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Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of epilepsy: electromagnetic stimulation-mediated neuromodulation therapy and new technologies

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 917-935页

作者： Dian Jiao Lai Xu Zhen Gu Hua Yan Dingding shen Xiaosong Gu Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine Tianjin UniversityTianjinChina Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University NantongJiangsu ProvinceChina

Epilepsy is a severe,relapsing,and multifactorial neurological *** regarding the accurate diagnosis,prognosis,and in-depth pathogenesis are crucial for the precise and effective treatment of *** pathogenesis of epilepsy is complex and involves alterations in variables such as gene expression,protein expression,ion channel activity,energy metabolites,and gut microbiota *** results are lacking for conventional treatments for *** resection of lesions,drug therapy,and non-drug interventions are mainly used in clinical practice to treat pain associated with ***-pharmacological treatments,such as a ketogenic diet,gene therapy for nerve regeneration,and neural regulation,are currently areas of research *** review provides a comprehensive overview of the pathogenesis,diagnostic methods,and treatments of *** also elaborates on the theoretical basis,treatment modes,and effects of invasive nerve stimulation in neurotherapy,including percutaneous vagus nerve stimulation,deep brain electrical stimulation,repetitive nerve electrical stimulation,in addition to non-invasive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current *** studies have shown that electromagnetic stimulation-mediated neuromodulation therapy can markedly improve neurological function and reduce the frequency of epileptic ***,many new technologies for the diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy are being ***,current research is mainly focused on analyzing patients’clinical manifestations and exploring relevant diagnostic and treatment methods to study the pathogenesis at a molecular level,which has led to a lack of consensus regarding the mechanisms related to the disease.

关键词： diagnosis drug treatment electroencephalography epilepsy monitoring epilepsy nerve regeneration neurostimulation non-drug interventions pathogenesis prediction

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Morphology engineering of ZnO micro/nanostructures under mild conditions for optoelectronic application

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2025年第2期32卷 498-503页

作者： Liang Chu Haoyu shen Hudie Wei Hongyu Chen Guoqiang Ma Wensheng Yan Institute of Carbon Neutrality and New Energy&School of Electronics and Information Hangzhou Dianzi UniversityHangzhou 310018China School of Applied Physics and Materials Wuyi UniversityJiangmen 529020China

Zinc oxide(ZnO)serves as a crucial functional semiconductor with a wide direct bandgap of approximately 3.37 *** reaction is commonly used in the synthesis of ZnO micro/nanostructures,given its low cost,simplicity,and easy ***,ZnO morphology engineering has become desirable through the alteration of minor conditions in the reaction process,particularly at room *** this work,ZnO micro/nanostructures were synthesized in a solution by varying the amounts of the ammonia added at low temperatures(including room temperature).The formation of Zn^(2+)complexes by ammonia in the precursor regulated the reaction rate of the morphology engineering of ZnO,which resulted in various structures,such as nanoparticles,nanosheets,microflowers,and single ***,the obtained ZnO was used in the optoelectronic application of ultraviolet detectors.

关键词： morphology engineering low temperature ZnO nanosheets microflowers ultraviolet detector

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速效救心丸干预心肌缺血/再灌注大鼠线粒体通透性转换孔及心肌细胞凋亡

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中成药 2015年第3期37卷 469-473页

作者：陈亚妮高俊杰朱文叶陈铁军沈智杰王肖龙上海中医药大学附属曙光医院心血管科上海201203

目的观察速效救心丸(川芎、冰片)对心肌缺血/再灌注大鼠线粒体通透性转换孔及心肌细胞凋亡的影响。方法将55只SPF级Wistar大鼠随机分为空白组,模型组,速效救心丸低、中、高剂量组(每组11只)。药物组给予对应剂量的速效救心丸混悬液灌胃... 详细信息

目的观察速效救心丸(川芎、冰片)对心肌缺血/再灌注大鼠线粒体通透性转换孔及心肌细胞凋亡的影响。方法将55只SPF级Wistar大鼠随机分为空白组,模型组,速效救心丸低、中、高剂量组(每组11只)。药物组给予对应剂量的速效救心丸混悬液灌胃,空白组与模型组给予同等容积的双蒸水灌胃,连续灌胃7 d结束后结扎左冠状动脉前降支建立心肌缺血/再灌注大鼠模型。观察速效救心丸干预后心肌线粒体通透性转换孔(MPTP)、细胞色素C的表达情况,并采用TUNEL检测心肌细胞凋亡,HE染色观察大鼠心肌细胞形态。结果与空白组比较,模型组MPTP开放程度增加,细胞色素C水平升高(P<0.05),TUNEL的阳性反应面积率显著上升(P<0.01)。速效救心丸高、中、低剂量组的TUNEL阳性反应面积率等较模型组降低(P<0.01),但药物组间比较无统计学差异。速效救心丸高剂量组的MPTP开放程度(P<0.05)、细胞色素C水平(P<0.01)较模型组降低。结论速效救心丸对大鼠心肌缺血/再灌注损伤具有一定的保护作用,其机制可能与抑制MPTP的开放有关。

关键词：速效救心丸线粒体通透性转换孔细胞凋亡细胞色素C

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Cerebral fat embolism following autologous fat injection in facial reconstruction:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2025年第2期13卷 50-58页

作者： Xiu-Ying Chen Fa shen Chang Cheng Yu-Han Wang Wen-Chao Cheng De-zhi Yuan Wen Huang Department of Neurology Chongqing Emergency Medical CenterChongqing University Central HospitalChongqing 400000China Department of Neurology Xinqiao HospitalThe Army Medical University(Third Military Medical University)Chongqing 400000China

BACKGROUND Autologous fat injection in facial reconstruction is a common cosmetic *** cerebral fat embolism(CFE)as a complication is rare,it carries serious health *** SUMMARY We present a case of a 29-year-old female patient who developed acute CFE following facial fat filling *** the surgery,the patient experienced symptoms including headache,nausea,vomiting,and difficulty breathing,which was followed by neurological symptoms such as slurred speech and left-sided *** physical examination and auxiliary investigations,including blood tests,head and neck computed tomography angiography,and cranial magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging,were performed upon *** clinical diagnosis was acute cerebral embolism following facial fat filling *** included measures to improve cerebral circulation,dehydration for intracranial pressure reduction,nutritional support,and rehabilitation therapy for left limb *** patient showed a significant improvement in symptoms after 2 weeks of *** recovered left limb muscle strength to grade 5,had clear speech,and experienced complete relief of *** Our case highlights the potential occurrence of severe complications in patients undergoing fat injection in facial *** prevent these complications,plastic surgeons should enhance their professional knowledge and skills.

关键词： Cerebral fat embolism Mechanical thrombectomy Thrombolysis Steroid therapy Symptomatic treatment Case report

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左回旋支作为急性心肌梗死时梗死相关动脉的心电图特征

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实用心电学杂志 2015年第6期24卷 419-422页

作者：郭晨贤沈智杰王肖龙武进中医医院心血管病科江苏常州213161 上海中医药大学附属曙光医院心血管科上海201203

目的分析左回旋支(left circumflex artery,LCX)作为急性心肌梗死(acute myocardial infarction,AMI)时梗死相关动脉(infarct-related artery,IRA)的心电图特征。方法选取AMI时IRA为LCX及右冠(right coronary artery,RCA)的患者94例,对患者的急诊心电图特点进行回顾性分析,分别比较Ⅰ导联及a VL导联、下壁相关导联、胸导联ST段改变情况以及在下壁相关导联都抬高的情况下ST_Ⅱ与ST_Ⅲ的变化关系。结果入组患者中IRA为LCX和RCA的分别为30例和64例。1Ⅰ、a VL导联与IRA相关性分析:IRA为LCX的患者,Ⅰ导联ST段压低3例,不变或抬高27例;IRA为RCA的患者Ⅰ导联ST段压低22例,不变或抬高42例,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P=0.013);IRA为LCX的患者a VL导联ST段压低3例,不变或抬高27例;IRA为RCA的患者a VL导联ST段压低26例,不变或抬高38例,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P=0.003)。2Ⅱ、Ⅲ、a VF导联与IRA相关性分析:IRA为LCX的心电图中,下壁导联ST段抬高10例,未抬高20例;IRA为RCA的心电图中,下壁相关导联ST段抬高51例,未抬高13例,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(PST_Ⅱ3例;RCA的样本中,ST_Ⅱ≥ST_Ⅲ15例,ST_Ⅲ>ST_Ⅱ36例,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。3胸导联ST段变化与IRA的相关性分析,两组差异无统计学意义。结论 AMI时IRA为LCX的急诊心电图可表现为Ⅰ、a VL导联无明显压低,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、a VF导联亦可无明显抬高,而当下壁导联抬高且IRA为LCX时,主要表现为ST_Ⅱ≥ST_Ⅲ。

关键词：急性心肌梗死左回旋支心电图冠状动脉造影梗死相关动脉

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A Rapid Adaptation Approach for Dynamic Air‑Writing Recognition Using Wearable Wristbands with Self‑Supervised Contrastive Learning

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第2期17卷 417-431页

作者： Yunjian Guo Kunpeng Li Wei Yue Nam‑Young Kim Yang Li Guozhen shen Jong‑Chul Lee Department of Electronic Convergence Engineering Kwangwoon UniversitySeoul 01897South Korea Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit(RFIC)Bio Centre Kwangwoon UniversitySeoul 01897South Korea Department of Electronic Engineering Kwangwoon UniversitySeoul 01897South Korea School of Microelectronics Shandong UniversityJinan 250101People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and Systems Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433People’s Republic of China School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081People’s Republic of China

Wearable wristband systems leverage deep learning to revolutionize hand gesture recognition in daily *** existing approaches that often focus on static gestures and require extensive labeled data,the proposed wearable wristband with selfsupervised contrastive learning excels at dynamic motion tracking and adapts rapidly across multiple *** features a four-channel sensing array composed of an ionic hydrogel with hierarchical microcone structures and ultrathin flexible electrodes,resulting in high-sensitivity capacitance *** wireless transmission from a Wi-Fi module,the proposed algorithm learns latent features from the unlabeled signals of random wrist ***,only few-shot labeled data are sufficient for fine-tuning the model,enabling rapid adaptation to various *** system achieves a high accuracy of 94.9%in different scenarios,including the prediction of eight-direction commands,and air-writing of all numbers and *** proposed method facilitates smooth transitions between multiple tasks without the need for modifying the structure or undergoing extensive task-specific *** utility has been further extended to enhance human–machine interaction over digital platforms,such as game controls,calculators,and three-language login systems,offering users a natural and intuitive way of communication.

关键词： Wearable wristband Self-supervised contrastive learning Dynamic gesture Air-writing Human-machine interaction

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Discrete Numerical Study on Type II Fracture of Partially Detached Concrete Panels in Cold Region

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Structural Durability & Health Monitoring 2025年第1期19卷 167-191页

作者： Huayi Zhang Maobin Song Lei shen Nizar Faisal Alkayem Maosen Cao College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering Hohai UniversityNanjing210024China Haihe River Huaihe River and Xiaoqinghe River Basin Water Conservancy Management and Service Center of Shandong ProvinceJinan250100China College of Mechanics and Engineering Science Hohai UniversityNanjing211100China

When the upper chord beam of the beam-string structure(BSS)is made of concrete-ﬁlled steel tube(CFST),its overall stiffness will change greatly with the construction of concrete placement,which will have an impact on the design of the tensioning plans and selection of control measures for the *** order to accurately obtain the bending stiffness of CFST beam and clarify its impact on the mechanical properties of composite BSS during con-struction,the inﬂuence of some factors such as height-width ratio,wall thickness of steel tube,elasticity modulus of concrete,and friction coefﬁcient on the bending stiffness are analyzed parametrically by the numerical simula-tion technology based on an actual *** calculation formula of the equivalent bending stiffness of CFST is also established through mathematical statistical ***,the equivalent bending stiffness is introduced into the construction and use stages of the composite BSS,respectively,and the mechanical properties such as prestress-tensioning control value,structural deformation,and internal force of key members are comparatively analyzed when adopting two different construction ***,the optimal construction plan of concrete placementﬁrst and then prestress-tensioning is proposed.

关键词： Beam-string structure(BSS) concrete-ﬁlled steel tube(CFST) bending stiffness timing of concrete placement prestress-tensioning

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Potential role and therapeutic implications of glutathione peroxidase 4 in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 613-631页

作者： Yanxin shen Guimei Zhang Chunxiao Wei Panpan Zhao Yongchun Wang Mingxi Li Li Sun Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center The First Hospital of Jilin UniversityJilin UniversityChangchunJilin ProvinceChina Cognitive Impairment Center Department of NeurologyThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityJilin UniversityChangchunJilin ProvinceChina

Alzheimer's disease is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder with a complex and incompletely understood pathogenesis. Despite extensive research, a cure for Alzheimer's disease has not yet been found. Oxidative stress mediates excessive oxidative responses, and its involvement in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis as a primary or secondary pathological event is widely accepted. As a member of the selenium-containing antioxidant enzyme family, glutathione peroxidase 4 reduces esterified phospholipid hydroperoxides to maintain cellular redox homeostasis. With the discovery of ferroptosis, the central role of glutathione peroxidase 4 in anti-lipid peroxidation in several diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, has received widespread attention. Increasing evidence suggests that glutathione peroxidase 4 expression is inhibited in the Alzheimer's disease brain, resulting in oxidative stress, inflammation, ferroptosis, and apoptosis, which are closely associated with pathological damage in Alzheimer's disease. Several therapeutic approaches, such as small molecule drugs, natural plant products, and non-pharmacological treatments, ameliorate pathological damage and cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease by promoting glutathione peroxidase 4 expression and enhancing glutathione peroxidase 4 activity. Therefore, glutathione peroxidase 4 upregulation may be a promising strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. This review provides an overview of the gene structure, biological functions, and regulatory mechanisms of glutathione peroxidase 4, a discussion on the important role of glutathione peroxidase 4 in pathological events closely related to Alzheimer's disease, and a summary of the advances in small-molecule drugs, natural plant products, and non-pharmacological therapies targeting glutathione peroxidase 4 for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Most prior studies on this subject used animal models, and relevant clinical studies are lacking. Future clinica

关键词： apoptosis ferroptosis inflammation lipid peroxidation natural plant products neurodegenerative disorder neuroprotection oxidative stress small-molecule drugs

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钠-葡萄糖协同转运蛋白-2抑制剂联合沙库巴曲缬沙坦钠治疗射血分数降低的心力衰竭患者的临床研究

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现代生物医学进展 2023年第7期23卷 1299-1303,1357页

作者：龚中元张银妆方立沈智洁袁渊长沙市第一医院心血管内科湖南长沙410005 益阳市人民医院重症医学科湖南益阳413001

目的:探讨钠-葡萄糖协同转运蛋白-2(SGLT-2)抑制剂达格列净联合沙库巴曲缬沙坦钠治疗射血分数降低的心力衰竭(HFr EF)患者的临床疗效,以期为HFr EF患者的治疗提供合理有效治疗方案。方法:选取2020年11月-2022年4月于长沙市第一医院心血... 详细信息

目的:探讨钠-葡萄糖协同转运蛋白-2(SGLT-2)抑制剂达格列净联合沙库巴曲缬沙坦钠治疗射血分数降低的心力衰竭(HFr EF)患者的临床疗效,以期为HFr EF患者的治疗提供合理有效治疗方案。方法:选取2020年11月-2022年4月于长沙市第一医院心血管内科就诊的100例HFr EF患者为研究对象,每位患者随机赋予1个数字,获得100个随机号,按照数字奇偶法随机分为对照组和观察组各50例。其中对照组给予HFr EF标准药物治疗,观察组于对照组基础上给予SGLT-2抑制剂达格列净联合沙库巴曲缬沙坦钠治疗,两组均治疗6个月。比较两组临床疗效、治疗前及治疗6个月后心功能指标[左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、心输出量(CO)、6 min步行距离(6MWD)]、血清学指标[N末端前体脑利钠肽(NT-proBNP)、白细胞介素(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)]水平、明尼苏达心力衰竭生活质量量表(MLHFQ)评分及治疗期间因心衰再住院、室性心律失常及MACE事件发生情况。结果:两组临床疗效分级经Ridit分析u检验显示差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组总有效率94.00%高于对照组80.00%(P<0.05)。治疗6个月后,观察组LVEF、CO、6MWD高于对照组,LVEDD、NT-pro BNP、IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、MLHFQ评分低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组治疗期间因心衰再住院发生率、MACE事件发生率均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:SGLT-2抑制剂达格列净联合沙库巴曲缬沙坦钠治疗HFr EF患者可明显改善患者心功能、机体炎性反应及生活质量,临床疗效和预后均明显优势,是治疗HFr EF患者的合理有效治疗方案,值得临床借鉴应用。

关键词：射血分数降低的心力衰竭 SGLT-2抑制剂达格列净沙库巴曲缬沙坦钠心功能炎性因子生活质量安全性

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Sleep as a window to understand and regulate Alzheimer's disease:emerging roles of thalamic reticular nucleus

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1711-1712页

作者： Haoqi Sun Shiqian shen Robert J.Thomas M.Brandon Westover Can Zhang Department of Neurology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Center for Translational Pain Research Department of AnesthesiaCritical Care and Pain MedicineMassachusetis General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep MedicineDepartment of MedicineBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Genetics and Aging Research Unit McCance Center for Brain HealthMass General Institute for Neurodegenerative DiseaseDepartment of NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA

Introduction:Alzheimer 's disease(AD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder and the primary cause of dementia. Considerable evidence supports the “amyloid hypothesis,” stating that the pathogenesis of AD is primarily caused by the deposition of amyloid-β(Aβ), which drives tau phosphorylation, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration in the brain. The amyloid hypothesis is strengthened by the significant and moderate benefit of lecanemab, a humanized antibody through an anti-amyloid mechanism,showing slowed clinical decline(van Dyck et al.,2023). The recent positive results of anti-amyloid trials have brought back focus on the amyloid hypothesis through biochemical, genetic, and pharmacological approaches(Zhang, 2023).

关键词： Alzheimer inflammation hypothesis

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