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Low-mature gases and their resource potentiality

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Chinese Journal Of Geochemistry 2009年第3期28卷 231-238页

作者： XU Yongchang WANG Xiaofeng shi baoguang The Key Laboratory of Gas Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China

In the 80’s of last century, based on the advances in natural gas exploration practice, the concepts of bio-thermocatalytic transitional-zone gas and early thermogenetic gas were proposed, and the lower limit Ro values for the formation and accumulation of thermogenetic natural gases of industrial importance have been extended to 0.3%–0.4%. In accordance with the two-stage model established on the basis of carbon isotope fractionation involved in the formation of coal-type natural gases, the upper limit Ro values of lowly evolved natural gases should be set at 0.8%–1.0%. This is the concept of low-mature gas which is commonly accepted at the present time. The Urengoy super-large gas field in western Siberian Basin is a typical example of low-mature gas field, where low-mature gas reserves account for 20% of the globally proven natural gas reserves, and this fully indicates the importance of this kind of resources. The proven reserves of natural gases in the Turpan-Hami Basin of China are approximate to 1000×108 m3, and the thermal evolution indices of source rocks are Ro=0.4%–0.8%. The δ13C1 values of methane are mainly within the range of -44‰– -39‰ (corresponding to Ro=0.6%–0.8%), and those of ethane are mainly within the range of -29‰– -26‰, indicating that these natural gases should be designated to the coal-type low-mature gases. The light hydrocarbon evolution indices of natural gases also provide strong evidence suggesting that they are the coal-type low-mature gases. If so, low-mature gas in the Turpan-Hami Basin has been accumulated to such an extent as to be equivalent to the total reserves of three large-sized gas fields, and their existence is of great significance in the study and exploration of China’s low-mature gases. If it is evidenced that the source rocks of low-mature gases are related mainly to coal measures, China’s abundant lowly evolved coal series resources will provide a huge resource potentiality for the generation of low-mature gases.

关键词：资源潜力低成熟气体

Carbon and hydrogen isotopic composition and generation pathway of biogenic gas in China

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Chinese Journal Of Geochemistry 2009年第2期28卷 119-124页

作者： SHEN Ping WANG Xiaofeng XU Yin shi baoguang XUYongchang The Key Laboratory of Gas Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China

The carbon and hydrogen isotopic composition of biogenic gas is of great importance for the study of its generation pathway and reservoiring characteristics. In this paper, the formation pathways and reservoiring characteristics of biogenic gas reservoirs in China are described in terms of the carbon and hydrogen isotopic compositions of 31 gas samples from 10 biogenic gas reservoirs. The study shows that the hydrogen isotopic compositions of these biogenic gas reservoirs can be divided into three intervals: δDCH4>-200‰,-250‰<δDCH4<-200‰ and δDCH4<-250‰. The forerunners believed that the main generation pathway of biogenic gas under the condition of continental fresh water is acetic fermentation. Our research results showed that the generation pathway of biogenic gas under the condition of marine facies is typical CO2-reduction, the biogenic gas has heavy hydrogen isotopic composition: its δDCH4 values are higher than-200‰; that the biogenic gas under the condition of continental facies also was generated by the same way, but its hydrogen isotopic composition is lighter than that of biogenetic gas generated under typical marine facies condition: -250‰<δDCH4<-200‰, the δDCH4 values may be related to the salinity of the water medium in ancient lakes. From the relevant data of the Qaidam Basin, it can be seen that the hydrogen isotopic composition of biogenic methane has the same variation trend with increasing salinity of water medium. There are biogenic gas reservoirs formed in transitional regions under the condition of continental facies. These gas reservoirs resulted from both CO2-reduction and acetic fermentation, the formation of which may be related to the non-variant salinity of ancient water medium and the relatively high geothermal gradient, as is the case encountered in the Baoshan Basin. The biogenic gas generating in these regions has light hydrogen isotopic composition: δDCH4<-250‰, and relatively heavy carbon isotopic composition. There is a fairly stro

关键词：碳同位素组成生物气藏二氧化碳重氢中国气藏描述醋酸发酵古水介质

Characteristics of mantle degassing and deep-seated geological structures in different typical fault zones of China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2005年第7期48卷 1074-1088页

作者： TAO Mingxin XU Yongchang shi baoguang JIANG Zhongti SHEN Ping LI Xiaobin SUN Mingliang Key Laboratory of Gas Geochemistry Lanzhou Institute of GeologyChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875China The Practical Geologic Data Center State Land Resource DepartmentSanhe 065201China

In this paper a comprehensive tracing study is conducted on mantle degassing and deep-seated geological structures in different types of fault zones in the continent of China based on the helium isotope data, coupled with some indices such as CO2/3He, CH4/3He and 40Ar/36Ar, and geological tectonics data. There are four representative types of fault zones: (1) Lithospheric fault zones in the extensional tectonic environment are characterized by a small Earth’s crust thickness, a lower CH4/3He-high R and lower CO2/3He-high R system, the strongest mantle de- gassing, and the dominance of mantle fluid, as is represented by the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone. (2) The lithospheric fault zones or the subduction zone in the strongly compresso-tectonic envi- ronment, for instance, the Bangonghu-Nujiang fault zone, are characterized by a huge thick Earth’s crust, with the R/Ra values within the range of 0.43―1.13, and weak mantle degassing with mantle-source helium accounting for 5%―14% of the total. (3) The deep-seated fault zones at the basinal margins of an orogenic belt are characterized by R values being on order of mag- nitude of 10?7, and the CH4/3He values, 109―1010, CO2/3He values, 106―108; as well as much weak mantle degassing. (4) The crustal fault zones in the orogenic belt, such as the Yaojie fault zone (F19), possess a high CH4/3He-low R (10?8) and high CO2/3He-low R system, with no obvi- ous sign of mantle degassing. Studies have shown that the deep-seated huge fault zones are the major channel ways for mantle degassing, the main factors controlling the intensity of mantle degassing are fault depth, tectonic environment and crust thickness; the intensity of mantle de- gassing can reflect the depth and the status of deep-seated tectonic environment of fault, while the geochemical tracing studies of gases can open up a new research approach; upwelling ac- tivity of hydrothermal fluids from the deep interior of the Earth may be one of the driving forces for the forma

关键词： fault zone mantle degassing deep-seated structure 3He/4He CO2/3He CH4/3He.

Groundbreaking gas source rock correlation research based on the application of a new experimental approach for adsorbed gas

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2012年第5期57卷 4746-4752页

作者： shi baoguang SHEN Ping WANG XiaoFeng ZHEN JianJing The Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Resources Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000China

Many years of experimentation have led to the development and improvement of equipment and methods used to make gas source rock *** crushing samples using a ball mill and directly collecting adsorbed gases in the absence of aqueous media under high vacuum conditions,most possible interference factors,such as atmospheric pollution,crushing-induced pyrolysis,and gas collection by aqueous media are *** greatly enhances the volume percentage of hydrocarbon gas in the acquired adsorbed gases,with maxima up to more than 80%.The actual measurement of carbon isotopic series can be carried out to such an extent as to be δ13C1-δ13C5.A preliminary study using newly established equipment and methods has indicated the following.(1) The carbon isotopic composition of ethane in adsorbed gases on hydrocarbon source rocks can be used to distinguish the types of source *** is consistent with results obtained by using organic geochemical parameters for source rocks,and illustrates that it is highly feasible to use the carbon isotopic composition of ethane in natural gases as a parameter for distinguishing the types of source rocks.(2) The thermal evolution degree(Ro) of hydrocarbon-source rocks calculated in terms of the carbon isotopic composition of methane in adsorbed gases on hydrocarbon source rocks agrees well with the vitrinite reflectance actually measured in the source *** confirms the reliability of the relationship between the carbon isotopic composition of methane in natural gases and the thermal evolution degree determined using statistics.(3) Finally,a direct gas source correlation method for natural gases has been established,and the expression of log Ro vs.δ13C1 established in terms of actually measured δ13C1 values of methane in absorbed *** values of hydrocarbon source rocks have been established as well,thus creating favorable conditions for precise oil-and-gas source correlations in exploration areas.

关键词：气体收集气源岩吸附碳同位素组成突破性热演化程度验方应用

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Secondary biogenic coalbed gas in some coal fields of China

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2005年第S1期50卷 24-29页

作者： TAO Mingxin WANG Wanchun XIE Guangxin LI Jinying WANG Yanlong ZHANG Xiaojun ZHANG Hong shi baoguang GAO Bo Key Laboratory of Gas Geochemistry Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China College of Resources Science&Technology Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Xi’an Branch of China Coal Research Institute Xi’an 710054China

The secondary biogenic coalbed gas, a new genetic and energy source type of coalbed gas in China, has been found in Xinji, Liyazhuang and Enhong areas. The essential characteristics of this type of gas are: (i) the major component of the gas is methane, with C1/C1-5 value higher than 0.99, indicating that the gas is part of dry gas; (ii) theδ13C1 value is in the range of -61.7‰to -47.9‰, mostly lower than -55‰, which is much lower than the estimatedδ13C1 value of thermogenic methane according to the thermal evolution degree of the coal rocks (with R0 value from 0.87% to 1.43%), showing the characteristics of the secondary biogenic gas; (iii) theδ5D value of methane ranges from -244‰to -196‰; (iv)δ13C 2 value ranges from -26.7‰to -15.9‰andδ13C 3 value ranges from -10.8‰to -25.3‰, indicating that the heavier hydrocarbons have a thermogenic origin; (v) the content of CO2 is very low, andδ13CCO2 value changes greatly, reflecting a characteristic of secondary change; (vi)δ15N2 value ranges mainly from -1‰to +1‰, indicating N2 derived significantly from air. The negative linear correlation between the contents of N2 and CH4 reflects the activity of bacteria bearing surface water infiltrating into coal beds. The comprehensive tracing indices show that the coalbed gas in the studied areas is the mixed gas of primarily secondary biogenic gas and a part of remnant thermogenic gas. The uplift of coal beds and the development of faults in the studied areas create favorable conditions for the formation of the secondary biogenic gas.

关键词： coalbed gas secondary biogenic gas thermogenic gas dry gas δ13C δD δ15N China.

Innovation of experimental methodology for adsorbed gases on hydrocarbon-source rocks

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Innovation of experimental methodology for adsorbed gases on...

Hydrogen isotope characteristics of thermogenic methane in Chinese sedimentary basins

中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2013年度（第13届）学术年会

作者： shi baoguang WANG Xiaofeng XU Yongchang ZHEN Jianjing The Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Resources Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of Sciences

As compared to the device developed by our predecessors,the newly developed adsorbed gas degasification -collection device has a series of advantages such as wide sample application range,large sample inlet,high vacuum,short-time sample smashing,low crushing temperature and water-free gas collection,which ensure the geochemical characteristics of acquired adsorbed gas samples to be the same as those of the adsorbed gases on corresponding hydrocarbon-source *** results showed that the acquired adsorbed gases arc composed mainly of hydrocarbon gas and carbon dioxide gas,with the hydrocarbon gas accounting for more than 80%,and can be measured reliably for theirδ-δC data,evenδC-δC *** results of carbon isotope test and analysis satisfy the needs for the geochemical study and application of adsorbed *** above new techniques of experimental geochemistry are helpful for establishing the new direct natural gas-source correlation method,proving that the previous usual method of indirect natural gas-source correlation is scientific and authentic,thus providing the experimental basis for the study and application of adsorbed gases on hydrocarbon-source rocks.

关键词： hydrocarbon-source rock adsorbed gas gas-source correlation carbon isotopic composition

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Hydrogen isotope characteristics of thermogenic methane in C...

中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2015年度（第15届）学术年会

作者： Xiaofeng Wang Wenhui Liu baoguang shi Zhongning Zhang Yongchang Xu Jianjing Zheng Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources ResearchInstitute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Institution of Petroleum Exploration and Development SINOPEC

The hydrogen isotope composition of methane is an important parameter in natural gas research and provides complementary information to that provided by carbon *** stable hydrogen isotope ratios of 313 natural gas samples from six of China’s sedimentary basins are used to evaluate the factors that influence the stable hydrogen isotopic composition of *** important factor is the d D of organic matter in hydrocarbon source rocks,which is influenced by the sedimentary environment and type of organic *** gases generated from sapropelic organic matter have relatively less negative d D,while natural gases generated from humic organic matter have relatively more negative d *** other factor is thermal *** thermal maturity leads to d Dbecoming less negative and there exists a two stage linear relationship between the d Dand the logarithm of the vitrinite reflectance(Ro)value for natural gases generated from type Ⅲ *** third factor is the environmental conditions of the aqueous medium in the original depositional environment and after *** hydrogen from water participates in biochemical processes as organisms grow and is exchanged during the sedimentation and diagenesis of organic matter as well as maturity process of kerogen to generate *** influence of the aqueous medium on d Dafter formation of natural gases can be *** these factors,the aqueous medium is the key constraining *** d Din natural gases can be combined with the use of stable carbon isotopic composition to identify the origins of natural gases and to aid gas-source correlations.

关键词： Natural gas Hydrogen isotope Thermogenic methane Chinese sedimentary basins

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低熟气——煤成气理念的延伸

石油勘探与开发 2009年第3期36卷 408-412页

作者：徐永昌王晓锋史宝光中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所气体地球化学重点实验室

20世纪80年代末,油气地质学界提出了生物-热催化过渡带气和早期热成因气的概念。认为天然气不仅在有机质的高演化阶段可以形成,在烃源岩演化程度较低时,即0.4%≤Ro<0.6%时也可以形成规模性大气田。对低熟气的理念进行了探讨,将低熟气形... 详细信息

20世纪80年代末,油气地质学界提出了生物-热催化过渡带气和早期热成因气的概念。认为天然气不仅在有机质的高演化阶段可以形成,在烃源岩演化程度较低时,即0.4%≤Ro<0.6%时也可以形成规模性大气田。对低熟气的理念进行了探讨,将低熟气形成的热演化标尺定在0.4%≤Ro<0.8%,低熟气可以通过甲烷、乙烷碳同位素组成及轻烃特征、地质背景、烃源岩特征等予以判识,论证了前苏联乌连戈依气田和中国吐哈盆地含气区为低熟气田,指出低熟气的烃源岩主要与煤系相关,因此,低熟气可以说是煤成气理念的延伸。就中国的地质背景而言,中国煤资源量很大,其中Ro值小于0.9%的储量占60%以上,预示着低熟气在中国应当有很好的资源前景,值得予以充分关注。

关键词：低熟气煤成气吐哈盆地乌连戈依气田煤系烃源岩

Carbon isotopic fractionation by desorption of shale gases

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Carbon isotopic fractionation by desorption of shale gases