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A cognitive model＇s view of animal cognition

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Current Zoology 2011年第4期57卷 499-513页

作者： sidney d'MELLO Stan FRANKLIN department of Psychology University of Memphis Memphis TN 38152 USA Institute of Intelligent Systems University of Memphis Memphis TN 38152 USA

Although it is a relatively new field of study, the animal cognition literature is quite extensive and difficult to synthesize. This paper explores the contributions a comprehensive, computational, cognitive model can make toward organizing and assimilating this literature, as well as toward identifying important concepts and their interrelations. Using the LIdA model as an example, a framework is described within which to integrate the diverse research in animal cognition. Such a framework can provide both an ontology of concepts and their relations, and a working model of an animal＇s cognitive processes that can compliment active empirical research. In addition to helping to account for a broad range of cognitive processes, such a model can help to comparatively assess the cognitive capabilities of different animal species. After deriving an ontology for animal cognition from the LIdA model, we apply it to develop the beginnings of a database that maps the cognitive facilities of a variety of animal species. We conclude by discussing future avenues of research, particularly the use of computational models of animal cognition as valuable tools for hypotheses generation and testing [Current Zoology 57 （4）： 499-513, 2011].

关键词： Cognitive models Computational models LIdA Ontology Taxonomy

Anti-inflammatory potential of human corneal stroma-derived stem cells determined by a novel in vitro corneal epithelial injury model

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2019年第2期11卷 84-99页

作者： Mariana Lizeth Orozco Morales Nagi M Marsit Owen d McIntosh Andrew Hopkinson Laura E sidney Academic Ophthalmology Division of Clinical Neuroscience University of Nottingham

BACKGROUNd An in vitro injury model mimicking a corneal surface injury was optimised using human corneal epithelial cells(hCEC).AIM To investigate whether corneal-stroma derived stem cells(CSSC) seeded on an amniotic membrane(AM) construct manifests an anti-inflammatory, healing *** Treatment of hCEC with ethanol and pro-inflammatory cytokines were compared in terms of viability loss, cytotoxicity, and pro-inflammatory cytokine release, in order to generate the in vitro injury. This resulted in an optimal injury of 20%(v/v) ethanol for 30 s with 1 ng/mL interleukin-1(IL-1) beta. Co-culture experiments were performed with CSSC alone and with CSSC-AM *** effect of injury and co-culture on viability, cytotoxicity, IL-6 and IL-8 production, and IL1 B, TNF, IL6, and CXCL8 mRNA expression were *** Co-culture with CSSC inhibited loss of hCEC viability caused by injury. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and polymerase chain reaction showed a significant reduction in the production of IL-6 and IL-8 pro-inflammatory cytokines, and reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression during co-culture with CSSC alone and with the AM construct. These results confirmed the therapeutic potential of the CSSC and the possible use of AM as a cell carrier for application to the ocular *** CSSC were shown to have a potentially therapeutic anti-inflammatory effectwhen treating injured hCEC, demonstrating an important role in corneal regeneration and wound healing, leading to an improved knowledge of their potential use for research and therapeutic purposes.

关键词： Cornea Corneal injuries Injury model Corneal epithelium Corneal stroma-derived stem cells Amnion Anti-inflammatory Cell therapy

Robotic surgery for rectal cancer: Current immediate clinical and oncological outcomes

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第39期20卷 14359-14370页

作者： Sergio Eduardo Alonso Araujo Victor Edmond Seid sidney Klajner department of Gastroenterology University of Sao Paulo Medical School Sao Paulo (SP) 05403-000 Brazil Albert Einstein Hospital Sao Paulo (SP) 05652-901 Brazil

Laparoscopic rectal surgery continues to be a challenging operation associated to a steep learning curve. Robotic surgical systems have dramatically changed minimally invasive surgery. Three-dimensional, magnified and stable view, articulated instruments, and reduction of physiologic tremors leading to superior dexterity and ergonomics. Therefore, robotic platforms could potentially address limitations of laparoscopic rectal surgery. It was aimed at reviewing current literature on short-term clinical and oncological(pathological) outcomes after robotic rectal cancer surgery in comparison with laparoscopic surgery. A systematic review was performed for the period 2002 to 2014. A total of 1776 patients with rectal cancer underwent minimally invasive robotic treatment in 32 studies. After robotic and laparoscopic approach to oncologic rectal surgery, respectively, mean operating time varied from 192-385 min, and from 158-297 min; mean estimated blood loss was between 33 and 283 mL, and between 127 and 300 mL; mean length of stay varied from 4-10 d; and from 6-15 d. Conversion after robotic rectal surgery varied from 0% to 9.4%, and from 0 to 22% after laparoscopy. There was no difference between robotic(0%-41.3%) and laparoscopic(5.5%-29.3%) surgery regarding morbidity and anastomotic complications(respectively, 0%-13.5%, and 0%-11.1%). Regarding immediate oncologic outcomes, respectively among robotic and laparoscopic cases, positive circumferential margins varied from 0% to 7.5%, and from 0% to 8.8%; the mean number of retrieved lymph nodes was between 10 and 20, and between 11 and 21; and the mean distal resection margin was from 0.8 to 4.7 cm, and from 1.9 to 4.5 cm. Robotic rectal cancer surgery is being undertaken by experienced surgeons. However, the quality of the assembled evidence does not support definite conclusions about most studies variables. Robotic rectal cancer surgery is associated to increased costs and operating time. It also seems to be associated

关键词： Surgical procedures Minimally invasive Rectal neoplasms Robotics Colorectal surgery

No evidence demonstrating hepatotoxicity associated with hydroxycitric acid

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第32期15卷 4087-4089页

作者： sidney J Stohs Harry G Preuss Sunny E Ohia Gilbert R Kaats Carl L Keen Lonnie d Williams George A Burdock School of Pharmacy and Health Professions Creighton University Medical Center4967 Stillwater TrailFriscoTX 75034United States

Although a number of cases of hepatotoxicity are associated with the use of Hydroxycut weight management products, it has been alleged that their effects are primarily due to the presence of hydroxycitric acid (HCA, as Super CitriMax) in the formulations. However, while these products contain up to 20 different ingredients, some do not contain HCA. Case studies reported to date have not considered in depth the literature on the numerous animal and human studies that have been conducted on the safety and effi cacy of HCA. No HCA-associated hepatotoxicity or treatment-related adverse effects have been reported in these studies, and thus it is premature to make the assumptions presented in the recent case studies regarding Hydroxycut. If it is established in well controlled studies that the use of these formulations with and/or without HCA can result in the occurrence or progression of hepatotoxicity, additional studies should be conducted to characterize the causative factor(s).

关键词： Hydroxycitric acid Super CitriMax Hydroxycitric acid-SX Garcinia cambogia Hydroxycut Liver failure Hepatotoxicity Safety and efficacy

Three-year follow-up in advanced pediatric keratoconus:thin corneas may not have pachymetry properly assessed after crosslinking

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2020年第10期13卷 1561-1566页

作者： Rosalia Antunes-Foschini sidney Júlio Faria-e-Sousa Hospital das Clínicas Medical School of Ribeirao PretoUniversity of Sao PauloRibeirao Preto 14049-900Brazil department of Ophthalmology OtorhinolaryngologyHead and Neck SurgeryMedical School of Ribeirao PretoUniversity of Sao PauloRibeirao Preto 14049-900Brazil

AIM:To analyze the crosslinking(CXL)effects in pediatric keratoconus,and to identify the patients’corneal characteristics whose pachymetry could not be adequately evaluated by Scheimpflug method after ***:Consecutive pediatric patients with progressive keratoconus underwent CXL were ***-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)and spheric equivalent(SE)were measured before and after *** CXL,groups 1 and 2 were divided based on the posterior surface Pentacam quality specifications(QS):"OK"(Group 1)and"not OK"(Group 2).The mean(RmF and RmB)and minimum(RminF and RminB)radius of curvatures of the anterior and posterior corneal surfaces,and the thinnest pachymetry(Pmin)were measured preoperatively at 3,6,12,24,and 36 *** was ***:Twenty-six patients(14 men,mean age 14±1.8 y)and median Kmax of 59.9 d initially and 61.4 d preoperatively were *** was not different before and 24 mo after *** 2 statistically differed to group 1 in that SE was more myopic before and with no difference 24 mo after CXL;RmF and RmB were steeper and Pmin was thinner *** 2,in which pachymetric changes could not be adequately evaluated after surgery,presented with significant RmF flattening,a shift to hyperopia,and more haze after ***:Patients whose pachymetry could not be adequately evaluated after CXL had steeper and thinner corneas before *** predictive factors for impaired QS after CXL are RmF,RmB,and *** advanced keratoconus,alternative methods to analyze pachymetry and the posterior surface should be considered.

关键词： keratoconus cross-linking corneal pachymetry corneal topography corneal opacity

Mouse models of medulloblastoma

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Chinese Journal of Cancer 2011年第7期30卷 442-449页

作者： Paul A.Northcott sidney Croul Michael d.Taylor Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Center Hospital for Sick Children

Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor. despite its prevalence and importance in pediatric neuro-oncology, the genes and pathways responsible for its initiation, maintenance, and progression remain poorly understood. Genetically engineered mouse models are an essential tool for uncovering the molecular and cellular basis of human diseases, including cancer, and serve a valuable role as preclinical models for testing targeted therapies. In this review, we summarize how such models have been successfully applied to the study of medulloblastoma over the past decade and what we might expect in the coming years.

关键词：小鼠模型母细胞遗传工程人类疾病脑肿瘤发病率小儿神经

Legal opinion letters formbook 2nd ed.

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Legal opinion letters formbook 2nd ed.

The adaptor function of Trs20 in mammalian TRAPPs explains Trs20-associated SEdT and Trsl20-associated congenital intellectual disability

2003年

作者： A. sidney Holderness Jr. Brooke Wunnicke editors

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The adaptor function of Trs20 in mammalian TRAPPs explains T...

Method to assess component contribution to toxicity of complex mixtures： Assessment of puberty acquisition in rats exposed to disinfection byproducts

“细胞活动生命活力”——中国细胞生物学学会全体会员代表大会暨第十二次学术大会

作者： sidney Yu School of Biomedical Sciences and 2Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center The Chinese University of Hong KongShatinN.T.Hong Kong SARP.R.China

The TRAPP(Transport protein particle) complex is a conserved protein complex functioning at various steps in vesicle *** yeast has three functionally and structurally distinct forms, TRAPPⅠ,ⅡandⅢ,emerging evidence suggests that mammalian TRAPP complex may be different. Mutations in the Trs20 subunit cause X-linked spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda,while mutations in the Trs120 subunit cause postnatal mental retardation with *** structural interplay between these subunits found in mammalian equivalent of TRAPPⅠand those specific to TRAPPⅡand TRAPPⅢremains largely unknown and we undertook the present study to examine the interaction between these ***,we reveal that the mammalian equivalent of the TRAPPⅡcomplex is structurally distinct from the yeast counterpart thus leading to insight into mechanism of *** analyzed how TRAPPⅡ-or TRAPPⅢ- specific subunits interact with the six-subunit core complex of TRAPP by co-immunoprecipitation in mammalian ***20 binds to TRAPPⅡ-specific subunit Trsl20,which in turn binds to ***,Trs20 can also bind to the putative TRAPPⅢ-specific subunit,Trs85. Endogenous Trsl20-positive TRAPPⅡcomplex does not contain Trs85,suggesting that Trs20 binds to either Trs120 or Trs85 during the formation of the mammalian equivalents of TRAPPⅡor TRAPPⅢ, ***,Trs20 serves as an adaptor for the formation of these complexes.A disease-causing mutation of Trs20,d47Y,failed to interact with either Trs120 or Trs85,suggesting that aspartate 47 in Trs20 is at or near the site of interaction with Trs120 or Trs85,mediating the formation of TRAPPⅡand/or TRAPPⅢ.Furthermore,disease-causing deletional mutants of Trs120 all failed to interact with Trs20 and ***20 serves as an adaptor for the formation of TRAPPⅡor TRAPPⅢin mammalian *** mammalian equivalent of TRAPPⅡis likely different from the yeast TRAPPⅡstructurally.

关键词： TRAPP SEdT Vesicle traffic

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第8期29卷 311-321页

作者： Shahid Parvez Glenn E.Rice Linda K.Teuschler Jane Ellen Simmons Thomas F.Speth Susan d.Richardson Richard J.Miltner E.sidney Hunter Ⅲ Jonathan G.Pressman Lillian F.Strader Gary R.Klinefelter Jerome M.Goldman Michael G.Narotsky Indiana University Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health Department of Environmental Health Sciences IUPUI Campus Indianapolis IN 46202 USA National Center for Environmental Assessment Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati OH 45268 USA Lincla Teuschler and Associates St. Petersburg FL 33707 USA National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park NC 27711 USA National Risk Management Research Laboratory Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati OH 45268 USA department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina Columbia SC 29208 USA

A method based on regression modeling was developed to discern the contribution of component chemicals to the toxicity of highly complex, environmentally realistic mixtures of disinfection byproducts（dBPs）. Chemical disinfection of drinking water forms dBP *** of concerns about possible reproductive and developmental toxicity, a whole mixture（WM） of dBPs produced by chlorination of a water concentrate was administered as drinking water to Sprague–dawley（S–d） rats in a multigenerational study. Age of puberty acquisition,i.e., preputial separation（PPS） and vaginal opening（VO）, was examined in male and female offspring, respectively. When compared to controls, a slight, but statistically significant delay in puberty acquisition was observed in females but not in males. WM-induced differences in the age at puberty acquisition were compared to those reported in S–d rats administered either a defined mixture（dM） of nine regulated dBPs or individual dBPs. Regression models were developed using individual animal data on age at PPS or VO from the dM study. Puberty acquisition data reported in the WM and individual dBP studies were then compared with the dM models. The delay in puberty acquisition observed in the WM-treated female rats could not be distinguished from delays predicted by the dM regression model, suggesting that the nine regulated dBPs in the dM might account for much of the delay observed in the WM. This method is applicable to mixtures of other types of chemicals and other endpoints.

关键词： drinking water disinfection byproducts dBP Puberty delay Four Lab Study Mixtures risk assessment