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Effect of organic matter and pH on mercury release from soils

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2007年第11期19卷 1349-1354页

作者： YANG Yong-kui ZHANG Cheng shi xiao-jun LIN Zao WANG Ding-yong College of Resources and Environment Southwest University Chongqing 400716 China Chongqing Key Lab of Agricultural Resources and Environment Chongqing 400716 China

An investigation was conducted on the effect of organic matter （OM） and pH on mercury （Hg） release from soils. Hg release flux was measured using the dynamic flux chamber （DFC） combined with the Lumex multifunctional mercury analyzer in both laboratory experiment and field monitoring. The results showed that Hg emission from the OM-added soils was apparently low because of the high affinity of OM to Hg, resulting in the reverse order as the amount of OM addition. Meanwhile, Hg release flux from different pH value soils exhibited the same trend for both Hg^2＋ and Hg2^2＋ treatment, increasing the Hg flux with pH value of soils increasing. The trend of Hg release in the pH dependence experiment has been well in agreement with that from the field test. In addition, Hg release seemed to be related to its species in the soil, the flux from Hg^2＋-added soil was obviously higher than that of Hg2^2＋-added soil by the laboratory experiment.

关键词： mercury organic matter pH release flux

Nitrogen Use Efficiency as Affected by Phosphorus and Potassium in Long-Term Rice and Wheat Experiments

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第3期13卷 588-596页

作者： DUAN Ying-hua shi xiao-jun LI Shuang-lai SUN Xi-fa HE Xin-hua Key Laboratory of Crop Nutrition and Fertilization Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences College of Resources and Environment Southwest Agricultural University Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Science Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences Soil and Fertilizer Institute Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences School of Plant Biology University of Western Australia

Improving nitrogen use efficiency （NUE） and decreasing N loss are critical to sustainable agriculture. The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of various fertilization regimes on yield, NUE, N agronomic efficiency （NAE） and N loss in long-term （16- or 24-yr） experiments carried out at three rice-wheat rotation sites （Chongqing, Suining and Wuchang） in subtropical China. Three treatments were examined： sole chemical N, N＋phosphorus （NP）, and NP＋potassium （NPK） fertilizations. Grain yields at three sites were significantly increased by 9.3-81.6% （rice） and 54.5-93.8% （wheat） under NP compared with N alone, 1.7-9.8% （rice） and 0-17.6% （wheat） with NPK compared with NP. Compared to NP, NUE significantly increased for wheat at Chongqing （9.3%） and Wuchang （11.8%）, but not at Suining, China. No changes in NUE were observed in rice between NP and NPK at all three sites. The rice-wheat rotation＇s NAE was 3.3 kg kg1 higher under NPK than under NP at Chongqing, while NAE was similar for NP and NPK at Suining and Wuchang. We estimated that an uptake increase of 1.0 kg N hal would increase 40 kg rice and 30 kg wheat ha-1. Nitrogen loss/input ratios were -60, -40 or -30% under N, NP or NPK at three sites, indicating significant decrease of N loss by P or PK additions. We attribute part of the increase in NUE soil N accumulation which significantly increased by 25-55 kg ha-1 yr1 under NPK at three sites, whereas by 35 kg ha-1 yr-1 under NP at Chongqing only. This paper illustrates that apply P and K to wheat, and reduce K application to rice is an effective nutrient management strategy for both the NUE improvement and N losses reduction in China.

关键词： apparent nitrogen balance grain yield nitrogen agronomic efficiency nitrogen loss soil nitrogen accumulation

Substituting nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer with optimal amount of crop straw improves rice grain yield,nutrient use efficiency and soil carbon sequestration

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2022年第11期21卷 3345-3355页

作者： XIE jun Blagodatskaya EVGENIA ZHANG Yu WAN Yu HU Qi-juan ZHANG Cheng-ming WANG Jie ZHANG Yue-qiang shi xiao-jun College of Resources and Environment Southwest UniversityChongqing 400716P.R.China Department of Soil Ecology UFZ–Helmholtz Centre for Environmental ResearchHalle 06120Germany Agro-Technological Institute RUDN UniversityMoscow 117198Russia School of River and Ocean Engineering Chongqing Jiaotong UniversityChongqing 400074P.R.China Research Faculty of Agriculture Hokkaido UniversitySapporo 060-8589Japan

Crop straw return after harvest is considered an important way to achieve both agronomic and environmental ***,the appropriate amount of straw to substitute for fertilizer remains unclear.A field experiment was performed from 2016 to 2018 to explore the effect of different amounts of straw to substitute for fertilizer on soil properties,soil organic carbon(SOC)storage,grain yield,yield components,nitrogen(N)use efficiency,phosphorus(P)use efficiency,N surplus,and P surplus after rice *** to mineral fertilization alone,straw substitution at 5 t ha^(-1)improved the number of spikelets per panicle,effective panicle,seed setting rate,1000-grain weight,and grain yield,and also increased the aboveground N and P uptake in *** substitution exceeding 2.5 t ha^(-1)increased the soil available N,P,and K concentrations as compared with mineral fertilization,and different amounts of straw substitution improved SOC storage compared with mineral ***,straw substitution at 5 t ha^(-1)decreased the N surplus and P surplus by up to 68.3 and 28.9%,respectively,compared to mineral *** aboveground N and P uptake and soil properties together contributed 19.3%to the variation in rice grain yield and yield *** substitution at 5 t ha^(-1),an optimal fertilization regime,improved soil properties,SOC storage,grain yield,yield components,N use efficiency(NUE),and P use efficiency(PUE)while simultaneously decreasing the risk of environmental contamination.

关键词： rice SOC storage yield components N surplus P surplus

Electron Interaction Among the Noncovalently Engineered Graphene-methylene Blue Nanocomposites

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2012年第3期28卷 520-523页

作者： LI Zhi shi xiao-jun GE Xue-ping WEI Jian-jun YANG Cun-zhong FANG Bin XIE Hai-fen AN Xing-cai School of Sciences East China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237P.R.China School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237P.R.China Gansu Natural Energy Research Institute Lanzhou 730000P.R.China

The electron interaction among the noncovalently engineered graphene-methylene blue（MB） nanocompo- site with a dipolar pull-push hybrid model was studied. The π-π interaction between reduced graphene oxide（rGO） and MB molecule was studied by 1HNMR spectroscopy. The electrochemical investigation indicates MB has a stronger electron transfer interaction with rGO than with GO. The ability of graphene-MB nanocomposites to undergo photoinduced electron transfer was confirmed from the capability of the nanocomposites coated electrode to generate photocurrent in a photoelectrochemical cell. The role of graphene as electron acceptor in the opto-electronic assembly was discussed.

关键词： Graphene Methylene blue Electron interaction Photocurrent

Effects of carcass weight, sex and breed composition on meat cuts and carcass trait in finishing pigs

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023年第5期22卷 1489-1501页

作者： XIE Lei QIN Jiang-tao RAO Lin CUI Deng-shuai TANG Xi xiao shi-jun ZHANG Zhi-yan HUANG Lu-sheng State Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology Jiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchang 330045P.R.China

Pork cutting is a very important processing in promoting economic appreciation across the swine business chain. The goal of this research is to determine the proportion and weight of meat cuts, as well as to analyze the effects of carcass weight, sex and breed composition on meat cuts. Simultaneously, we investigate the correlation between meat cuts, carcass traits and meat quality traits. To assess 17 meat cut traits, 12 carcass traits and 6 meat quality traits, we sample 2 012 pigs from four breeds, including Landrace(LD), Yorkshire(YK), Landrace Yorkshire(LY), and Duroc Landrace Yorkshire(DLY). The results showed that carcass weight, sex and breed composition have significant effects on the weight and proportion of most meat cuts. The proportion of cuts for muscle and bone decrease as carcass weight grows, whereas the proportion of cuts for fat increases. Moreover, the thickness of four-point backfat was significantly increasing(Pshing stage was used for fat deposition. Besides, the proportion of Shoulder cut(SC) and Back fat(BF) in barrows was significantly higher(P0.05). The effects of carcass weight, sex and breed

关键词： carcass meat cuts carcass traits commercial pig meat quality

Whole-genome resequencing of Japanese whiting(Sillago japonica) provide insights into local adaptations

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Zoological Research 2021年第5期42卷 548-561页

作者： Zhi-Qiang Han Xin-Yu Guo Qun Liu Shan-Shan Liu Zhi-Xin Zhang shi-jun xiao Tian-Xiang Gao Fishery College Zhejiang Ocean UniversityZhoushanZhejiang 316002China BGI-Qingdao BGI-ShenzhennQingdaoShandong 266555China Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology Tokyo University of Marine Science and TechnologyKonanMinatoTokyo 108-8477Japan Institute of Fisheries Science Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry SciencesLhasaTibet 850000China

The genetic adaptations of various organisms to heterogeneous environments in the northwestern Pacific remain poorly *** genomic divergence among populations may reflect *** understanding of the mechanisms by which organisms adapt to different temperatures in response to climate change and predicting the adaptive potential and ecological consequences of anthropogenic global warming are *** sequenced the whole genomes of Japanese whiting(Sillago japonica)specimens collected from different latitudinal locations along the coastal waters of China and Japan to detect possible thermal *** population genomics,a total of 5.48 million single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)from five populations revealed a complete genetic break between the Chinese and Japanese groups,which was attributed to both geographic distance and local *** shared natural selection genes between two isolated populations(i.e.,Zhoushan and Ise Bay/Tokyo Bay)indicated possible parallel evolution at the genetic level induced by *** genes also indicated that the process of temperature selection on isolated populations is ***,we observed natural candidate genes related to membrane fluidity,possibly underlying adaptation to cold environmental *** findings advance our understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying the rapid adaptations of fish *** distribution projection models suggested that the Chinese and Japanese groups may have different responses to future climate change,with the former expanding and the latter *** findings of this study enhance our understanding of genetic differentiation and adaptation to changing environments.

关键词： Sillago japonica Local adaptation Climate change Temperature stress Wholegenome resequencing

Genome and population evolution and environmental adaptation of Glyptosternon maculatum on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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Zoological Research 2021年第4期42卷 502-513页

作者： shi-jun xiao Zen-Bo Mou Rui-Bin Yang Ding-Ding Fan Jia-Qi Liu Yu Zou shi-Lin Zhu Ming Zou Chao-Wei Zhou Hai-Ping Liu Institute of Fisheries Science Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry SciencesLhasaTibet 810000China Department of Computer Science Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhanHubei 430070China College of Fisheries Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubei 430070China Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development(Ministry of Education) College of FisheriesSouthwest UniversityChongqing 402400China College of Plant Protection Jilin Agriculture UniversityChangchunJilin 130118China Jiaxing Key Laboratory for New Germplasm Breeding of Economic Mycology JiaxingZhejiang 314000China

Persistent uplift means the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP)is an ideal natural laboratory to investigate genome evolution and adaptation within highland ***,how paleogeographic and paleoclimatic events influence the genome and population of endemic fish species remains *** maculatum is an ancient endemic fish found on the QTP and the only critically endangered species in the Sisoridae ***,we found that major transposons in the *** genome showed episodic bursts,consistent with contemporaneous geological and climatic events during the QTP ***,histone genes showed significant expansion in the *** genome,which may be mediated by long interspersed nuclear elements(LINE)repetitive element *** analysis showed that ancestral *** populations experienced two significant depressions 2.6 million years ago(Mya)and 10000 years ago,exhibiting excellent synchronization with Quaternary glaciation and the Younger Dryas,***,we propose that paleogeography and paleoclimate were dominating driving forces for population dynamics in endemic fish on the *** movements and temperature fluctuation likely destroyed the habitat and disrupted the drainage connectivity among *** factors may have caused severe bottlenecks and limited migration among ancestral *** populations,resulting in the low genetic diversity and endangered status of the species today.

关键词： Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP) Glyptosternon maculatum Genome evolution Population High-altitude adaptation

Optimizing Nitrogen Fertilizer Application for Rice Production in the Taihu Lake Region,China

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Pedosphere 2012年第1期22卷 48-57页

作者： DENG Mei-Hua shi xiao-jun TIAN Yu-Hua YIN Bin ZHANG Shao-Lin ZHU Zhao-Liang S.D.KIMURA State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008(China) College of Resources and Environments Southwest UniversityChongqing 310047(China) United Graduate School of Agriculture Science Tokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyTokyo 1838509(Japan)

To determine the optimal amount of nitrogen(N) fertilizer for achieving a sustainable rice production at the Taihu Lake region of China,two-year on-farm field experiments were performed at four sites using various N application *** results showed that 22%-30% of the applied N was recovered in crop and 7%-31% in soils at the rates of 100-350 kg N ha *** losses increased with N application rates,from 44% of the applied fertilizer N at the rate of 100 kg N ha 1 to 69% of the N applied at 350 kg N ha *** volatilization and apparent denitrification were the main pathways of N *** N application rate of 300 kg N ha 1,which is commonly used by local farmers in the study region,was found to lead to a significant reduction in economic and environmental *** the cost for mitigating environmental pollution and the maximum net economic income,an application rate of 100-150 kg N ha 1 would be *** recommended N application rate could greatly reduce N loss from 199 kg N ha 1 occurring at the N application rate of 300 kg N ha 1 to 80-110 kg N ha 1,with the rice grain yield still reaching 7 300-8 300 kg DW ha 1 in the meantime.

关键词： economic efficiency environmental efficiency N application rate N loss rice grain yield

MicroRNA-23a reduces lipopolysaccharide-induced cellular apoptosis and inflammatory cytokine production through Rho-associated kinase 1/sirtuin-1/nuclear factor-kappa B crosstalk

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Chinese Medical Journal 2021年第7期134卷 829-839页

作者： xiao-jun shi Ye Jin Wei-Ming Xu Qing Shen jun Li Kang Chen Department of Emergency Medicine South Campus of the Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghai 201499China.

Background:MicroRNAs are closely associated with the progression and outcomes of multiple human diseases,including *** this study,we examined the role of miR-23a in septic *** Lipopolysaccharide(LPS)was used to induce sepsis in a rat model and H9C2 and HK-2 ***-23a expression was evaluated in rat myocardial and kidney tissues,as well as H9C2 and HK-2 cells.A miR-23a mimic was introduced into cells to identify the role of miR-23a in cell viability,apoptosis,and the secretion of inflammatory ***,the effect of Rho-associated kinase 1(ROCK1),a miR-23a target,on cell damage was evaluated,and molecules involved in the underlying mechanism were ***:In the rat model,miR-23a was poorly expressed in myocardial(sham *** 1.00±0.06 vs.0.27±0.03,P<0.01)and kidney tissues(sham *** 0.27±0.03 vs.1.00±0.06,P<0.01).Artificial overexpression of miR-23a resulted in increased proliferative activity(DNA replication rate:Control *** ***+Mock ***+miR-23a:H9C2 cells:34.13±3.12 vs.12.94±1.21 vs.13.31±1.43 vs.22.94±2.26,P<0.05;HK-2 cells:15.17±1.43 vs.34.52±3.46 vs.35.19±3.12 vs.19.87±1.52,P<0.05),decreased cell apoptosis(Control *** ***+Mock ***+miR-23a:H9C2 cells:11.39±1.04 vs.32.57±2.29 vs.33.08±3.12 vs.21.63±2.35,P<0.05;HK-2 cells:15.17±1.43 vs.34.52±3.46 vs.35.19±3.12 vs.19.87±1.52,P<0.05),and decreased production of inflammatory cytokines,including interleukin-6(Control *** ***+Mock ***+miR-23a:H9C2 cells:59.61±5.14 vs.113.54±12.30 vs.116.51±10.69 vs.87.69±2.97 ng/mL;P<0.05,F=12.67,HK-2 cells:68.12±6.44 vs.139.65±16.62 vs.143.51±13.64 vs.100.82±9.74 ng/mL,P<0.05,F=9.83)and tumor necrosis factor-α(Control *** ***+Mock ***+miR-23a:H9C2 cells:103.20±10.31 vs.169.67±18.84 vs.173.61±15.91 vs.133.36±12.32 ng/mL,P<0.05,F=12.67,HK-2 cells:132.51±13.37 vs.187.47±16.74 vs.143.51±13.64 vs.155.79±15.31 ng/mL,P<0.05,F=9.83)in ***,ROCK1 was identified as a miR-23a target,and further up-reg

关键词： Sepsis MicroRNA-23a ROCK1 SIRT1/NF-κB signaling pathway Apoptosis Inflammation