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Mass balance and morphological evolution of the Dokriani Glacier,central Himalaya,India during 1999–2014

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Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第1期13卷 255-267页

作者： Purushottam Kumar Garg Jairam Singh Yadav Santosh Kumar Rai aparna shukla Indian Institute of Technology Indore Khandwa RoadSimrolIndore 453552India Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology 33GMS RoadDehradun 248001India Ministry of Earth Sciences Prithvi BhavanLodhi RoadNew Delhi 110003India

Glaciological mass balance(MB)is considered the most direct,undelayed and unfiltered response of the glaciers to climatic ***,it may inherit errors associated with stake underrepresentation,averaging over the entire glacier and human ***,proper validation of glaciological MB with geodetic MB is highly recommended by the World Glacier Monitoring Service(WGMS).The present study focuses on the Dokriani Glacier,central Himalaya which is one of the bench-mark glaciers in the region and has glaciological MB records from 1993 to 2013 with intermittent *** the present study,firstly the glaciological MB series is extended to 2014 i.e.,field-based MB for one more year is computed and,to compare with it,the geodetic MB is computed for the 1999–2014 period using high resolution Cartosat-1 digital elevation model(DEM)and SRTM ***,the study assesses the regional representation of the Dokriani Glacier in terms of MB and evaluates the influence of the MB regime on its morphological *** show that the average glaciological MB(-0.34±0.2 m water equivalent(w.e.)y-1)is more negative than the geodetic MB(-0.23±0.1 m w.e.y-1)for the 1999–2014 *** is likely because of the partial representation of glacier margins in the glaciological MB,where melting is strikingly low owing to thick debris cover(>30 cm).In contrast,geodetic MB considers all marginal pixels leading to a comparatively low MB.A comparative assessment shows that the MB of Dokriani Glacier is less negative(possibly due to its huge accumulation area)than most other glacier-specific and regional MBs,restricting it to be a representative glacier in the ***,continuous negative MB has brought a peculiar change in the epiglacial morphology in the lower tongue of the glacier as differential debris thickness-induced differential melting has turned the glacier surface into a concave *** concavity has led to development of a large(10–20 m deep)supraglacial ch

关键词： Glacier mass balance Debris cover Epiglacial morphology Supraglacial channel Dokriani Glacier Central Himalaya

Field evidences showing rapid frontal degeneration of the Kangriz glacier,western Himalayas,Jammu&Kashmir

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Journal of Mountain Science 2018年第6期15卷 1199-1208页

作者： GARG Siddhi shukla aparna MEHTA Manish KUMAR Vinit SAMUEL Shruti Anna BARTARYA S.K. shukla Uma Kant Wadia Institute o/Himalayan Geology 33 GMS Road Dehradun 248001 India Department of Geology Banaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005 India

Life cycle of glaciers in the Himalayan region has notably changed due to the climatic variability since last few decades. Glaciers across the world and specially the Himalayan glaciers have shown large scale degeneration in the last few decades. Himalayan glaciers serve as an important fresh water resource for the downstream communities, who are dependent on this water for domestic and other purposes. Therefore, glacier shrinkage and the associated hydrological changes pose a significant problem for regional-scale water budgets and resource management. These issues necessitate the regular and rigorous monitoring of the wastage pattern of the Himalayan glaciers in field and using satellite remote sensing data. In this work, we report rapid and enhanced degeneration of the frontal part of the Kangriz glacier, Jammu and Kashmir(J & K), in terms of surface melting, debris cover, snout characteristics and meltwater discharge. Ablation data acquired during 2016-2017 shows the average lowering of the frontal part of the glacier to be ~148 ± 34 cm, one-third of which was found to have occurred within a 13 day time period in September, 2017. Also, the quantum of ice melt was found to be inversely influenced(r =-0.84) by the debris thickness. 15 day meltwater discharge measurement revealed its strong relationship with snout disintegration pattern, evidenced twice during the said time period. Volume of water discharged from the glacier was estimated to be 7.91×10~6 m^3 for the measurement duration. Also, mean daily discharge estimated for the 15 days interval showed good positive correction(r = 0.78) with temperature indicating the direct dependency of the former on land surface temperature conditions of the region. Besides the lowering and discharge observations, the frequent ice-block break-offs at the glacier snout further enhance its overall drastic degeneration. The study suggests that, being the largest glacier in the Suru basin, the Kangriz glacier needs to be continuo

关键词： Glacier shrinkage Western Himalayas Surface lowering Degeneration Meltwater discharge

Identification, occurrence, and validation of DRE and ABRE Cis-regulatory motifs in the promoter regions of genes of Arabidopsis thaliana

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2014年第4期56卷 388-399页

作者： Sonal Mishra aparna shukla Swati Upadhyay Sanchita Pooja Sharma Seema Singh Ujjal J.Phukan Abha Meena Feroz Khan Vineeta Tripathi Rakesh Kumar shukla Ashok Shrama Biotechnology Division CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants A Laboratory Under Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Metabolic and Structural Biology Division CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants A Laboratory Under Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Botany Department CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI)

Plants posses a complex co-regulatory network which helps them to elicit a response under diverse adverse conditions. We used an in silico approach to identify the genes with both DRE and ABRE motifs in their promoter regions in Arabidopsis thaliana. Our results showed that Arabidopsis contains a set of 2,052 genes with ABRE and DRE motifs in their promoter regions. Approximately 72~o or more of the total predicted 2,052 genes had a gap distance of less than 40o bp between DRE and ABRE motifs. For positional orientation of the DRE and ABRE motifs, we found that the DR form （one in direct and the other one in reverse orientation） was more prevalent than other forms. These predicted 2,o52 genes include 155 transcription factors. Using microarray data from The Arabidopsis Information Resource （TAIR） database, we present 44 transcription factors out of 155 which are upregulated by more than twofold in response to osmotic stress and ABA treatment. Fifty-one transcripts from the one predicted above were validated using semiquantitative expression analysis to support the microarray data in TAIR. Taken together, we report a set of genes containing both DRE and ABRE motifs in their promoter regions in A. thaliana, which can be useful to understand the role of ABA under osmotic stress condition.

关键词： Abscisic acid abscisic acid-responsive elements dehydration-responsive element osmotic stress response

Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2019年第1期4卷 389-409页

作者： Akhand Pratap Singh Arpan Biswas aparna shukla Pralay Maiti School of Materials Science and Technology Indian Institute of Technology(BHU)Varanasi 221005India

The application of nanomedicines is increasing rapidly with the promise of targeted and efficient drug *** address the shortcomings of conventional therapy,as evidenced by several preclinical and clinical investigations indicating site-specific drug delivery,reduced side effects,and better treatment *** development of suitable and biocompatible drug delivery vehicles is a prerequisite that has been successfully achieved by using simple and functionalized liposomes,nanoparticles,hydrogels,micelles,dendrimers,and mesoporous particles.A variety of drug delivery vehicles have been established for the targeted and controlled delivery of therapeutic agents in a wide range of chronic diseases,such as diabetes,cancer,atherosclerosis,myocardial ischemia,asthma,pulmonary tuberculosis,Parkinson’s disease,and Alzheimer’s *** successful outcomes in preclinical and clinical trials,many of these drugs have been marketed for human use,such as Abraxane®,Caelyx®,Mepact®,Myocet®,Emend®,and Rapamune®.Apart from drugs/compounds,novel therapeutic agents,such as peptides,nucleic acids(DNA and RNA),and genes have also shown potential to be used as nanomedicines for the treatment of several chronic ***,a large number of extensive clinical trials are still needed to ensure the short-term and long-term effects of nanomedicines in *** review discusses the advantages of various drug delivery vehicles for better understanding of their utility in terms of current medical ***,the application of a wide range of nanomedicines is also described in the context of major chronic diseases.

关键词： drugs ischemia treatment

Study of plasma parameters of coaxial plasma source using triple Langmuir probe and Faraday cup diagnostics

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Plasma Science and Technology 2024年第4期26卷 94-100页

作者： Sunil KANCHI Rohit shukla Archana SHARMA Pulsed Power and Electromagnetics Division Bhabha Atomic Research CentreVisakhapatnam 531011India Homi Bhabha National Institute Mumbai 400085India Beam Technology Development Group Bhabha Atomic Research CentreMumbai 400085India

Coaxial plasma guns are a type of plasma source that produces plasma which propagates radially and axially controlled by the shape of the ground electrode, which has attracted much interest in several applications. In this work, a 120° opening angle of CPG nozzle is used as a plasma gun configuration that operates at the energy of 150 J. The ionization of polyethylene insulator between the electrodes of the gun produces a cloud of hydrogen and carbon *** triple Langmuir probe and Faraday cup are used to measure plasma density and plasma temperature. These methods are used to measure the on-axis and off-axis plasma divergence of the coaxial plasma gun. The peak values of ion densities measured at a distance of 25 mm on-axis from the plasma gun are(1.6±0.5)×10^(19)m^(-3)and(2.8±0.6)×10^(19)m^(-3)for hydrogen and carbon plasma respectively and the peak temperature is 3.02±0.5 eV. The mean propagation velocity of plasma is calculated using the transit times of plasma at different distances from the plasma gun and is found to be 4.54±0.25 cm/μs and 1.81±0.18 cm/μs for hydrogen and carbon plasma respectively. The Debye radius is obtained from the measured experimental data that satisfies the thin sheath approximation. The shot-to-shot stability of plasma parameters facilitates the use of plasma guns in laboratory experiments. These types of plasma sources can be used in many applications like plasma opening switches, plasma devices, and as plasma sources.

关键词： coaxial plasma source triple Langmuir probe Faraday cup plasma density plasma temperature

Robust control of isopropyl benzene production process using H_(∞) loop shaping control scheme

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Journal of Control and Decision 2024年第1期11卷 153-163页

作者： Vinila Mundakkal Lakshmanan aparna Kallingal Sreepriya Sreekumar Department of Chemical Engineering National Institute of Technology CalicutKozhikodeKeralaIndia Department of Robotics and Automation Adi Shankara Institute of Engineering and TechnologyKaladyIndia

This paper discusses robust control strategy for isopropyl benzene production process using the method of loop shaping H_(∞) *** cumene production process is a part of phenol plant in HOCL,Kochi.H_(∞) control of the propylene concentration is done *** H_(∞) controller is derived from the linearised model of the *** optimal H_(∞) controller is obtained by simplifying two algebraic Riccati *** proposed PID-like H_(∞) controller provides a single tuning parameter which makes the controller design more *** proposed controller has been compared with other robust controllers like H_(2) and *** H_(∞) controller is found to be superior in a wide frequency range and has a feature of low distortion and good regulating *** reactor model has been developed in COMSOL Multiphysics with the parameters obtained from HOCL plant,*** model extracted is reduced using model order reduction for the controller design.

关键词： Cumene reactor H_(∞)loop shaping model order reduction Riccati equation PID control stability robustness

Numerical Analysis of Phase Change and Container Materials for Thermal Energy Storage in the Storage Tank of Solar Water Heating System

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第2期33卷 408-421页

作者： SINGH Shailendra ANAND Abhishek shukla Amritanshu SHARMA Atul Non-Conventional Energy Laboratory Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum TechnologyJais Amethi229304India

This study evaluates the effectiveness of phase change materials(PCMs) inside a storage tank of warm water for solar water heating(SWH) system through the theoretical simulation based on the experimental model of *** et *** model is explained by five fundamental equations for the calculation of various parameters like the effectiveness of PCMs,the mass of hot water,total heat content,and duration of *** study simulated eleven PCMs to analyze their effectiveness like Sodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate(SHPD),OM 37,N-Eicosane(NE),Lauric acid(LA),Paraffin wax(PW),OM 48,Paraffin wax C_(20-33)(PW-C20-33),Sodium acetate trihydrate(SAT),Palmitic acid(PA),Myristic acid(MA),and Stearic acid(SA).Among all PCMs,the SHPD has found the highest value of effectiveness factor of ***,it is the most recommended PCM for the storage tank of the SWH *** study also includes the melt fraction analysis of all enumerated PCMs corresponding to container materials of stainless steel,glass,aluminum mixed,tin,aluminum,and *** melt fraction analysis is performed by making a coding program in the FORTRAN programming *** the analysis,copper container material is found to have high melting rate for all PCMs so it is superior to other container materials.

关键词： theoretical model solar water heating system phase change material effectiveness factor melt fraction

Deep learning models for tuberculosis detection and infected region visualization in chest X-ray images

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Intelligent Medicine 2024年第2期4卷 104-113页

作者： Vinayak Sharma Nillmani Sachin Kumar Gupta Kaushal Kumar shukla School of Electronics and Communication Engineering Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University Jammu and KashmirIndia School of Biomedical Engineering Indian Institute of TechnologyBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasiIndia Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of TechnologyBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasiIndia

Objective Tuberculosis(TB)is among the most frequent causes of infectious-disease-related *** being treatable by antibiotics,tuberculosis often goes misdiagnosed and untreated,especially in rural and low-resource *** X-rays are frequently used to aid diagnosis;however,this presents additional challenges because of the possibility of abnormal radiological appearance and a lack of radiologists in areas where the infection is most *** deep-learning-based imaging techniques for computer-aided diagnosis has the potential to enable accurate diagnoses and lessen the burden on medical *** the present work,we aimed to develop deep-learning-based segmentation and classification models for accurate and precise detection of tuberculosis in chest X-ray images,with visualization of infection using gradient-weighted class activation mapping(Grad-CAM)*** First,we trained the UNet segmentation model using 704 chest X-ray radiographs taken from the Montgomery County and Shenzhen Hospital ***,we implemented the trained UNet model on 1,400 tuberculosis and control chest X-ray scans to segment the lung *** images were taken from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases(NIAID)TB portal program ***,we applied the deep learning Xception model to classify the segmented lung region into tuberculosis and normal *** further investigated the visualization capabilities of the model using Grad-CAM to view tuberculosis abnormalities in chest X-rays and discuss them from radiological *** For segmentation by the UNet model,we achieved accuracy,Jaccard index,Dice coefficient,and area under the curve(AUC)values of 96.35%,90.38%,94.88%,and 0.99,*** classification by the Xception model,we achieved classification accuracy,precision,recall,F1-score,and AUC values of 99.29%,99.30%,99.29%,99.29%,and 0.999,*** Grad-CAM heatmap images from the tuberculos

关键词： Tuberculosis Artificial intelligence Deep learning Segmentation Classification Chest X-ray

EPASAD:ellipsoid decision boundary based Process-Aware Stealthy Attack Detector

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Cybersecurity 2024年第3期7卷 32-48页

作者： Vikas Maurya Rachit Agarwal Saurabh Kumar Sandeep shukla Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology KanpurkanpurIndia Merkle Science BangaloreIndia

Due to the importance of Critical Infrastructure(Cl)in a nation's economy,they have been lucrative targets for cyber *** critical infrastructures are usually Cyber-Physical Systems such as power grids,water,and sewage treatment facilities,oil and gas pipelines,*** recent times,these systems have suffered from cyber attacks numer-ous *** have been developing cyber security solutions for Cls to avoid lasting *** to standard frameworks,cyber security based on identification,protection,detection,response,and recovery are at the core of these *** of an ongoing attack that escapes standard protection such as firewall,anti-virus,and host/network intrusion detection has gained importance as such attacks eventually affect the physical dynamics of the ***,anomaly detection in physical dynamics proves an effective means to implement *** is one example of anomaly detection in the sensor/actuator data,representing such systems physical *** present EPASAD,which improves the detection technique used in PASAD to detect these micro-stealthy attacks,as our experiments show that PASAD's spherical boundary-based detection fails to *** method EPASAD overcomes this by using Ellipsoid boundaries,thereby tightening the boundaries in various dimen-sions,whereas a spherical boundary treats all dimensions *** validate EPASAD using the dataset produced by the TE-process simulator and the C-town *** results show that EPASAD improves PASAD's average recall by 5.8%and 9.5%for the two datasets,respectively.

关键词： Intrusion detection system Critical infrastructure security Industrial control system Machine learning