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Erect panicle super rice varieties enhance yield by harvest index advantages in high nitrogen and density conditions

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2017年第7期16卷 1467-1473页

作者： TANG Liang GAO Hong Hirooka Yoshihiro Homma Koki Nakazaki Tetsuya LIU Tian-sheng shiraiwa tatsuhiko XU Zheng-jin Rice Research Institute Shenyang Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Northeast Rice Biology and BreedingMinistry of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Northern japonica Super Rice BreedingMinistry of EducationShenyang 110866P.R.China Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences Shenyang 110161P.R.China Laboratory of Plant Breeding Graduate School of AgricultureKyoto UniversityKyoto 606-8502Japan

The erect panicle （Ep） type is an important characteristic for japonica super rice in Northeast China and plays a significant role in enhancing yield. The Ep type is considered to be a genetic ideotype resource to the japonica super rice group by virtue of its agronomic advantages such as grain number per panicle and biomass. This study addresses the effects of nitrogen and planting density conditions on yielding performance regarding panicle type （PT） using the recombinant inbred line （RIL） population derived from the cross between an Ep variety Liaogeng 5 and non-Ep variety Wanlun 422. The genetics underlying the Ep type proved to be robust not only for panicle-type optimization but also plant height, panicle length, flag leaf length and seed density. We also found that regardless of nitrogen and density, correlation between harvest index （HI） and plant height was not significant in Ep type whatever the nitrogen and density. The application of Ep type provides a potential strategy for yield improvement by increasing biomass through HI maintainable in rice.

关键词： super rice erect panicle harvest index nitrogen planting density

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Effects of erect panicle genotype and environment interactions on rice yield and yield components

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023年第3期22卷 716-726页

作者： WANG Yuan-zheng Olusegun IDOWU WANG Yun HOMMA Koki NAKAZAKI Tetsuya ZHENG Wen-jing XU Zheng-jin shiraiwa tatsuhiko Rice Research Institute Liaoning Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenyang 110101P.R.China Division of Agronomy and Horticulture Science Graduate School of AgricultureKyoto UniversityKyoto 606-8501Japan Rice Research Institute Shenyang Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Northeast Rice Biology and BreedingMinistry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Northern Japonica Super Rice BreedingMinistry of EducationShenyang 110866P.R.China Division of Biological Resource Sciences Graduate School of Agricultural ScienceTohoku UniversitySendai 980-8576Japan

The dense and erect panicle (EP) genotype conferred by DEP1 has been widely used in the breeding of high-yield Chinese japonica rice ***,the breeding value of the EP genotype has rarely been determined at the plant population ***,the effects of the interaction of EP genotype and the environment at different locations and times on rice yield and its various components were investigated in this *** sets of near-isogenic lines (NILs)of EP and non-EP (NEP) genotypes with Liaojing 5 (LG5) and Akitakomachi (AKI) backgrounds were grown in the field in 2016 and 2017 in Shenyang,China,and Kyoto,*** 2018,these sets were grown only in Kyoto,*** average yields of the EP and NEP genotypes were 6.67 and 6.13 t ha^(-1)for the AKI background,and 6.66 and 6.58 t ha^(-1)for the LG5 background,*** EP genotype positively affected panicle number (PN) and grain number per square meter (GNPM),mostly resulting in a positive effect on harvest index (HI).In contrast,the EP genotype exerted a negative effect on thousand-grain weight (KGW).The ratio of the performance of the EP genotype relative to the NEP genotype in terms of yield and total biomass correlated positively with mean daily solar radiation during a 40-day period around *** results indicate that the effectiveness of the EP genotype depends on the availability of solar radiation,and the effect of this genotype is consistently positive for sink formation,conditional in terms of source capacity,and positive in a high-radiation environment.

关键词： erect panicle genotype by environment interaction rice(Oryza sativa L.) solar radiation yield

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Adaptability of High-Yielding Rice Cultivars in Relation to Biomass Productivity under Moderately Water Stressed Upland Conditions

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Agricultural Sciences 2015年第3期6卷 352-364页

作者： Tomohiro Hyoda Koki Homma tatsuhiko shiraiwa Keisuke Katsura Takeshi Horie Graduate School of Agriculture Kyoto University Kyoto Japan

Recent studies have focused on the improvement of rice productivity under aerobic conditions for times when water resources and food production are limited. This study aimed to evaluate the adaptability of high-yielding rice cultivars to moderately water-stressed upland conditions in order to contribute breeding. A three-year field experiment in the temperate climate of Kyoto, Japan, indicated that the decrease in yield was mainly derived from a decrease in above-ground total dry matter (TDM) rather than a decrease in harvest index (HI). Although the decrease in TDM was mostly caused by a decrease in radiation use efficiency (RUE), we determined that the key to adapting high-yielding cultivars to upland conditions is intercepted radiation per day (IRPD), governed by leaf area index (LAI). Although the effect was not robust, LAI growth under upland conditions was associated with root length density. RUE was dependent on leaf water potential (LWP), indicating that a plant’s ability to maintain LWP under water-stressed conditions is important. The results also suggest the necessity of a canopy analyzer to evaluate LAI, as well as an infrared radiation thermometer to evaluate RUE. Performing such measurements during breeding efforts allows us to select for genotypes that are suitable for less stressed aerobic conditions.

关键词： Intercepted Radiation Radiation Use Efficiency Root Length Density Leaf Water Potential Temperature Difference between Canopy and Air

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直立穗型基因与环境对水稻产量及产量构成因素的相互作用

直立穗型基因与环境对水稻产量及产量构成因素的相互作用

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2019年中国作物学会学术年会

作者：王远征 Olusegun Idowu 王韵 Homma Koki Nakazaki Tetsuya 徐正进 shiraiwa tatsuhiko 沈阳农业大学水稻研究所/教育部和辽宁省北方粳稻遗传育种重点实验室/农业部东北水稻生物学与遗传育种重点实验室 Division of Agronomy and Horticulture Science Graduate School of Agriculture Kyoto University Department of Agronomy Graduate School of Science Tohoku University

水稻直立穗型作为继矮化和理想株型后水稻株型适应高产要求的又一重要形态变化,直立穗型的主要生理生态特点为群体结构合理,光照分布均匀,冠层内光照强度、湿度、温度及CO等生态条件优越,同时降低了反射辐射,促进了气体交换,水稻生长中... 详细信息

水稻直立穗型作为继矮化和理想株型后水稻株型适应高产要求的又一重要形态变化,直立穗型的主要生理生态特点为群体结构合理,光照分布均匀,冠层内光照强度、湿度、温度及CO等生态条件优越,同时降低了反射辐射,促进了气体交换,水稻生长中后期群体生长率较高,从而具有较高的生物产量。由DEP1基因调控的直立穗型基因(EP基因)被广泛应用到中国粳稻的高产育种中,然而目前EP基因在群体水平上对育种应用价值的研究却很少,本研究的目的为确定EP基因型与不同生态地点、不同年份的环境对水稻产量及产量构成要素的相互作用,通过构建两套以秋田小町及辽粳5号为遗传背景,基因型为EP及NEP的近等基因系,并在2016和2017及2018年种植在沈阳(中国)及京都(日本)两地。秋田小町背景下EP及NEP的平均产量分别为6.67吨/公顷及6.13吨/公顷,辽粳5背景下EP及NEP的平均产量分别为6.66吨/公顷及6.58吨/公顷。EP基因的作用可以增加穗数及每平方米穗粒数从而增加收获指数,但EP基因降低了千粒重。EP基因型与NEP基因型在产量的比值及在生物产量上的比值与抽穗前15天到抽穗后25天间40天均日辐射呈显著正相关,说明EP基因型的有效性取决于太阳辐射的有效性。本实验研究表明,EP基因型始终对水稻物质形成有积极作用,但却需要在高的太阳辐射下对与水稻源产生积极影响,由于EP基因型在两种遗传背景间的对物候学响应的差异,使得仅在秋田小町背景下EP基因型的效用具有较高的产量潜力,EP基因型在两个遗传背景下对穗数及每平方米穗粒数的作用都呈现出一致的促进作用,进而EP基因型表现出对水稻经济系数的积极影响。

关键词：直立穗型基因基因型与环境互作影响水稻太阳辐射产量

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