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Response of snow hydrological processes to a changing climate during 1961 to 2016 in the headwater of Irtysh River Basin, Chinese Altai Mountains

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Journal of Mountain Science 2017年第11期14卷 2295-2310页

作者： ZHANG Wei KANG Shi-chang shen yong-ping HE Jian-qiao CHEN An-an State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

With changing climatic conditions and snow cover regime, regional hydrological cycle for a snowy basin will change and further available surface water resources will be redistributed. Assessing snow meltwater effect on runoff is the key to water safety, under climate warming and fast social-economic developing status. In this study, stable isotopic technology was utilized to analyze the snow meltwater effect on regional hydrological processes, and to declare the response of snow hydrology to climate change and snow cover regime, together with longterm meteorological and hydrological observations, in the headwater of Irtysh River, Chinese Altai Mountains during 1961-2015. The average δ^(18) O values of rainfall, snowfall, meltwater, groundwater and river water for 2014–2015 hydrological year were-10.9‰,-22.3‰,-21.7‰,-15.7‰ and-16.0‰, *** results from stable isotopes, snow melting observation and remote sensing indicated that the meltwater effect on hydrological processes in Kayiertesi River Basin mainly occurred during snowmelt supplying period from April to June. The contribution of meltwater to runoff reached 58.1% during this period, but rainfall, meltwater and groundwater supplied 49.1%, 36.9% and 14.0% of water resource to annual runoff, respectively. With rising air temperature and increasing snowfall in cold season, the snow water equivalent(SWE) had an increasing trend but the snow cover duration declined by about one month including 13-day delay of the first day and 17-day advancement of the end day during 1961–2016. Increase in SWE provided more available water resource. However, variations in snow cover timing had resulted in redistribution of surface water resource, represented by an increase of discharge percentage in April and May, and a decline in Juneand July. This trend of snow hydrology will render a deficit of water resource in June and July when the water resource demand is high for agricultural irrigation and industrial manufacture.

关键词： Irtysh River Basin Chinese AltaiMountains Snow hydrology Isotope Climate change

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EVAPOTRANSPIRATION OF LOW-LYING PRAIRIE WETLAND IN MIDDLE REACHES OF HEIHE RIVER IN NORTHWEST CHINA

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Chinese Geographical Science 2005年第4期15卷 325-329页

作者： WU Jin-kui DING yong-jian WANG Gen-xu shen yong-ping Yusuke YAMAZAKI Jumpei KUBOTA Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China The Laboratory of Climate Study of China Metralogical Administration Beijing 100041 P. R. China Research Institute far Humanity and Nature Kyoto 602-0778 Japan

Low-lying prairie wetland, which has characteristics of both grassland and wetland, has irreplaceable ecological functions in inland river basins of Northwest China. Owing to its small-scale distribution, so far, the observation and research on it are rare. The estimation of evapotranspiration is significant to ecological and environmental construction, scientific management of pasture and protection of wetland. For studying the evapotranspiration （ET） of low-lying prairie wetland in the middle reaches of the Heihe River, an inland river, in Northwest China, the automatic weather station in Linze Ecological Experimental Station of Lanzhou University （39°15′ 3″N, 100°03′ 52″ E）, Linze, Gansu Province, was selected as a case study. Based on meteorological data collected, Bowen-Ratio Energy Balance （BREB） method was used to calculate the evapotranspiration （ET） of low-lying prairie wetland. The analysis results showed that in a whole year （September 2003 -August 2004）, the total ET was 611.5mm and mean daily 1.67mm/d. The ET varied with different growing stages. In non-growing stage （NGS）, initial growing stage （IGS）, middle growing stage （MGS） and end growing stage （EGS）, the ET was 0.57, 2.01, 3.82 and 1.49mrrdd, with a percentage of total ET of 18.26%, 9.20%, 61.83% and 10.71% respectively. In March, ET began to increase. But in April, the ET increased most. After that, it increased gradually and got the maximal value in July. From then on, the ET decreased gradually. In September, the ET decreased rapidly. With the ending of growing and the freezing of soil, the ET stopped from the middle of November to February in next year. Hourly ET analysis showed that at 8：00 a.m. （during MGS at 7：00 a.m.）, the evapotranspiration began, at 13：00 p.m. got its maximal value and at 19：00 p.m. （during MGS at 20：00 p.m.）, the evapotranspiration stopped. The intensity of ET in sunny day was much larger than that in cloudy day in the same growing stage.

关键词： evapotranspiration low-lying prairie wetland inland river basin

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Numerical simulation of seasonal snow in Tianshan Mountains

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Journal of Mountain Science 2021年第2期18卷 338-356页

作者： REN Yan-run ZHANG Yao-nan HAO Jian-sheng shen yong-ping ZHAO Guo-hui LI Cong Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China National Cryosphere Desert Data Center Lanzhou 730000China Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou 730050China

Snowfall in the Tianshan Mountains in China is frequent during winter;thus,avalanches have become a severe issue in snow-covered *** and metamorphosis,as well as hydrothermal exchanges with the environment,considerably affect the stability of snow on ***,a hydrothermal model of snow cover and its underlying surfaces must be developed on the basis of meteorological data to predict and help manage *** study adopted the conceptual model of snow as a porous medium and quantitatively analysed its internal physical processes on the basis of the thermal exchanges amongst its *** effects of local meteorological factors on snow structure and the redistribution of energy and mass inside the snow cover in the Tianshan Mountains were *** results showed that deformation as a result of overlying snow and sublimation of snow cover at the bottom is the main cause of density variation in the vertical profile of snow *** drives water movement in *** low-density area of the bottom snow is the result of temperature *** simulation results of the long-term snow internal mass distribution obtained by the method established in this study are highly consistent with the actual observed trend of *** consistency indicates an accurate simulation of the physical characteristics of snow cover in small and microscale metamorphism in the Tianshan Mountains during the stable period.

关键词： Snow Porous medium Heat and mass transfer Phase change Thermo-hydro-mechanical(THM)coupling Numerical modelling

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Cryospheric water regime by its functions and services in China

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2021年第3期12卷 430-443页

作者： ZHANG Wei Xiaoming WANG shen yong-ping YANG Xue-Wen WU Yu-Wei CHEN An-An WU Xue-Jiao LIU Shi-Wei YANG Yang ZHANG Jing-Lin LI Chen-Yu Koktokay Snow Station State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric ScienceNorthwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou730000China College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Northwest UniversityXi’an710127China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China

The terrestrial cryosphere functions to provide critical freshwater and serve societies and ecosystems,driving nature's contributions to people(NCP).This becomes increasingly important for the oasis areas in Northwest *** cryospheric meltwater is in demand to support the economy and reduce poverty,accompanied by growing requirements to protect the *** intend to investigate the contributions of cryospheric meltwater by analyzing the spatial functions and services pertinent to provisioning meltwater in *** on the currently available datasets during the 2000s of glaciers,snow cover,and permafrost,spatial clustering was utilized to analyze the contributions at the third-level basin *** assessment is carried out for the exposure of primary,secondary,and tertiary industrial sectors to cryospheric meltwater,which reflects the spatiality of potential services that cryospheric meltwater may *** results,we spatially cluster the contribution of cryospheric meltwater into six function zones and twenty-seven sub-zones,in association with the degree of their reliance on glaciers,snow cover,and *** the sector's exposure,we further spatially cluster the contribution areas into eleven service zones concerning the potential service of cryospheric ***,the cryosphere contributes approximately 8.3%of the total water resource in China,with function zones mainly distributed in northeastern China,Qinghai—Tibet Plateau(QTP),and other arid regions of Northwest China with various *** overall contribution ratios of the glacier,snow cover,and permafrost to cryospheric meltwater are about 35.6%,56.5%,and 7.9%,*** looking into the service zones,the cryospheric meltwater mainly contributes to the primary industry in Northwest China and QTP,even though it has less significant effects on all other industrial sectors,while the services to the ecosystem are mainly located in QTP and high mountain regi

关键词： Cryospheric meltwater Functions and services Glaciers Snow cover Permafrost

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Low temperature doping of anatase nano TiO2

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International English Education Research 2015年第9期 104-112页

作者： ZHU Tang-long WANG Li-ming shen yong WANG ping shen Yang-yang Fashion College of Technology Shanghai University of Engineering Science Shanghai 201620 China

In this paper. Glucose, nitrate, and urea were respectively used as C, B, and N sources doped TiO2 at low temperature sol gel method, The obtained nano TiO2 was characterized by DRS, FIRT, TG-DTG. The photocatalytic properties and the optical response range of the natase nanocrystalline were analyzed and studied with the hybrid orbital theory. The results show that the band gap of the doped TiO2 was narrow, and the photocatalytic ability could be excited by the visible lighL and the doping of non metallic elements broadens the application range of TiO2, so that it could be excited under the visible light and obtained better use value.

关键词： Sol-gel metho& Natase nanocrystalline, Low temperature Non-metallic doping Visible light

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基于多时间尺度分析的青藏铁路沿线土壤热流研究

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物理学报 2005年第4期54卷 1958-1964页

作者：张立杰李磊沈永平中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所冻土工程国家重点实验室中国科学院研究生院北京100039 中国科学院大气物理研究所大气边界层物理与大气化学国家重点实验室

根据青藏铁路沿线ANDUO(安多 )、TTH(沱沱河 )、NODA(那曲 )站的土壤温度资料 ,应用积分求解土壤热流的方法 ,计算得到了 1997年 9月至 1998年 8月 3个站点 3个不同深度的土壤热流 .基于多时间尺度分析方法 ,对土壤热流时间序列资料进... 详细信息

根据青藏铁路沿线ANDUO(安多 )、TTH(沱沱河 )、NODA(那曲 )站的土壤温度资料 ,应用积分求解土壤热流的方法 ,计算得到了 1997年 9月至 1998年 8月 3个站点 3个不同深度的土壤热流 .基于多时间尺度分析方法 ,对土壤热流时间序列资料进行了研究 ,得出在不同时间尺度上土壤热流随时空变化的一些重要特征 .

关键词：青藏高原土壤热流多时间尺度积分计算

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16V280ZJA型柴油机组合活塞结构改进

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内燃机车 2006年第6期 22-24页

作者：沈永平上海交通大学机械与动力工程学院上海200030

在分析一段时间内DF11和DF8B型机车柴油机组合活塞裙部裂纹原因的基础上,对280活塞结构做了分步改进设计,并进行了光弹性试验和有限元分析验证。60万km运用证明,280活塞结构改进是成功的。提出了进一步提高280活塞性能的建议。

关键词：组合活塞结构改进失效分析 16V280ZJA型

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基于相互作用网络的大型工程项目组织结构风险分析

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系统工程理论与实践 2011年第10期31卷 1966-1973页

作者：杨婧陈英武沈永平国防科学技术大学信息系统与管理学院管理系长沙410073

为解决在工程项目管理中将组织和项目隔离的问题,提出了大型工程项目系统的组织-任务相互作用网络模型.在随机失效和故意攻击的条件下,分别对随机型、集权型和金字塔型组织网络结构对项目工期的影响进行了解析和仿真分析.研究结果表明:... 详细信息

为解决在工程项目管理中将组织和项目隔离的问题,提出了大型工程项目系统的组织-任务相互作用网络模型.在随机失效和故意攻击的条件下,分别对随机型、集权型和金字塔型组织网络结构对项目工期的影响进行了解析和仿真分析.研究结果表明:只需攻击一定比例的组织节点即可导致整个网络完全瘫痪,从而造成工期严重延误.当组织中较少比例节点遭受故意攻击时,项目工期将明显多于同样比例节点存在随机失效的情况.以广州-珠海城际轨道交通工程项目为例,构建了该项目的相互作用网络并对其组织节点面临随机失效和故意攻击的情况下进行了风险分析.

关键词：相互作用网络复杂网络抗毁性大型工程项目组织结构任务网络

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多属性决策支持向量机模型与算法

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控制与决策 2006年第12期21卷 1338-1342页

作者：王强沈永平陈英武国防科学技术大学信息系统与管理学院长沙410073

分析了多属性决策问题,提出了基于支持向量机的多属性决策方法。首先分析了多属性决策支持向量机方法的机理;其次建立了多属性决策支持向量机方法的价值函数决策模型和方案序关系决策模型,用以训练支持向量机;再次提出了基于支持向量回... 详细信息

分析了多属性决策问题,提出了基于支持向量机的多属性决策方法。首先分析了多属性决策支持向量机方法的机理;其次建立了多属性决策支持向量机方法的价值函数决策模型和方案序关系决策模型,用以训练支持向量机;再次提出了基于支持向量回归和分类的多属性决策支持向量机实现算法;最后给出了一个算例。

关键词：多属性决策效用函数支持向量机决策模型

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支持向量机规则提取

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国防科技大学学报 2006年第2期28卷 106-110页

作者：王强沈永平陈英武国防科技大学信息系统与管理学院湖南长沙410073

支持向量机是一种黑箱模型,其学习到的知识蕴含在决策函数中,不仅影响了用户对利用支持向量机技术构建智能系统的信心,还阻碍了支持向量机技术在数据挖掘领域的应用。由于对支持向量机规则提取进行研究有助于解决上述问题,因此该领域正... 详细信息

支持向量机是一种黑箱模型,其学习到的知识蕴含在决策函数中,不仅影响了用户对利用支持向量机技术构建智能系统的信心,还阻碍了支持向量机技术在数据挖掘领域的应用。由于对支持向量机规则提取进行研究有助于解决上述问题,因此该领域正成为机器学习和智能计算界的研究热点。分析了具有代表性的支持向量机规则提取算法,并提出该领域未来的研究重点。

关键词：支持向量机机器学习规则提取知识获取数据挖掘

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