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Dynamic Simulating to the Accumulation and Distribution of Dry Matter for Black Walnut(Juglans hindsii) Seedlings

Agricultural Sciences in China 2010年第1期9卷 56-63页

作者： ZHANG Ji-xiang MAO Zhi-quan shu huai-rui WEI Qin-ping State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology College of Horticultural Science and Engineering Shandong Agricultural University Tai＇an 271018 P.R.China Institute of Forestry ＆ Pomology Beijing Academy of Agriculture ＆ Forestry Sciences Beijing 100093 P.R.China

It is very important to study eco-physiological processes of plants and to determine quantitative relations between accumulation, distribution of dry matter and environmental factors for regionalization, standardization and precision agriculture. Meanwhile, global changes, e.g., atmospheric CO2 concentration rising, global warming, and climate abnormity, have been effecting on agricultural productivity. This study provides a theoretical basis for predicting productive potentials and development trends in different agricultural regions. One-year-old black walnut （Juglans hindsii） seedlings were employed as subjects for setting up the dynamic models of dry matter accumulation and distribution, based on mechanistic models of photosynthesis, matter conservation and concentration gradient. Under optimum conditions of soil moisture and mineral nutrient, during the period of the canopy construction, the dry matter accumulation of the canopy conformed to logistic curves; but the accumulation of both total biornass and dry matter of stem-root could be divided into two phases： the first phase was exponential increase, the second was linear increase. The total biomass, dry matter of canopy and stem-root all presented a fluctuant increase, which was affected by the environmental factors. Ratio of daily increase of dry matter in the canopy and the steem-root （dWJdWs） was changeable along with growth periods and environmental factors. At the initial stage of the canopy forming, dW/dWs was larger, about 3.2 on average, which indicated that the photosynthetic product was mainly used to develop leaves; in the midterm, it was about 1.9, which indicated that the distribution of dry matter in the canopy and in the stem-root was relatively balanced; when the plant tended to stop growing, dWl/dWs decreased linearly, and the main distribution of dry matter moved to the roots.

关键词： black walnut dry matter accumulation and distribution dynamic model

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Effects of Acetylsalicylic Acid and Calcium Chloride on Photosynthetic Apparatus and Reactive Oxygen-Scavenging Enzymes in Chrysanthemum Under Low Temperature Stress with Low Light

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2010年第12期9卷 1777-1786页

作者： FENG Zhen LIANG Fang ZHENG Cheng-shu shu huai-rui SUN Xian-zhi Yoo Yong-kweon College of Horticulture Science and Engineering Shandong Agricultural University Tai＇an 271018 P.R.China State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology Shandong Agricultural University Tai＇an 271018P.R.China National Apple Engineering Technique Center Tai＇an 271018 P.R.China College of Natural Sciences Mokpo Nationeal University Moo an Junramamdo 534-729 P.R.Korea

The effects of acetylsalicylic acid （ASA）, CaCl2, and ASA ＋ CaCl2 on the photosynthetic apparatus and antioxidant enzyme activities were investigated in chrysanthemum Jinba （a cut flower cultivar） under low temperature stress with low light （TL stress）（16/12℃, day/night, PFD 100 μmol m^-2 s-1）. The results showed that under TL stress, the net photosynthesis rate （Pn）, carboxylation efficiency （CE）, apparent quantum yield （AQY）, maximal photochemical efficiency （Fv/Fm） of PSII, quantum yield of PSII electron transport （ФPSII）, and photochemical quenching （qP） of the chrysanthemum leaves in all treatments were significantly decreased, but the decreases were alleviated by ASA, CaCl2, and ASA ＋ CaCl2 treatments compared with the controls. The alleviating effect of ASA ＋ CaCI2 was better than either ASA or CaCl2 single treatment. Moreover, the ASA ＋ CaCl2 treatment highly improved the chlorophyll content, relatively improved the number and size of chloroplast and starch grain in the leaves of chrysanthemum plants compared with ASA and CaCl2 treatments. It was indicated that ASA and/or CaCI2 could regulate the photosynthetic functions in the leaves of chrysanthemum plants to enhance the resistance against TL stress. On the other hand, reduction in relative conductance rate implied that ASA and/ or CaCl2 could protect from membrane injury in leaves of chrysanthemum plants. The activities of SOD, POD, and CAT in the treated leaves of chrysanthemum were increased as compared with the controls. It was suggested that ASA and/or CaCl2 had positive regulation effects on the defence enzyme activities in chrysanthemum leaves which could protect the photosynthetic apparatus to a certain degree under the TL stress. In brief, the treatment of ASA together with CaCl2 was better for chrysanthemum plants to adapt TL stress than single ASA or CaCl2 treatments.

关键词： acetylsalicylic acid Ca^2+ chrysanthemum low temperature low light photosynthetic apparatus antioxidantenzyme

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Genome-wide analysis of the synonymous codon usage patterns in apple

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第5期15卷 983-991页

作者： LI Ning SUN Mei-hong JIANG Ze-sheng shu huai-rui ZHANG Shi-zhong State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology Shandong Agricultural University

Apple（Malus×domestica） has been proposed as an important woody plant and the major cultivated fruit trees in temperate regions. Apple whole genome sequencing has been completed, which provided an excellent opportunity for genome-wide analysis of the synonymous codon usage patterns. In this study, a multivariate bioinformatics analysis was performed to reveal the characteristics of synonymous codon usage and the main factors affecting codon bias in apple. The neutrality, correspondence, and correlation analyses were performed by Codon W and SPSS（Statistical Product and Service Solutions） programs, indicating that the apple genome codon usage patterns were affected by mutational pressure and selective constraint. Meanwhile, coding sequence length and the hydrophobicity of proteins could also influence the codon usage patterns. In short, codon usage pattern analysis and determination of optimal codons has laid an important theoretical basis for genetic engineering, gene prediction and molecular evolution studies in apple.

关键词： apple the synonymous codon usage patterns codon bias RSCU

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Effect of Indole Butyric Acid on the Transportation of Stored Calcium in Malus hupehensis Rhed. Seedling

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2006年第11期5卷 834-838页

作者： LI Jia YANG Hong-qiang YAN Tian-li shu huai-rui College of Horticulture Shandong Agricultural University Taian 271018 P.R. China College of Pharmacy Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Jinan 250014 P.R. China Zhejiang Institute of Subtropical Crops Wenzhou 325005 P.R.China

Calcium （Ca） plays an important role in the metabolism of higher plants. Recently, research on Ca^2＋ in plants has been focused especially at the cellular and molecular levels. Uptake, transport, and distribution are also very important for Ca to accomplish its function at the whole-plant level. In this experiment, one-year-old apple seedlings （M. hupehensis Rehd.） were investigated to determine the distribution of stored Ca, the different forms of Ca, and Ca^2＋-ATPase activity after treatment with indole butyric acid （IBA）. The results showed that the total Ca measured in mature leaves and Ca^2＋- ATPase activity in tender leaves were higher compared with those in the control （CK）. Calcium nitrate and calcium chloride （ALe-Ca） and calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate （HAC-Ca） decreased in both mature leaves and shoots, whereas water-soluble calcium （H2O-Ca）, calcium pectate （NaCl-Ca）, and calcium oxalate （HCl-Ca） increased. The percentage of active calcium, calcium pectate, and water-soluble calcium increased, whereas the percentage of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate decreased. When treated with IBA, calcium fractions and percentage of the different forms of Ca was enhanced in 40 part per million （ppm） IBA compared with 20 ppm IBA and water. The results indicated that IBA increased the percentage of both active calcium （NaCl-Ca and H2O-Ca） in tender shoots and boosted the transportation of stored Ca in plants. IBA promoted Ca^2＋-ATPase activity and Ca^2＋ uptake in tender shoots of M. hupehensis. It can improve the total Ca contents and the relative percentage of Ca.

关键词： indole butyric acid stored calcium M. hupehensis Rehd.

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施肥对平邑甜茶根际微生物的影响

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植物营养与肥料学报 2008年第2期14卷 328-333页

作者：陈伟束怀瑞山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院

以二年生苹果砧木平邑甜茶实生苗为试材,研究施氮、有机肥及其组合对根际微生物类群的短期影响及其与果树根系生长状况的关系。结果表明,不同微生物类群对施肥反应不同,氮肥、有机肥处理明显增加除根际固氮菌外其他微生物类群的数量。... 详细信息

以二年生苹果砧木平邑甜茶实生苗为试材,研究施氮、有机肥及其组合对根际微生物类群的短期影响及其与果树根系生长状况的关系。结果表明,不同微生物类群对施肥反应不同,氮肥、有机肥处理明显增加除根际固氮菌外其他微生物类群的数量。高浓度氮肥(N 500 mg/kg)处理对细菌、放线菌、纤维素分解菌数量产生一定抑制作用,而3%和6%有机肥能缓解高浓度氮肥对根际微生物的抑制作用;3%有机肥和N 200 mg/kg氮肥处理可达到较好的缓解效果。细菌、真菌、氨化细菌和硝化细菌数量与生长根和吸收根生物量之间显著正相关;固氮菌则仅与吸收根生物量显著负相关;而纤维素分解菌与根系生物量的相关关系不显著。细菌和纤维素分解菌数量与根系呼吸显著正相关;而真菌、固氮菌、氨化细菌和硝化细菌与根系呼吸的相关性不显著。

关键词：氮肥有机肥根际微生物

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有机物料对苹果根际营养元素动态及土壤酶活性的影响

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土壤学报 1999年第3期36卷 428-432页

作者：姚胜蕊束怀瑞山东农业大学园艺系山东泰安271000

有机物料的施用,影响着土壤的理化特性与生物性状,也必然影响植物的生长发育.植物与土壤直接接触区域是根际微域,要了解有机物料对作物生长发育的影响,必须先探讨其对根际微域的作用.研究与揭示根际微域环境状况对增加土壤养分供应,促... 详细信息

有机物料的施用,影响着土壤的理化特性与生物性状,也必然影响植物的生长发育.植物与土壤直接接触区域是根际微域,要了解有机物料对作物生长发育的影响,必须先探讨其对根际微域的作用.研究与揭示根际微域环境状况对增加土壤养分供应,促进根系对养分吸收、改善树体营养状况及提高产量与品质等方面具有重要意义[1].果树根际微域的研究工作开展较少[1,2],为此我们研究了两种有机物料对苹果砧木根际微域中土壤酶活性及元素有效性的影响.

关键词：苹果有机物料根际微域矿质营养土壤酶

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Effect of Nitrogen on Apple Fruit Development in Different Loads

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2002年第6期1卷 674-679页

作者： PENG Fu-tian, JIANG Yuan-mao, GU Man-ru and shu huai-rui( Department of Horticulture, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018 , P.R. China) Department of Horticulture Shandong Agricultural University Taian 271018 P. R . China

The experiments including soil application N, thinning and priming leaf treatment, using eight -year-old apple trees (M. domestica *** Fuji/ M. hupenensis Rhed) as materials were carried out to study the effect of N on fruit development. The main results were as follows: on heavily thinned trees, SS activity was independent of N and priming leaves treatments. The results show that the carbohydrate restriction of source to sink activity did not exist, and N application did not stimulate fruit growth rates relative to those on nonfertilized trees; however, N fertilization resulted in a longer fruit development period and increased the growth potential of individual fruit by 20.8% (fresh weight) and 14.1% (dry weight) vs. controls ; in unthinned trees, SS activity was increased by N fertilization but decreased by priming leaves treatment , so the carbohydrate restriction of source to sink activity existed, N fertilization increased the average single fruit weight both by extending the fruit development period and by increasing fruit growth rate, and the increasing rates were 28.2% (fresh weight) and 19.4 % (dry weight) compared to the unthinned nonfertilized controls. Fruit soluble sugar and pericarp anthocyanin concentration was decreased by N fertilization.

关键词： Apple Nitrogen Fruit development Sucrose synthase

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The Induction of Root Formation by Urea,IBA and Sheep Dung in Young Apple Tree

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2002年第4期1卷 438-443页

作者： YANG Hong-qiang, JIE Yu-ling, HUANG Tian-dong and shu huai-rui( Horticulture Department, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian 271018 , P.R. China) Horticulture Department Shandong Agriculture University Taian 271018 P.R. China

The effect of plant growth substance and fertilizer on root formation was studied in a newly planted apple tree (Malm pumila Mill / Malus hupenensis Rhed). The results indicated that urea and IBA ( indole butyric acid) and sheep dung all increased the total number and activity of new roots and changed the ratio of absorbing root to extensive roots obviously. Urea increased the number of extensive root and decreased the ratio of the root to shoot mostly. IBA lengthened the extensive root and increased the ratio of root to shoot obviously. Sheep dung increased the nu mber of absorbing root and increased the ratio of absorbing root to extensive root, divided new root into many branches, increased the fresh weight of the root and thickened the extensive root. The fresh weight of root increased and the ratio of root to shoot declined after urea was added to sheep dung. Both the ratio of absorbing root to extensive root and root fresh weight was increased after IBA was added to sheep dung, then the ratio of root to shoot had no change obviously.

关键词： Urea IBA Sheep dung Apple Roots

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生物炭和有机肥处理对平邑甜茶根系和土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响

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中国农业科学 2013年第18期46卷 3850-3856页

作者：陈伟周波束怀瑞山东农业大学食品科学与工程学院山东农业大学生命科学学院山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院

【目的】研究生物炭和生物有机肥处理对平邑甜茶根系及微生物功能多样性等指标的影响,为果园可持续发展提供参考依据。【方法】采用盆栽试验,添加生物炭和生物有机肥处理,分析不同生物炭和生物有机肥处理对植株根系、土壤微生物群落功... 详细信息

【目的】研究生物炭和生物有机肥处理对平邑甜茶根系及微生物功能多样性等指标的影响,为果园可持续发展提供参考依据。【方法】采用盆栽试验,添加生物炭和生物有机肥处理,分析不同生物炭和生物有机肥处理对植株根系、土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响。【结果】施用生物有机肥和生物炭均可增加细吸收根量、细吸收根面积、土壤和根际可培养微生物量,提高土壤FDA酶活性和土壤微生物多样性,二者联合施用效果最佳。生物炭处理对细吸收根面积的改善效果优于生物有机肥处理,对土壤微生物多样性的改善效果则不如生物有机肥处理;10%生物肥+6%生物炭、10%生物肥+3%生物炭处理细吸收根面积分别是CK的6.6和10倍,10%生物肥处理是CK的2.5倍,6%和3%生物炭处理是CK的3.3和3.1倍,生物炭和生物有机肥处理土壤细菌数量为CK土壤的3.32—10.23倍,放线菌数量为CK土壤的1.2—1.97倍,真菌数量为CK土壤的3.24—5.26倍,根际放线菌数量在生物有机肥处理后最高,根际真菌数量则在3%生物炭处理后最高。【结论】增加土壤炭可以增加植株根系、土壤微生物多样性,有利于土壤肥力的保持和农业的可持续发展。

关键词：平邑甜茶生物炭生物有机肥根系微生物功能多样性

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低氧胁迫对平邑甜茶根系活力及氮代谢相关酶活性的影响

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园艺学报 2008年第1期35卷 7-12页

作者：生利霞束怀瑞山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院作物生物学国家重点实验室山东泰安271018

采用控制营养液溶氧浓度的方法,研究了低氧胁迫对平邑甜茶幼苗生物量、根系活力、根系呼吸速率以及氮代谢相关酶活性的影响。结果表明:低氧胁迫抑制了植株的生长,营养液溶氧浓度越低,抑制作用越明显;低氧处理前期根系呼吸速率也受到了... 详细信息

采用控制营养液溶氧浓度的方法,研究了低氧胁迫对平邑甜茶幼苗生物量、根系活力、根系呼吸速率以及氮代谢相关酶活性的影响。结果表明:低氧胁迫抑制了植株的生长,营养液溶氧浓度越低,抑制作用越明显;低氧处理前期根系呼吸速率也受到了明显地抑制,并且溶氧浓度越低抑制作用越强,但随处理时间的延长,抑制作用降低,而幼苗根系活力则先急剧升高后急剧下降;低氧胁迫诱导了硝酸还原酶(NR)和谷氨酰胺合酶(GS)的活性,溶氧浓度越低酶活性增加幅度越大;而对谷氨酸脱氢酶(NADH-GDH)的活性则先抑制后促进。平邑甜茶可通过增加呼吸消耗,改变代谢途径来缓解低氧逆境伤害。

关键词：平邑甜茶低氧胁迫根系活力氮代谢酶活性

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