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Experimental and Numerical Analysis of a PCM-Integrated Roof for Higher Thermal Performance of Buildings

Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第2期33卷 522-536页

作者： simon françois RUIZ-VALERO Letzai GIRARD Aymeric GALLEGUILLOS Hector Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable(CEDEUS) Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile7500000SantiagoChile Facultad de Ciencias e Ingeniería Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra(PUCMM)10103Santo DomingoDominican Republic LMGC IMT Mines AlesUniv MontpellierCNRS30100AlèsFrance Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Universidad Adolfo Ibañez2520000Viña del MarChile Centro de Desarrollo Energético Antofagasta(CDEA) Universidad de Antofagasta1240000AntofagastaChile

Phase change materials(PCMs) designate materials able to store latent *** change state from solid to liquid over a defined temperature *** process is reversible and can be used for thermo-technical *** present paper aims to study the thermal performance of an inorganic eutectic PCM integrated into the rooftop slab of a test room and analyze its potential for building thermal *** experiment is conducted in two test rooms in Antofagasta(Chile) during summer,fall,and *** PCM is integrated into the rooftop of the first test room,while the roof panel of the second room is a sealed air *** work introduces a numerical model,which is built using the finite difference method and used to simulate the rooms' thermal *** thermal simulations of the PCM room are performed for other Chilean locations to evaluate and compare the capability of the PCM panel to store latent heat thermal energy in different *** show that the indoor temperature of the PCM room in Antofagasta varies only 21.1℃±10.6℃,while the one of the air-panel room varies 28.3℃±18.5℃.Under the experiment's conditions,the PCM room's indoor temperature observes smoother diurnal fluctuations,with lower maximum and higher minimum indoor temperatures than that of the air-panel *** simulations in other cities show that the PCM panel has a better thermal performance during winter,as it helps to maintain or increase the room temperature by some degrees to reach comfort *** demonstrates that the implementation of such PCM in the building envelope can effectively reduce space heating and cooling needs,and improve indoor thermal comfort in different climates of Chile.

关键词： phase change material thermal energy storage building space heating and cooling energy efficiency designbuilder

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Modeling of 3-D Losses and Deviations in a Throughflow Analysis Tool

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Journal of Thermal Science 2007年第3期16卷 208-214页

作者： Jean-fran■ois simon OlivierLéonard Techspace Aero-Aerodynamic Group University

This contribution is dedicated to the modeling of the end-wall flows in a throughflow model for turbomachinery applications. The throughflow model is based on the Euler or Navier-Stokes equations solved by a Finite-Volume technique. Two approaches are presented for the end-wall modeling. The first one is based on an inviscid formulation with dedicated 3-D distributions of loss coefficient and deviation in the end-wall regions. The second approach is directly based on a viscous formulation with no-slip boundary condition along the annular end-walls and blade force modification in the region close to the end-walls. The throughflow results are compared to a series of 3-D Navier-Stokes calculations averaged in the circumferential direction. These 3-D calculations were performed on the three rotors of a low pressure axial compressor, for a series of tip clearance values.

关键词： throughflow losses deviations axial compressors

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Behavioral and physiological flexibility are used by birds to manage energy and support investment in the early stages of reproduction

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Current Zoology 2010年第6期56卷 767-792页

作者： franois VZINA Katrina G. SALVANTE Département de Biologie chimie et géographieGroupe de recherche sur les environnements nordiques BORASUniversité du Québec à Rimouski Department of Biological Sciences Simon Fraser University

Interest in phenotypic flexibility has increased dramatically over the last decade, but flexibility during reproduction has received relatively little attention from avian scientists, despite its possible impact on fitness. Because most avian species maintain atrophied reproductive organs when not active, reproduction in birds requires major tissue remodeling in preparation for breeding. Females undergo rapid （days） recrudescence and regression of their reproductive organs at each breeding attempt, while males grow their organs ahead of time at a much slower rate （weeks） and may maintain them at maximal size throughout the breeding season. Reproduction is associated with significant metabolic costs. Egg production leads to a 22%-27% increase in resting metabolic rate （RMR） over non-reproductive values. This is partly due to the activity of the oviduct, an organ that may allow females to adjust reproductive investment by modulating egg size and quality. In males, gonadal recrudescence may lead to a 30% increase in RMR, but the data are inconsistent and general conclusions regarding energetic costs of reproduction in males will require more research. Recent studies on captive female zebra finches describe the impacts of these costs on daily energy budgets and highlight the strategies used by birds to maintain their investment in reproduction when energy is limited. Whenever possible, birds use behavioral flexibility as a first means of saving energy. Decreasing locomotor activity saves energy during challenges such as egg production or exposure to cold temperatures and is an efficient way to buffer variation in individual daily energy budgets. However, when behavioral flexibility is not possible, birds must rely on flexibility at the physiological level to meet energy demands. In zebra finches breeding in the cold, this results in a reduced pace of laying, likely due to down-regulation of both reproductive and non-reproductive function, allowing females to defend mini

关键词： Phenotypic plasticity Phenotypic flexibility BMR Energy budget Organ Egg size Physiological tradeoff Fitness

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Population isolation shapes plant genetics, phenotype and germination in naturally patchy ecosystems

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第4期10卷 649-659页

作者： Laurent De Vriendt Marc-AndréLemay Martine Jean Sébastien Renaut Stéphanie Pellerin simon Joly françois Belzile Monique Poulin Département de Phytologie Facultédes Sciences de l’Agriculture et de l’AlimentationUniversitéLaval2425 rue de l’agriculture QuébecQuébec G1V 0A6Canada Québec Center for Biodiversity Science Department of BiologyMcGill UniversityStewart Biology Building1205 Dr.Penfield AvenueMontréal H3A 1B1Canada Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes(IBIS) UniversitéLaval1030 avenue de la MédecineQuébec G1V 0A6Canada Institut de recherche en biologie végétale Département des Sciences biologiquesUniversitéde Montréal4101 Sherbrooke EstMontréal H1X 2B2Canada Jardin botanique de Montréal 4101 Sherbrooke EstMontréal H1X 2B2Canada

Aims Habitat connectivity is important in conservation since isolation can diminish the potential of a population for adaptation and increase its risk of ***,conservation of naturally patchy ecosystems such as peatlands has mainly focused on preserving specific sites with exceptional characteristics,neglecting the poten-tial interconnectivity between *** order to better under-stand plant dynamics within a peatland network,we assessed the effect of population isolation on genetic distinctiveness,phenotypic variations and germination rates using the peatland-obligate white-fringed orchid(Platanthera blephariglottis).Methods Fifteen phenotypic traits were measured for 24 individuals per pop-ulation(20 distinct populations,Quebec,Canada)and germination rates of nearly 20000 seeds were *** distinctiveness was quantified for 26 populations using single nucleotide polymor-phism markers obtained via a pooled genotyping-by-sequencing *** isolation was measured as the distance to the nearest population and as the number of populations occurring in concentric buffer zones(within a radius of 2,5 and 10 km)around the studied *** Findings All phenotypic traits showed significant differences among *** results also indicated a pattern of isolation-by-distance,which suggests that seed and/or pollen exchange is restricted ***,all phenotypic traits,as well as a reduced germination rate,were correlated with either geographic isolation or genetic *** conclude that geographic iso-lation likely restricts gene flow,which in turn may affect ***,it is imperative that conservation programs take into account the patchy nature of such ecosystems,rather than targeting a few specific sites with exceptional character for preservation.

关键词： trait variation population genetics peatland orchid Platanthera blepharigottis genotyping by sequencing GBS

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Neuroflament light and heterogeneity of disease progression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis:development and validation of a prediction model to improve interventional trials

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2021年第3期10卷 400-411页

作者： simon Witzel Felix Frauhammer† Petra Steinacker David Devos Pierre‑françois Pradat Vincent Meininger Stefen Halbgebauer Patrick Oeckl Joachim Schuster simon Anders Johannes Dorst Markus Otto Albert C.Ludolph Department of Neurology University of UlmUlmGermany Center for Molecular Biology Heidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany Depart‑ment of Medical Pharmacology Expert center for ParkinsonCHU‑LilleLille Neuroscience and CognitionInsermUMR‑S1172LICENDNS‑Park NetworkUniversity of LilleLilleFrance Laboratoire D’Imagerie Biomédicale Sorbonne UniversitéCNRSINSERMParisFrance APHP Département de NeurologieHôpital Pitié-SalpêtrièreParisFrance German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases(DZNE)Site Ulm UlmGermany

Background:Interventional trials in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)sufer from the heterogeneity of the disease as it considerably reduces statistical *** asked if blood neuroflament light chains(NfL)could be used to antici‑pate disease progression and increase trial ***:In 125 patients with ALS from three independent prospective studies-one observational study and two interventional trials-we developed and externally validated a multivariate linear model for predicting disease pro‑gression,measured by the monthly decrease of the ALS Functional Rating Scale Revised(ALSFRS-R)*** trained the prediction model in the observational study and tested the predictive value of the following parameters assessed at diagnosis:NfL levels,sex,age,site of onset,body mass index,disease duration,ALSFRS-R score,and monthly ALSFRS-R score decrease since disease *** then applied the resulting model in the other two study cohorts to assess the actual utility for interventional *** analyzed the impact on trial power in mixed-efects models and compared the performance of the NfL model with two currently used predictive approaches,which anticipate disease progression using the ALSFRS-R decrease during a three-month observational period(lead-in)or since disease onset(ΔFRS).Results:Among the parameters provided,the NfL levels(P<0.001)and the interaction with site of onset(P<0.01)contributed signifcantly to the prediction,forming a robust NfL prediction model(R=0.67).Model application in the trial cohorts confrmed its applicability and revealed superiority over lead-in andΔFRS-based *** NfL model improved statistical power by 61%and 22%(95%confdence intervals:54%-66%,7%-29%).Conclusion:The use of the NfL-based prediction model to compensate for clinical heterogeneity in ALS could signif‑cantly increase the trial ***00868166,registered March23,2009;NCT02306590,registered December 2,2014.

关键词： Neuroflament light Prediction model Disease progression Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Interventional trials Statistical power

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EtherClue:Digital investigation of attacks on Ethereum smart contracts

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Blockchain(Research and Applications) 2021年第4期2卷 12-29页

作者： simon Joseph Aquilina fran Casino Mark Vella Joshua Ellul Constantinos Patsakis Department of Computer Science University of MaltaMsidaMSD 2080Malta Department of Informatics University of PiraeusPiraeus18534Greece Information Management Systems Institute Athena Research CenterMarousi15125Greece Centre for Distributed Ledger Technologies University of MaltaMsidaMSD 2080Malta

Programming errors in Ethereum smart contracts can result in catastrophic financial losses from stolen *** vulnerability detectors can prevent vulnerable contracts from being deployed,this does not mean that such contracts will not be *** a vulnerable contract is instantiated on the blockchain and becomes the target of attacks,the identification of exploit transactions becomes indispensable in assessing whether it has been actually exploited and identifying which malicious or subverted accounts were *** this work,we study the problem of post-factum investigation of Ethereum attacks using Indicators of Compromise(IoC)specially crafted for use in the *** definitions need to capture the side-effects of successful exploitation in the context of the Ethereum ***,we define a model for smart contract execution,comprising multiple abstraction levels that mirror the multiple views of code execution on a ***,we compare IoCs defined across the different levels in terms of their effectiveness and practicality through EtherClue,a prototype tool for investigating Ethereum security *** results illustrate that coarse-grained IoCs defined over blocks of transactions can detect exploit transactions with less ***,they are contract-specific and suffer from false *** the other hand,fine-grained IoCs defined over virtual machine instructions can avoid these pitfalls at the expense of increased computation,which is nevertheless applicable for practical use.

关键词： Blockchain forensics Ethereum attacks Indicators of compromise Ethereum operational semantics

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sTREM-1 is a specific biomarker of TREM-1 pathway activation

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2021年第8期18卷 2054-2056页

作者： Lucie Jolly Kévin Carrasco Margarita Salcedo-Magguilli Jean-Jacques Garaud simon Lambden Tom van der Poll Alexandre Mebazaa Pierre-françois Laterre Sebastien Gibot Amir Boufenzer Marc Derive Inotrem Vandœuvre-lès-NancyFrance Division of Infectious Diseases Amsterdam University Medical CentersUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands Intensive Care Unit Saint Louis-Lariboisière-Fernand Widal University HospitalAssistance Publique Hôpitaux de Parisand Universitéde ParisInserm MASCOTParisFrance Intensive Care Unit UniversitéCatholique de LouvainLouvain-la-NeuveBelgium Intensive Care Unit CHRU de Nancyand Universitéde LorraineNancyFrance

TREM-1(triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1)is a transmembrane receptor expressed by innate immune cells,including endothelial cells and ***-1 is a crucial mediator of septic shock that acts by synergizing with Toll-like receptors(TLRs)to amplify the inflammatory responses to pathogens,thus promoting sepsis-induced immune dysregulation and organ dysfunction[1,2,3].

关键词： immune myeloid activation

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A set of ecosystem service indicators for European grasslands based on botanical surveys

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Grassland Research 2024年第1期3卷 43-56页

作者： simon Taugourdeau Frédérique Louault Alice Michelot-Antalik Samir Messad françois Munoz Denis Bastianelli Pascal Carrère Sylvain Plantureux CIRAD UMR SELMETMontpellierFrance CIRAD INRAEInstitut AgroSELMETUniversitéMontpellierMontpellierFrance INRAE VetAgro Sup UREPUniversitéClermont AuvergneClermont-FerrandFrance INRAE LAEUniversitéde LorraineNancyFrance Laboratoire interdisciplinaire de physique Grenoble Alpes University HospitalGrenobleFrance

Background:Grasslands provide a wide range of ecosystem services(ESs).However,there is currently no method for easily diagnosing the level of ESs *** aim was to develop ES indicators based on botanical surveys,which are readily available data and integrative of grassland spatiotemporal ***:Based on academic knowledge and expertise,we identiﬁed several simple vegetation criteria that we aggregated using a multicriteria analysis tool to construct indicators of the level of ESs provided by *** this study,the indicators were calculated from over 2000 botanical surveys spread over a wide biogeographical ***:Analyses of correlation between the various indicators show that“forage supply”and“diversity conservation”were not correlated.“Forage availability”and“nitrogen availability for the vegetation”were positively linked together and negatively linked to the robustness of the plant community to extreme events.A temporal approach highlights that the“biodiversity conservation”score decreased from 1970 to 2010 and that“nitrogen availability for the vegetation”was lower in 1970 and 1980 than in 2000 and ***:These results show that our aggregation method based on a large data set of botanical surveys could be appropriate for studying temporal dynamics of ESs.

关键词： biodiversity conservation ecosystem resilience environmental modelling forage functional traits meadows nitrogen availability plant communities

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Normalized Area Solar Cell and Potential Applications

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2017年第5期5卷 1106-1112页

作者： Marcel Pasquinelli Jean-Jacques simon Judikael Le Rouzo fran?ois Flory Ludovic Escoubas Aix Marseille Université CNRS Université de Toulon IM2NP UMR 7334 Marseille France

Nowadays in laboratories and in industries, distribution of solar cells sizes could be very large, hence;for the first time it is rather difficult to compare photovoltaic parameters which are size dependent (current, serial resistance, shunt resistance...) and performances of these cells. Also, it will be useful for scale effect to extrapolate performances calculated on a unit size solar cell to commercial products, especially in the case of heterogeneous wafers used for the device.

关键词： Photovoltaic Solar Cell Efficiency Serial Resistance Shunt Resistance

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Mathematical Modeling of Shear Stress and Direct Shear Test for Compressible Soil: Case of Soil Bordering the Wouri River

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World Journal of Engineering and Technology 2021年第3期9卷 385-406页

作者： Michael Soup Teoua Ouagni françois Ngapgue Fabien Kenmogne Alain Soup Tewa Kammogne simon Ngoh Koumi Dschang School of Science and Technology (DSST) Department of Physics Mechanical Unit of Research and Modeling Physical Systems Energy-Mechanic University of Dschang Cameroon Dschang Cameroon Department of Civil Engineering Fotso Victor Institute of Technology University of Dschang Bandjoun Cameroon Department of Civil Engineering Higher Teacher Training College of Technical Education University of Douala Douala Cameroon Laboratory of Condensed Matter Electronics and Signal Processing (LAMACETS) Faculty of Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Department Thermal Engineering and Energy Douala University Institute of Technology Douala Cameroon

This paper focuses on the development of the mathematical model of shear stress by direct shear test for compressible soil of the littoral region, which will be a great tool in the hand of geotechnical engineers. The most common use of a shear test is to determine the shear strength which is the maximum shear stress that a material can withstand before the failure occurs. This parameter is useful in many engineering designs such as foundations, roads and retaining walls. We carried out an experimental laboratory test of ten samples of undisturbed soil taken at different points of the border of Wouri river of Cameroon. The samples were collected at different depths and a direct shear test was conducted. The investigations have been performed under constant vertical stresses and constant sample volume with the aim to determine the frictional angle and the cohesion of the compressible soil which are so important to establish the conditions of buildings stability. Special care was taken to derive loading conditions actually existing in the ground and to duplicate them in the laboratory. Given that the buildings constructed in this area are subjected to settlement, landslide, and punch break or shear failure, the cohesion and the frictional angle are determined through the rupture line after assessed the mean values of the shear stress for the considered ten samples. The bearing capacity of the soil, which is the fundamental soil parameter, was calculated. From the laboratory experimental results, the least squared method was used to derive an approximated mathematical model of the shearing stress. Many optimizations methods were then considered to reach the best adjustment.

关键词： Direct Shear Test Normal and Critical Stresses Frictional Angle Bearing Capacity Mathematical Model

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