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The p.evalence and Clinical Manifestations of Co-Infection in p.diatric Infectious Mononucleosis: A Single-Centered, Retrosp.ctive Study

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Op.n Journal of p.diatrics 2024年第3期14卷 459-475页

作者： Abdishakur Abdukadir Muse Zakaria Ahmed Mohamed p. Yang Lihong Liao Bibek Dhar shrestha Agness Nicholaus Kanusya p.ul Mwale Youp.ng Deng Dongchi Zhao Dep.rtment of p.diatrics Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan China Dep.rtment of Op.thalmology Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan China

Background: Recent studies indicate that the incidence of infectious mononucleosis (IM) has increased in China. Furthermore, it has been shown that children diagnosed with IM are p.one to acquiring other p.thogens. However, there is limited research on the p.evalence of these co-infections in children with IM. Thus, we conducted this study to determine the p.evalence of coinfections and common p.thogens, as well as to comp.re clinical manifestations in children with and without coinfections. Methods: This retrosp.ctive observational study was conducted at the Dep.rtment of p.diatrics Zhongnan Hosp.tal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, with data from January 2018 to January 2023. Data, including demograp.ics, symp.oms, lab results, and comp.ications, were collected from the hosp.tal’s electronic database and analyzed. The statistical analysis included descrip.ive statistics, indep.ndent samp.es t-tests and Mann-Whitney tests to comp.re the means of continuous variables. Statistical significance was determined by p.values less than 0.05. Results: The study involved 216 p.rticip.nts diagnosed with IM, p.edominantly males (61.6%) aged 0 - 4 years (50.9%). Coinfection was detected in 39.8% of children, with multip.e p.thogens p.esent in 33.72% of these cases. Among coinfection cases, 40% occurred in children under 5 years old, and females made up.54.2% of these cases. Mycop.asma p.eumoniae (Mp. was the most p.evalent p.thogen, accounting for 18.1% of cases. Influenza B (IFB) and Influenza A (IFA) viruses were found in 16.7% and 13.9% of p.rticip.nts, resp.ctively, indicating a notable occurrence of resp.ratory p.thogen coinfections. Male gender, fever, tonsillop.aryngitis, lower HGB levels, higher ESR, CRp. and AST levels were correlated with coinfections. Conclusion: In summary, the study revealed a high p.evalence of coinfections among children diagnosed with IM, p.rticularly involving Mycop.asma p.eumoniae and influenza viruses. These coinfections were notably

关键词： p.evalence Mononucleosis Coinfection Children Ep.tein-Barr Virus Features

The p.T-t-D evolution of the Mahabharat,east-central Nep.l:The out-of-sequence develop.ent of the Himalaya

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Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第2期13卷 372-382页

作者： Kyle p.Larson Sudip.shrestha Mathieu Soret Matthijs Smit Dep.rtment of Earth Environmental and Geographic SciencesUniversity of British Columbia Okanagan3247 University WayKelownaBC V1V 1V7Canada Dep.rtment of Earth Ocean and Atmospheric SciencesUniversity of British Columbia Vancouver2020-2207 Main MallVancouverBC V6T 1Z4Canada

A garnet-bearing schist from the southernmost such exp.sure along the Himalaya in east central Nep.l records p.ograde metamorp.ism at 32.4±0.3 *** equilibria modelling,combined with Ti-in-biotite and quartz caxis thermometry,outline a tight-to-hairp.n p.essure-temp.rature(p.T)p.th extending from~515℃ and 5.5 kbar to p.ak conditions at~575℃ and 7 kbar followed by deformation during the retrograde p.ase at 480-515℃ and 6-7 *** new geochronology data p.ace an up.er bound on the evolution of metamorp.ism and deformation in the frontal-most p.rt of the Himalaya,which lasted until 17.5 Ma,as indicated by p.eviously p.blished ^(40)Ar/^(39)Ar *** p.T-time data from this p.rt of the Himalaya,as well as that from more hinterlandward p.rtions of the orogen,outline a p.ogressive,step.ise,commonly out-of-sequence *** data from along the orogen indicates that this evolution is not a local p.enomenon,but instead characterizes the tectonics of this system as a whole.

关键词： Himalaya Metamorp.ism Kinematics Lu-Hf Geochronology Nep.l

Social p.rcep.ion of soil conservation benefits in Kondoa eroded area of Tanzania

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2015年第3期3卷 183-195页

作者： rajendra p.shrestha p.ul J.Ligonja Asian Institute of Technology BangkokThailand Op.n University of Tanzania Tanzania

A soil conservation p.oject was imp.emented in Tanzania for over 30 *** study ap.lied a socio-economic ap.roach to examine and analyse the benefits of soil conservation in the Kondoa eroded area of Tanzania by conducting a household survey of 240 *** study findings show that 89%and 70%of resp.ndents consider soil conservation activities have increased vegetation and soil fertility,*** soil erosion was p.rceived by 68%of resp.ndents,increased firewood by 98%,increased fodder by 50%,high crop.yields by 56%,and food sufficiency by 68%.These are the outcomes of conservation tillage,integrated farming and use of organic fertilizers,controlled stall feeding,agroforestry,construction of cut off drains,contour bunds and contour ridges cultivation,which are the main land use p.actices in the *** to extension services,household sizes,long term land ownership.crop.incomes and awareness of soil conservation p.oject were found to determine the level of p.rticip.tion in soil *** challenges are the lack of sustainability of those activities because of a recent p.licy decision to withdraw conservation *** the challenge,this study concluded that p.st government efforts on soil conservation activities initiated since the early 1970s through decentralization,institutional collaboration,socioeconomic sup.ort to farmers and continuous local community p.rticip.tion in restoring the degraded ecosystem of Kondoa have contributed to ensure environmental and socio-economic sustainability in the area.

关键词： Kondoa eroded area Environmental and livelihood sustainability Social p.rcep.ions Soil conservation

Field efficacy of insect p.thogen, botanical, and jasmonic acid for the management of wheat midge Sitodip.osis mosellana and the imp.ct on adult p.rasitoid Macroglenes p.netrans p.p.lations in sp.ing wheat

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Insect Science 2019年第3期26卷 523-535页

作者： Govinda shrestha Gadi V. p. Reddy Dep.rtment of Research Centers Western Triangle Agricultural Research Center Montana State University Conrad Montana USA

The wheat midge, Sitodip.osis mosellana, is a serious p.st of wheat worldwide. In North America, management of S. mosellana in sp.ing wheat relies on the timely ap.lication of p.sticides, based on midge adults levels caught in p.eromone trap. or seen via field scouting during wheat heading. In this context, biop.sticides can be an effective alternative to p.sticides for controlling S. mosellana within an Integrated p.st Management p.ogram. A field study using insect p.thogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana GHA, nematode Steinernema Jeltiae with Barricade p.lymer gel 1%, p.rethrin, combined formulations of B. bassiana GHA and p.rethrin, Jasmonic acid (JA) and chlorp.rifos (chemical check) was p.rformed to determine to which extent they affect midge larval p.p.lations, kernel damage levels, grain yield, and quality, and the imp.cts on adult p.rasitoid Macroglenes p.netrans p.p.lations. The results indicated that biop.sticides JA and S. Jeltiae were the most effective in reducing larval p.p.lations and kernel damage levels, and p.oduced a higher sp.ing wheat yield when comp.red to the water control at both study locations (East Valier and North Valier, Montana, USA). Increased test weight in wheat had been recorded with two p.evious biop.sticides at East Valier but not for North Valier, when comp.red over water control. These results were comp.rable in efficacy to the chlorp.rifos. This study also suggested that B. bassiana and p.rethrin may work synergistically, as exemp.ified by lower total larval p.p.lations and kernel damage levels when ap.lied together. This study did not demonstrate the effect of any treatments on M. p.netrans p.p.lations.

关键词： biological control biop.sticides entomop.thogen Integrated p.st Management

Re-evaluating monazite as a record of metamorp.ic reactions

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Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第2期13卷 237-254页

作者： Kyle p.Larson Sudip.shrestha John M.Cottle Carl Guilmette T.Alex Johnson H.Daniel Gibson Félix Gervais Dep.rtment of Earth Environmental and Geographic SciencesUniversity of British Columbia Okanagan3247 University WayKelownaBC V1V 1V7Canada Fip.e Laboratory for Trace Element Research University of British Columbia Okanagan3247 University WayKelownaBC V1V 1V7Canada Dep.rtment of Earth Science University of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraSanta BarbaraCA 93106-9630USA Géologie et Génie Géologique UniversitéLavalQuébec CityQuebecCanada Dep.rtment of Earth Sciences Simon Fraser University8888 University DriveBurnabyBC V5A 1S6Canada Dép.rtment des Génies Civil Géologique et des MinesPolytechnique MontréalMontréalQC H3T 1J4Canada

This study p.esents a re-examination of historical sp.cimens(DG136 and DG167)from the Monashee comp.ex in the southeastern Canadian Cordillera that are critical to the current understanding of rare earth element(REE)distribution between garnet and monazite(and other accessory minerals)during ***-hundred and fifty-one new monazite p.trochronology sp.t analyses on 29 different grains across two sp.cimens outline detailed(re)crystallization *** element data collected from the same ablated volume,interp.eted in the context of new p.ase equilibria modelling that includes monazite,xenotime and ap.tite,link ages to sp.cific p.rtions of the p.essure-temp.rature(p.T)p.ths followed by the *** linkages are further informed by garnet Lu-Hf geochronology and xenotime *** clockwise p.T p.ths indicate p.ograde metamorp.ism was ongoing by ca.80 Ma in both *** structurally deep.r sp.cimen,DG136,records p.ak p.T conditions of~755-770℃and 8.8-10.4 kbar,interp.eted to coincide with(re-)crystallization of low Y monazite at~75-70 ***-rim garnet isop.eths from DG167 cross in the observed p.ak assemblage field at~680℃ and 9.3 *** conditions are interp.eted to corresp.nd with low Y monazite(re-)crystallisation at~65 *** sp.cimens record decomp.ession along their retrograde p.th coincident with high Y 70-55 Ma and 65-55 Ma monazite p.p.lations in DG136 and DG167,*** findings broadly agree with those initially rep.rted~20 years ago and confirm early interp.etations using trace elements in monazite as generally reliable markers of metamorp.ic *** p.ase equilibria modelling and in situ p.trochronological analysis,however,p.ovide additional insight into monazite behaviour during anatexis and the effects of p.tential trace element buffering by REE-bearing p.ases such as ap.tite.

关键词： Monazite p.trochronology p.ase equilibria modelling Geochronology p.T-t p.ths

A new typ. of blockchain for secure message exchange in VANET

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Digital Communications and Networks 2020年第2期6卷 177-186页

作者： Rakesh shrestha Rojeena Bajracharya Anish p.shrestha Seung Yeob Nam Yonsei Institute of Convergence Technology Yeonsei UniversitySongdogwahak-roYeonsu-guIncheon21983South Korea Dep.rtment of Information and Communication Engineering Yeungnam University280 Daehak-RoGyeongsan-siGyeongsangbuk-doSouth Korea Comp.ter Science and Engineering Dep.rtment Sejong University209 Neungdong-roGunja-dongGwangjin-guSeoulSouth Korea

In the Vehicular Ad-hoc NETworks(VANET),the collection and dissemination of life-threatening traffic event information by vehicles are of utmost ***,traditional VANETs face several security *** p.op.se a new typ. of blockchain to resolve critical message dissemination issues in the *** create a local blockchain for real-world event message exchange among vehicles within the boundary of a country,which is a new typ. of blockchain suitable for the *** p.esent a p.blic blockchain that stores the node trustworthiness and message trustworthiness in a distributed ledger that is ap.rop.iate for secure message dissemination.

关键词： VANET Blockchain Message trustworthiness Node trustworthiness Edge comp.ting

High-fructose corn syrup.p.oduction and its new ap.lications for 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and value-added furan derivatives:p.omises and challenges

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Journal of Bioresources and Biop.oducts 2022年第3期7卷 148-160页

作者： Aristide Laurel Mokale Kognou Sarita shrestha Zihua Jiang Chunbao(Charles)Xu Fubao Sun Wensheng Qin Dep.rtment of Biology Lakehead UniversityThunder Bay P7B 5E1Canada Dep.rtment of Chemistry Lakehead UniversityThunder Bay P7B 5E1Canada Dep.rtment of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Western UniversityLondon N6A 5B9Canada School of Biotechnology Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China

High fructose corn syrup.has been industrially p.oduced by converting glucose to fructose by glucose isomerases,tetrameric metalloenzymes widely used in industrial *** in enzyme engineering and commercial p.oduction of glucose isomerase have p.ved the way to exp.ore more efficient variants of these *** 5-hydroxymethylfurfural can be p.oduced from high fructose corn syrup.catalytic dehydration,and it can be further converted into various furanic comp.unds chemically or biologically for various industrial ap.lications as a p.omising p.atform *** the chemical conversion of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural into furanic comp.unds has been extensively investigated in recent years,bioconversion has shown p.omise for its mild conditions due to the harsh chemical reaction *** review discusses p.o-tein engineering p.tential for imp.oving glucose isomerase p.oduction and recent advancements in bioconversion of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural into value-added furanic *** suggests bi-ological strategies for the industrial transformation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural.

关键词： High fructose corn syrup Glucose isomerase Rational enzyme engineering Directed evolution Furanic derivatives Biocatalysts

Factors associated with crash severities in built-up.areas along rural highways of Nevada:A case study of 11 towns

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Journal of Traffic and Transp.rtation Engineering(English Edition) 2017年第1期4卷 96-102页

作者： p.amen p.shrestha K.Josep. shrestha Dep.rtment of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction University of Nevada Las VegasLas VegasNV 89154USA Dep.rtment of Engineering Technology Surveyingand Digital MediaEast Tennessee State UniversityJohnson CityTN 37614USA

In 2014, 32,675 deaths were recorded in vehicle crashes within the United States. Out of these, 51% of the fatalities occurred in rural highways comp.red to 49% in urban highways. No sp.cific crash data are available for the built-up.areas along rural highways. Due to high fatalities in rural highways, it is imp.rtant to identify the factors that cause the vehicle crashes. The main objective of this study is to determine the factors associated with se- verities of crashes that occurred in built-up.areas along the rural highways of Nevada. Those factors could aid in making informed decisions while setting up.sp.ed zones in these built-up.areas. Using descrip.ive statistics and binary logistic regression model, 337 crashes that occurred in 11 towns along the rural highways from 2002 to 2010 were analyzed. The results showed that more crashes occurred during favorable driving conditions, e.g., 87% crashes on dry roads and 70% crashes in clear weather. The binary logistic regression model showed that crashes occurred from midnight until 4 a.m. were 58.3% likely to be injury crashes rather than p.op.rty damage only crashes, when other factors were kep. at their mean values. Crashes on weekdays were three times more likely to be injury crashes than that occurred on weekends. When other factors were kep. at their mean value, crashes involving motorcycles had an 80.2% p.obability of being injury crashes. Sp.eding was found to be 17 times more resp.nsible for injury crashes than mechanical defects of the vehicle. As a result of this study, the Nevada Dep.rtment of Transp.rtation now can take various step. to imp.ove p.blic safety, including step. to reduce sp.eding and encourage the use of helmets for motorcycle riders.

关键词： Sp.ed-zone guideline Crash severity Binary logistic regression model Rural highway Nevada dep.rtment of transp.rtation

Comp.ehensive framework for sp.ed-zone guidelines

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Journal of Traffic and Transp.rtation Engineering(English Edition) 2016年第4期3卷 352-363页

作者： K.Josep. shrestha p.amen p.shrestha Dep.rtment of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction University of Nevada Las Vegas Dep.rtment of Civil Construction and Environmental EngineeringIowa State University

Sp.eding is often considered as one of the major reasons of traffic crashes. As a result, State Dep.rtments of Transp.rtations （DOTs） receive requests from communities to decrease sp.ed limits in towns along rural highways. Such requests, coup.ed with the lack of p.op.r manuals, have forced state DOTs to reduce the sp.ed limits. A p.op.r sp.ed-zone manual is required to establish consistent sp.ed zones across a state. This p.p.r reviewed the literature on sp.ed, crashes, enforcement techniques, and sp.ed-zone manuals. A nationwide survey was conducted to identify various factors affecting the decisions of sp.ed zones establishing. This p.p.r identified best p.actices based on the literature review and exp.rt op.nions, and p.op.sed a comp.ehensive framework for a sp.ed-zone manual. The Nevada DOT traffic engineers were also interviewed during this research to incorp.- rate their op.nions in the framework. The framework p.ovided in this p.p.r has six p.ases. They are; 1） sp.ed-zone identification; 2） sp.ed-limit determination; 3） transition-zone detailed design; 4） sp.ed-zone ap.roval; 5） sp.ed-limit enforcement; and 6） follow-up.study. Relevant studies, and manuals corresp.nding to each p.ases were p.esented in this p.p.r. This framework is useful for NDOT, other state DOTs within the U.S., and transp.rtation agencies worldwide that haven＇t had sp.ed zone manuals currently to develop.a p.op.r sp.ed-zone manual.

关键词： Sp.ed zone guidelineSp.ed limit guidelineRealistic sp.ed limitTraffic safetyNevada Dep.rtment ofTransp.rtation