water extract(CEWE)on appetite biomarkers,gene expression,and body weight,using in vivo,ex vivo,and in silico ***:Rats of both sexes were orally administered CEWE at different doses and durations in three different *** chromatography-mass spectroscopy(LC-MS)-MS was used to detect cathinone and cathine in the murine *** effect of Khat on serotonin receptors was studied in isolated rat fundus *** of the two Khat ligands was performed on G(The 5-hydroxytryptamine-type 2C receptor(5-HT2C)in an agonist-bound active conformation)and H(5-HT2C in an antagonist-bound inactive conformation)proteins to determine which ligands are most likely to act as agonists or ***:Significant differences(P0.05).The expression of the ghrelin and leptin genes was also unaffected,but the expression of the 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)gene decreased(P<0.05)with CEWE *** antagonizes 5-HT receptors in isolated rat fundus *** findings indicated that the khat ligands bound to 5-HT2C *** and cathinone levels in rat plasma were ***:Khat extract may suppress appetite by antagonizing the 5-HT *** research is required to understand its mechanism and potential applications.

关键词： Catha edulis appetite leptin ghrelin 5-hydroxytryptamine molecular docking

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Solvent effects on hydrogen bonding between primary alcohols and esters

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2006年第11期7卷 1928-1931页

作者： DHARMALINGAM K. RAMACHANDRAN K. sivagurunathan P. Department of Physics Annamalai University Annamalai Nagar 608002 Tamilnadu India

The interaction by hydrogen bond formation of some primary alcohols （ l-heptanol, l-octanol and l-decanol） with esters （methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate and butyl methacrylate） was investigated in non-polar solvents viz., n-heptane, CC14 and benzene by means of FTIR spectroscopy. Formation constants and free energy changes of complex formation were determined. The dependence of the equilibrium constants and free energy changes of complex formation on the alkyl chain length of both the alcohols and esters are discussed. The solvent interaction between the solute and solvent. effect on the hydrogen bond formation is discussed in terms of specific

关键词： FTIR spectroscopy Primary alcohols Esters Hydrogen bonding Solvent effect

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Dielectric Relaxation of Methyl Methacrylate and Ethyl Methacrylate on Complexation with Phenols

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物理化学学报 2007年第4期23卷 513-516页

作者： LIAKATHALIKHAN Faize sivagurunathan Periyasamy Department of Physics Annamalai University Annamalai Nagar Tamil Nadu-608 002 India

Dielectric absorption studies of H-bonded complexes of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and ethyl methacrylate (EMA) with p-cresol, p-chlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, and p-bromophenol were studied at microwave frequency 9.37 GHz in dilute solution of carbon tetrachloride at 308 K. Different dielectric parameters like dielectric constantε′ and dielectric loss ε″ at microwave frequency, static dielectric constant ε_0 and dielectric constant ε_∞ at optical frequency were determined. The validity of the single frequency equation of Higasi et al. for multiple relaxation time τ_(1) was found to be a function of the hydrogen bonding strength of phenolic hydrogen, whereas the group rotation relaxation time τ_(2) was a function of the steric interaction of proton donor. The relaxation time was the maximum at 50∶50 (molar ratio) of methacrylates with phenols.

关键词：化学制品丙烯酸酯电介质微波

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Boosting Pseudocapacitive Behavior of Supercapattery Electrodes by Incorporating a Schottky Junction for Ultrahigh Energy Density

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Nano-Micro Letters 2023年第5期15卷 15-35页

作者： Selvaraj Seenivasan Kyu In Shim Chaesung Lim Thangavel Kavinkumar Amarnath T.sivagurunathan Jeong Woo Han Do-Heyoung Kim School of Chemical Engineering Chonnam National University77 Yongbong-RoGwangju 61186Republic of Korea Division of Environmental Science and Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology(POSTECH)Pohang 37673Republic of Korea Department of Chemical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology(POSTECH)Pohang 37673Republic of Korea

Pseudo-capacitive negative electrodes remain a major bottleneck in the development of supercapacitor devices with high energy density because the electric double-layer capacitance of the negative electrodes does not match the pseudocapacitance of the corresponding positive *** the present study,a strategically improved Ni-Co-Mo sulfide is demonstrated to be a promising candidate for high energy density supercapattery devices due to its sustained pseudocapacitive charge storage *** pseudocapacitive behavior is enhanced when operating under a high current through the addition of a classical Schottky junction next to the electrode-electrolyte interface using atomic layer *** Schottky junction accelerates and decelerates the diffusion of OH-/K+ions during the charging and discharging processes,respectively,to improve the pseudocapacitive *** resulting pseudocapacitive negative electrodes exhibits a specific capacity of 2,114 C g^(-1)at 2 A g^(-1)matches almost that of the positive electrode’s 2,795 C g^(-1)at 3 A g^(-1).As a result,with the equivalent contribution from the positive and negative electrodes,an energy density of 236.1 Wh kg^(-1)is achieved at a power density of 921.9 W kg^(-1)with a total active mass of 15 mg *** strategy demonstrates the possibility of producing supercapacitors that adapt well to the supercapattery zone of a Ragone plot and that are equal to batteries in terms of energy density,thus,offering a route for further advances in electrochemical energy storage and conversion processes.

关键词： Pseudo-capacitance Negative electrode Supercapattery Atomic layer deposition Energy density

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FTIR Spectroscopic Studies on Molecular Interaction between Alcohols and N,N-dimethylacetamide

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物理化学学报 2007年第3期23卷 295-298页

作者： sivagurunathan P RAMACHANDRAN K DHARMALINGAM K Department of PhysicsAnnamalai University

The association between alcohols and N,N-dimethylacetamide in carbon tetrachloride was investigated using FTIR spectroscopy at 298 *** formation constants for 1∶1 and 1∶2 complexes were calculated using the method of Whetsel and *** observed 1∶1 complex values were also verified using the method of *** rate of change in C=O bond moment on complexing with alcohols increased with increasing acidity of *** formation constant and values of free energy change increased with the increase in carbon chain length of alcohols,which suggested that the degree of complex formation varied with the length of the carbon chain of alcohols.

关键词：光谱学混合物酒精化学反应

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Hydrogen Bonding Interaction between N-methylformamide and Alcohols

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物理化学学报 2006年第12期22卷 1560-1562页

作者： RAMACHANDRAN Krishnamurthy DHARMALINGAM Kurunthu sivagurunathan Periyasamy Department ofPhysics Annamalai University Annamalai Nagar608002Tamil NaduIndiaDepartment ofPhysicsAnnamalai UniversityAnnamalai Nagar608002Tamil NaduIndiaDepartment ofPhysicsAnnamalai UniversityAnnamalai Nagar608002Tamil NaduIndia

The hydrogen bonding interactions between N-methylformamide and primary,secondary,and tertiary alcohols have been studied using the FTIR spectroscopic *** most likely association complex between alcohol and N-methylformamide is the 1∶1 stoichiometric complex formed between the hydroxyl group of alcohol and the carbonyl group of *** formation constant of the 1∶1 complexes has been calculated using the Nash *** appears that the primary alcohols have larger formation constant compared with the secondary and tertiary *** results showed that the proton-donating ability of the alcohols decreased in the order:primary>secondary>tertiary,and that the association constant increased with the increase in carbon chain of the alkyl group of alcohols.

关键词：酒精氢结合物光谱学

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时域反射谱法研究烷基丙烯酸酯与酚复合的介电弛豫(英文)

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物理化学学报 2007年第5期23卷 709-712页

作者： LIAKATH ALI KHAN F. sivagurunathan P. MEHROTRA S. C. Annamalai University Annamalai Nagar Tamil Nadu-608 002 India Dr. B.A.M. University Aurangabad-431 004 Maharashtra India

The dielectric relaxation measurements on binary mixtures of esters (methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, and butyl acrylate) with phenol derivatives (p-cresol, p-chlorophenol, and 2,4-dichlorophenol) were carried out at different concentrations at 303 K using the time domain reflectometry (TDR) over the frequency range from 10 MHz to 20 GHz. The Kirkwood correlation factor and excess inverse relaxation time were determined and discussed to yield information on the molecular interactions of the systems. The relaxation time increased with increasing concentration of phenols and increasing chain length of esters. The excess inverse relaxation time values were negative for all the systems, which indicated the solute-solvent interaction existing between esters and phenols producing a field in such a way that the effective dipole rotation was hindered.

关键词：烷基丙烯酸盐苯酚络合作用时域反射计介电松弛

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时域反射光谱法研究酰胺-醇混合物的介电驰豫(英文)

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物理化学学报 2007年第10期23卷 1508-1514页

作者： RAMACHANDRAN K. sivagurunathan P. DHARMALINGAM K. MEHROTRA S. C. Department of Physics SRM UniversityKattankulathur-603 203TamilnaduIndia Department of Physics Annamalai UniversityAnnamalai Nagar-608 002TamilnaduIndia Department of Electronics and Computer Science Dr. B. A. M. UniversityAurangabad-431 004MaharashtraIndia

Using time domain reflectometry (TDR),dielectric relaxation studies were carried out on binary mixtures of amides (N-methylformamide (NMF) and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF)) with alcohols (1-butanol,1-pentanol,1-hexanol,1-heptanol,1-octanol,and 1-decanol) for various concentrations over the frequency range from 10 MHz to 10 GHz at 303 K. The Kirkwood correlation factor and excess dielectric constant properties were determined and discussed to yield information on the molecular interactions of the systems. The relaxation time varied with the chain length of alcohols and substituted amides were noticed. The Bruggeman plot shows a deviation from linearity. This deviation was attributed to some sort of molecular interaction which may take place between the alcohols and substituted amides. The excess static permittivity and excess inverse relaxation time values varied from negative to positive for all the systems indicating that the solute-solvent interaction existed between alcohols and substituted amides for all the dynamics of the mixture.

关键词：介电松弛时域反射计氨基化合物甲醇混合试剂

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Dielectric Relaxation Properties of Alcohols and Acrylic Esters

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物理化学学报 2007年第1期23卷 50-54页

作者： DHARMALINGAM K. RAMACHANDRAN K. sivagurunathan P. KALAMSE G. M. Department of Physics Annamalai University Annamalai Nagar-608002 Tamilnadu India Postgraduate Department of Physics Science College Nanded-431605 Maharashtra India

Dielectric relaxation of alcohols (1-propanol, 1-butanol, sec-butanol, tert-butanol, 1-pentanol, 1-heptanol, 1-octanol, and 1-decanol) with acrylic esters (methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, and butyl methacrylate) at 9.84 GHz were studied in n-heptane at 298 K. The result showed that 1∶1 complex was predominant in these systems. The relaxation time showed a linear dependence with alkyl chain length of both alcohols and acrylic esters, but the dielectric constant showed a reverse trend. A comparative study of the free energy of activation for the dielectric relaxation and viscous flow suggested that a greater interference by neighboring atom was observed in the process of viscous flow than in dielectric relaxation, as the latter involved rotational form of motion, whereas the viscous flow involved both rotational and translational forms of motion.

关键词：绝缘的松驰白酒丙烯酸的酉旨氢结合溶剂效果

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Immune Augmentation of Injectable PLGA – Dextran (PLDEX) a Double Polymeric Microspheres as an Adjuvant for Hepatitis B Vaccine

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World Journal of Vaccines 2011年第3期1卷 104-108页

作者： Sivakumar sivagurunathan Moni Sukumaran Natarajapillai Mohammed M. Safhi Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology College of Pharmacy Jazan University Jazan Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

A new method has been developed to prepare microspheres by blending PLGA and dextran polymers (PLDEX) using solvent evaporation technique. Recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (HBsAg) was incorporated in to the double polymeric system. The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of PLDEX polymeric microspheres as an adjuvant for hepatitis B vaccine (HBsAg). The present study demonstrates the immunogenicity profile of HBsAg encapsulated in PLDEX and compared their efficacy with alum adsorbed HBsAg. The single intramuscular injection of HBsAg loaded PLDEX microspheres in Wistar rats resulted satisfactory antibody titers. Based on in vivo findings PLDEX microspheres were able induce satisfactory immune response.

关键词： HBsAg PLGA – Dextran Microspheres Vaccine Delivery Immunogenicity

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