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Targeting brain tumors with innovative nanocarriers:bridging the gap through the blood-brain barrier

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Oncology Research 2024年第5期32卷 877-897页

作者： KARAN WADHWA PAYAL CHAUHAN shobhit kumar RAKESH PAHWA RAVINDER VERMA RAJAT GOYAL GOVIND SINGH ARCHANA SHARMA NEHA RAO DEEPAK KAUSHIK Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Maharshi Dayanand UniversityRohtak124001India Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology(MIET)NH-58Delhi-Roorkee HighwayMeerut250005India Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Kurukshetra UniversityKurukshetra136119India Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Chaudhary Bansi Lal UniversityBhiwani127021India MM College of Pharmacy Maharishi Markandeshwar(Deemed to be University)Mullana-AmbalaHaryana133207India Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University(DIPSAR) Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research UniversityNew Delhi110017India

Background:Glioblastoma multiforme(GBM)is recognized as the most lethal and most highly invasive *** high likelihood of treatment failure arises fromthe presence of the blood-brain barrier(BBB)and stemcells around GBM,which avert the entry of chemotherapeutic drugs into the ***:Recently,several researchers have designed novel nanocarrier systems like liposomes,dendrimers,metallic nanoparticles,nanodiamonds,and nanorobot approaches,allowing drugs to infiltrate the BBB more efficiently,opening up innovative avenues to prevail over therapy problems and radiation ***:Relevant literature for this manuscript has been collected from a comprehensive and systematic search of databases,for example,PubMed,Science Direct,Google Scholar,and others,using specific keyword combinations,including“glioblastoma,”“brain tumor,”“nanocarriers,”and several ***:This review also provides deep insights into recent advancements in nanocarrier-based formulations and technologies for GBM *** of various scientific advances in conjunction with encouraging findings concerning the future perspectives and challenges of nanocarriers for effective brain tumor management has also been discussed.

关键词： Glioblastoma Brain tumor Blood-brain barrier Liposomes Metallic nanoparticles Nanocarriers

Soil-Plant-Microbe Interactions in Stressed Agriculture Management:A Review

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Pedosphere 2017年第2期27卷 177-192页

作者： shobhit Raj VIMAL Jay Shankar SINGH Naveen kumar ARORA Surendra SINGH Department of Environmental Microbiology Babashaeb Bhimrao Ambedkar (Central) University Lucknow 226025 (India) Department of Botany Banaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005 (India)

The expected rise in temperature and decreased precipitation owing to climate change and unabated anthropogenic activities add complexity and uncertainty to agro-industry. The impact of soil nutrient imbalance, mismanaged use of chemicals, high temperature, flood or drought, soil salinity, and heavy metal pollutions, with regard to food security, is increasingly being explored worldwide. This review describes the role of soil-plant-microbe interactions along with organic manure in solving stressed agriculture problems. Beneficial microbes associated with plants are known to stimulate plant growth and enhance plant resistance to biotic （diseases） and abiotic （salinity, drought, pollutions, etc.） stresses. The plant growth-promoting rhizobemteria （PGPR） and mycorrhizae, a key component of soil microbiota, could play vital roles in the maintenance of plant fitness and soil health under stressed environments. The application of organic manure as a soil conditioner to stressed soils along with suitable microbial strains could further enhance the plant-microbe associations and increase the crop yield. A combination of plant, stress-tolerant microbe, and organic amendment represents the tripartite association to offer a favourable environment to the proliferation of beneficial rhizosphere microbes that in turn enhance the plant growth performance in disturbed agro-ecosystem. Agriculture land use patterns with the proper exploitation of plant-microbe associations, with compatible beneficial microbial agents, could be one of the most effective strategies in the management of the concerned agriculture lands owing to climate change resilience. However, the association of such microbes with plants for stressed agriculture management still needs to be explored in greater depth.

关键词： beneficial microbes fungi microbial agents rnycorrhiza organic manure pathogen plant health plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria

Application of a probabilistic LHS-PAWN approach to assess building cooling energy demand uncertainties

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Building Simulation 2022年第3期15卷 373-387页

作者： shobhit Chaturvedi Elangovan Rajasekar Department of Architecture and Planning Indian Institute of TechnologyRoorkeeIndia

A deterministic approach to building energy simulation risks the omission of real-world uncertainties leading to prediction *** paper highlights limitations of this approach by contrasting it with a probabilistic uncertainty/sensitivity simulation *** hypercube sampling(LHS)generates 15000 unique model configurations to assess the effects of weather,physical and operational uncertainties on the annual and peak cooling energy demands for a residential building which situated in a hot and dry climatic *** simulations predicted 0.22–2.17 and 0.45–1.62 times variation in annual and peak cooling energy demands,respectively,compared to deterministic simulation.A novel density-based global sensitivity analysis(SA),i.e.,PAWN,is adopted to identify dominant input *** traditional SA methods,PAWN allows simultaneous treatment of continuous and categorical inputs from a generic input-output *** is favourable when computational resources are limited and model outputs are skewed or *** annual and peak cooling demands,the effects of weather and operational parameters associated with airconditioner and window operation are much stronger than these of other parameters ***,these parameters warrant greater attention during modelling and simulation *** and convergence analysis also confirm the validity of these results.

关键词： building energy code(BEC) cooling energy demand uncertainty analysis PAWN sensitivity analysis

A spatio-temporal assessment and prediction of Ahmedabad's urban growth between 1990–2030

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2022年第9期32卷 1791-1812页

作者： shobhit CHATURVEDI Kunjan SHUKLA Elangovan RAJASEKAR Naimish BHATT Department of Architecture and Planning Indian Institute of TechnologyRoorkee247667India Department of Civil Engineering School of TechnologyPandit Deendayal Petroleum UniversityGandhinagar382007India

Analyzing long term urban growth trends can provide valuable insights into a city’s future *** study employs LANDSAT satellite images from 1990,2000,2010 and 2019 to perform a spatiotemporal assessment and predict Ahmedabad’s urban *** Use Land Change(LULC)maps developed using the Maximum Likelihood classifier produce four principal classes:Built-up,Vegetation,Water body,and“Others”.In between 1990-2019,the total built-up area expanded by 130%,132 km^(2) in 1990 to 305 km^(2) in *** population growth is the chief contributor towards urban growth as the city added 3.9 km^(2) of additional built-up area to accommodate every 100,000 new ***,a Multi-Layer Perceptron-Markov Chain model(MLP-MC)predicts Ahmedabad’s urban expansion by *** to 2019,the MLP-MC model predicts a 25%and 19%increase in Ahmedabad’s total urban area and population by ***,these trends shall generate many socio-economic and environmental ***,future urban development policies must balance further development and environmental damage.

关键词： land use land cover urbanization maximum likelihood classification multi-layer perceptron–Markov chain model

An Intelligent Forecasting Model for Disease Prediction Using Stack Ensembling Approach

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第3期70卷 6041-6055页

作者： shobhit Verma Nonita Sharma Aman Singh Abdullah Alharbi Wael Alosaimi Hashem Alyami Deepali Gupta Nitin Goyal Computer Science&Engineering Department Dr.B.R.Ambedkar National Institute of TechnologyJalandharIndia Computer Science&Engineering Department Lovely Professional UniversityJalandharIndia Department of Information Technology College of Computers and Information TechnologyTaif UniversityP.O.Box 11099Taif 21944Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of Computers and Information TechnologyTaif UniversityP.O.Box 11099Taif 21944Saudi Arabia Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology Chitkara UniversityPunjabIndia

This research work proposes a new stack-based generalization ensemble model to forecast the number of incidences of conjunctivitis *** addition to forecasting the occurrences of conjunctivitis incidences,the proposed model also improves performance by using the ensemble *** rate of acute Conjunctivitis per 1000 for Hong Kong is collected for the duration of the first week of January 2010 to the last week of December ***-processing techniques such as imputation of missing values and logarithmic transformation are applied to pre-process the data sets.A stacked generalization ensemble model based on Auto-ARIMA(Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average),NNAR(Neural Network Autoregression),ETS(Exponential Smoothing),HW(Holt Winter)is proposed and applied on the *** analysis is conducted on the collected dataset of conjunctivitis disease,and further compared for different performance *** result shows that the RMSE(Root Mean Square Error),MAE(Mean Absolute Error),MAPE(Mean Absolute Percentage Error),ACF1(Auto Correlation Function)of the proposed ensemble is decreased *** the RMSE,for instance,error values are reduced by 39.23%,9.13%,20.42%,and 17.13%in comparison to Auto-ARIMA,NAR,ETS,and HW model *** research concludes that the accuracy of the forecasting of diseases can be significantly increased by applying the proposed stack generalization ensemble model as it minimizes the prediction error and hence provides better prediction trends as compared to Auto-ARIMA,NAR,ETS,and HW model applied discretely.

关键词： Disease prediction stack ensemble neural network autoregression exponential smoothing auto-ARIMA holt winter

Surgical management of zygomatic complex fractures in a major trauma centre

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Plastic and Aesthetic Research 2019年第5期6卷 10-22页

作者： Daniel Bradley Billy Leung shobhit Saxena Mohammed Dungarwalla David Chapireau Kathleen Fan Faculty of Dentistry Oral&Craniofacial SciencesKing’s College LondonLondon SE11ULUnited Kingdom.2Department of Oral&Maxillofacial SurgeryKing’s College London Hospital NHS Foundation TrustLondon SE59RSUnited Kingdom.

Aim: To analyse the epidemiology, aetiology, and surgical management of zygomatic complex (ZMC) fractures in our major trauma centre, and to compare the number and location of fixation points and surgical access in our patient cohort with the literature. Methods: Retrospective analysis of all operative cases (Open Reduction and Internal Fixation) of zygomatic complex fractures over a one year period (2016). Results: A greater proportion of patients in our cohort (54%) were treated with one-point fixation compared to the literature, with the zygomaticomaxillary (ZM) buttress being the most popular fixation point (90%). ZM buttress and frontozygomatic (FZ) suture were the commonest choices for two-point fixations (70%). Buccal sulcus incision was used for ZM access in all cases. For FZ access, upper blepharoplasty incision was the most common (56%). For infra-orbital margin access, transconjunctival incision was the most common (75%). There was no significant association between number of fixation points and presence of associated injuries, impact of injury, or time to operation. There were no post-operative complications. Conclusion: A greater proportion of patients in our cohort were successfully treated with one point fixation compared to the literature, and fewer patients underwent orbital floor exploration and repair in our cohort compared to the literature. This study highlights the ongoing variation in the surgical management of ZMC fractures.

关键词： Zygomatic complex fractures ZMC open reduction internal fixation zygomaticomaxillary buttress

Clinical outcomes and gut microbiota analysis of severe alcohol-associated hepatitis patients undergoing healthy donor fecal transplant or pentoxifylline therapy:single-center experience from Kerala

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Gastroenterology Report 2022年第1期10卷 566-574页

作者： Cyriac Abby Philips Rizwan Ahamed Sasidharan Rajesh shobhit Singh Ajit Tharakan Jinsha K.Abduljaleel Philip Augustine Clinical and Translational Hepatology The Liver InstituteCenter of Excellence in GI SciencesRajagiri HospitalChunangamvelyAluvaErnakulamKeralaIndia Monarch Liver Laboratory The Liver InstituteCenter of Excellence in GI SciencesRajagiri HospitalChunangamvelyAluvaErnakulamKeralaIndia Department of Gastroenterology and Advanced GI Endoscopy Center of Excellence in GI SciencesRajagiri HospitalChunangamvelyAluvaErnakulamKeralaIndia Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Center of Excellence in GI SciencesRajagiri HospitalChunangamvelyAluvaErnakulamKeralaIndia

Background Severe alcohol-associated hepatitis(SAH)patients with infections have a high short-term mortality *** microbiota dysbiosis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of *** studies have demonstrated long-term benefits with healthy donor fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT).Data on FMT compared with pentoxifylline for SAH and relevant gut microbial changes are lacking in *** From January 2019 to February 2021,retrospective analysis of a single hospital’s records revealed 47 SAH patients undergoing FMT(100mL/day via nasoduodenal tube for 7days)and 25matched patients receiving pentoxifylline(400mg/8 h for 28days).The primary end point was a 6-month survival *** end points included incidence of ascites,hepatic encephalopathy,infections,acute kidney injury,and gutmicrobiota changes between post-therapy *** discovery and network analysis were also performed to identify significant taxa of gutmicrobiota in post-treatment groups in retrospectively stored stool *** All were *** 6-month survival rate was higher in the patients undergoing FMT than in patients receiving pentoxifylline(83.0%vs 56.0%,P=0.012).At the end of 6-month follow-up,the incidences of clinically significant ascites(56.0%vs 25.5%,P=0.011),hepatic encephalopathy(40.0%vs 10.6%,P=0.003),and critical infections(52.0%vs 14.9%,P<0.001)in patients administered pentoxifylline were significantly higher than those in patients treated with *** 3 months,biomarker analysis revealed a significant abundance of Bifidobacterium and Eggerthella in the FMT group and the pentoxifylline group,*** 6 months,Bifidobacterium in the FMT group and pathogenic Aerococcaceae in the pentoxifylline group were *** analysis showed beneficial taxa(Bifidobacterium)as a central influencer in those undergoing FMT at 6 *** Healthy donor FMT improved survival rate and reduced liver-related complications compared with pe

关键词： fecal microbiota stool transplant alcoholic hepatitis liver transplant dysbiosis

Role of first day levels and subsequent trends of serum proteins in acute burns

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Journal of Acute Disease 2018年第1期7卷 31-35页

作者： shobhit Gupta Sameek Bhattacharya Parul Goyal Department of Burns Plastic&Maxillofacial SurgeryPGIMER&Dr.Ram Manohar Lohia HospitalNew DelhiIndia Department of Biochemistry PGIMER&Dr.Ram Manohar Lohia HospitalNew DelhiIndia

Objective: To explore the role of first day levels and subsequent trends of serum proteins as prognostic indicators in acute burns. Methods: This prospective observational study was carried on 100 burn patients (18-60 years with 20% to 60% total burned body surface area). Serum albumin, globulin and total protein were estimated on alternate days starting from first day of burn. The first day value and the trend of serial values throughout the clinical course were compared between survivor and non-survivor groups. Results: Mean day 1 serum values of albumin, globulin, and total protein were significantly higher in the survivors compared to non-survivors (P<0.0001). Univariate logistic regression showed that increase in day one value of serum albumin, globulin and total protein by 10g /L each, significantly decreased risk of mortality by 99.4%, 98.3% and 96.6%, respectively. The serial serum values of albumin, globulin and total protein showed rising and declining trends in survivors and non-survivor respectively. Based on the ROC curve, the cut off values at any point during the course below which the prognosis was poor were 16.0 g/L, 18.0 g/L and 39.0 g/L for albumin globulin and total protein, respectively. Conclusions: The study highlights the prognostic importance of day one value and trend of serum albumin, serum globulin and total protein in acute burns. The trend of serum proteins over the course of burns should be monitored for better patient management.

关键词： Burns Albumin Total protein Trends Prognosis

Osteoporosis: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Evaluation and Treatment

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Open Journal of Orthopedics 2022年第4期12卷 153-182页

作者： Manoj Chadha Ram Chaddha Hema Divakar Hemant Kalyan shobhit Seth Poonam Shah Department of Endocrinology P.D. Hinduja Hospital Mumbai India Department of Orthopedics Lilavati Hospital Mumbai India Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Divakars Specialty Hospital Mumbai India Department of Orthopedics Manipal Hospital Bangalore India Department of Medical Affairs Integrace Pvt. Ltd Mumbai India

Purpose: Osteoporosis is a global health disease. Increasing life span will add to the burden of osteoporosis, especially in postmenopausal women. The lifetime risk of osteoporotic fractures is 30% to 40%. Fractures pose an extensive burden on healthcare resources. Therefore, early diagnosis of osteoporosis is necessary. Methods: In this review, we provide a comprehensive approach to the current epidemiology, diagnosis aspects, treatments and fracture management in relation to the osteoporosis. Results: In assessing osteoporotic patients, good medical history with identification of clinical risk factors should be done. Along with basic blood investigations, bone mineral density, vertebral imaging, and bone turnover markers can aid the accurate diagnosis of bone loss. Modification of risk factors and dietary interventions are the first step in managing osteoporosis. Multiple options can be tailored to the individual needs in the treatment of osteoporosis. The frequency and duration for which the treatment is continued depend on the individual response to treatment. For fractures, surgical management is necessary whereas pharmacological interventions are needed to prevent further fractures. As osteoporosis often goes unrecognized until one or more fractures occur, it is important to understand the impact of osteoporosis. Conclusion: Osteoporosis remains a significant health problem globally that needs immediate attention to improve bone quality and prevent fractures associated with it optimally.

关键词： Osteoporosis Bone Loss Vertebral Fractures Vitamin D