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Observed characteristics of tidal currents and mean flow in the northern Yellow Sea

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2019年第2期37卷 461-473页

作者： BI Congcong BAO Xianwen DING Yang ZHANG Cong WANG Yu shen biao WAN Kai College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences Ocean University of China Qingdao 266100 China Physical Oceanography Laboratory/CIMST Ocean University of China and Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Qingdao 266100 China The First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Qingdao 266061 China Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Qingdao 266000 China National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center State Oceanic Administration Dalian 116023 China Beihai Off shore Engineering Survey Institute State Oceanic Administration Qingdao 266061 China

Several bottom-mounted Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) moorings were deployed in the northern Yellow Sea (NYS) during the four seasons of 2006–2007 and also the summertime of 2009. A synthesis analysis on the time-continuous records was performed to examine the characteristics and variations of tidal currents and mean flow over the observation period at these stations. Tidal currents accounted for ~75% of the total kinetic energy, with the absolute dominance of M2 constituent. Visible vertical variations of tidal flow were found on all sites, featured by the decrease of amplitude, increase of rotation rate as well as a decreasing trend of the phase for M2 component with depth. A notable exception was in the central NYS, where the maximum tidal currents occurred in the upper or middle layers (~20–40 m) instead of near the surface (<10 m). The observed mean flow was relatively weak, smaller than 15 cm/s. Velocity on the northern end of Yellow Sea Trough (YST) was characterized by low magnitude and an obvious layered structure vertically. In the Bohai Strait (BS) and the northern slope area, the currents weakened and the flow direction presented a major trend to deflect counterclockwise with depth in most observations. Summertime cyclonic circulation around the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass (YSCWM), its intensification on the frontal zone and the Yellow Sea Warm Current (YSWC) for the winter season were all evident by our direct current measurements. However, the details of water exchange through the BS appeared partly diff erent from the traditionally-accepted pattern. The vertical diff erences of tidal and mean flow were larger in summer than that in winter, implying the influence of thermal structure to the local currents. Aff ected by the water stratification, mean flow usually reached its maximum near the thermocline in spring and summer, while showing a nearly uniform vertical distribution during winter.

关键词： northern Yellow Sea moored current measurements tidal currents mean flow thermal structure

Rhizobacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Strain SQRT3-Mediated Induced Systemic Resistance Controls Bacterial Wilt of Tomato

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Pedosphere 2017年第6期27卷 1135-1146页

作者： LI Chunyu HU Weicong PAN Bin LIU Yan YUAN Saifei DING Yuanyuan LI Rong ZHENG Xinyan shen biao shen Qirong Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Organic Solid Waste Utilization Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095(China)

Tomato bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum seriously threats tomato growth in tropical and temperate regions around the *** study reported an antagonistic bacterial strain, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain SQRT3, isolated from the rhizosphere soil of tomato plants, which strongly inhibited in vitro growth of pathogenic *** suppression of tomato bacterial wilt by strain SQRT3 was demonstrated under greenhouse ***, induced systemic resistance(ISR) in tomato as one of the potential disease suppression mechanisms was investigated in the plants inoculated with the isolated bacterial strain *** results showed that strain SQRT3 applied with *** by drenching significantly reduced tomato bacterial wilt by 68.1% biocontrol efficiency(BE) and suppressed the *** populations in the rhizosphere soil compared to the control only drenched with *** BE of the isolated bacterial strain SQRT3 against tomato wilt increased to 84.1%by *** plants treated with both strain SQRT3 and *** showed increases in activities of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase compared with other *** application of strain SQRT3 reduced membrane lipid peroxidation in tomato *** expressions of marker genes for jasmonic acid-and salicylic acid-dependent signaling pathways were faster and stronger in tomato plants treated with both strain SQRT3 and *** than in plants treated with either *** or strain SQRT3 ***, the findings indicated that strain SQRT3 can effectively control tomato wilt.

关键词： antagonistic strain biocontrol defense-related enzymes defense-related genes pathogen plant disease Ralstonia solanacearum

Carbon Monoxide Alleviates Salt-Induced Oxidative Damage in Wheat Seedling Leaves

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2006年第3期48卷 249-254页

作者： Ben-Kai Huang sheng Xu Wei Xuan Ming LI Ze-Yu Cao Kai-Li Liu Teng-Fang Ling Wen-biao shen College of Life Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China College of Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China

Carbon monoxide （CO）, a by-product released during the degradation of heme by heme oxygenases （EC 1.***.99.3） In animals, is regarded as an important physiological messenger or bioactive molecule involved in many biological events that has been recently reported as playing a major role in mediating the cytoprotectlon against oxidant-induced lung Injury. In the present study, we first determined the protective effect of exogenous CO against salt-induced oxidative damage in wheat seedling leaves. Wheat seedlings treated with 0.01μmol/L hematin as the CO donor demonstrated significant reversal of chlorophyll decay, dry weight, and water loss induced by 300 mmol/L NaCl stress. Interestingly, the increase in lipid peroxidation observed in salt-treated leaves was reversed by 0.01μmol/L hematin treatment. Time-couree analyses showed that application of 0.01μmol/L hematln enhanced gualacol peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase and catalase activities in wheat seedling leaves subjected to salt stress. These effects are specific for CO because the CO scavenger hemoglobin （1.2 mg/L） blocked the actions of the CO donor hematln. However, higher concentration of the CO donor （1.0μmol/L） did not alleviate dry weight and water loss of salt-stressed wheat seedlings. These results suggest that exogenous application of low levels of a CO donor may be advantageous against salinity toxicity.

关键词： carbon monoxide lipid peroxidation oxidative stress salinity seedling leaves wheat.

Exogenous Hematin Alleviates Mercury-induced Oxidative Damage in the Roots of Medicago sativa

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2007年第12期49卷 1703-1713页

作者： Yi Han Wei Xuan Tian Yu Wen-Bing Fang Tian-Ling Lou Yin Gao Xiao-Yue Chen XiaoXiao Wen-biao shen College of Life Sciences Laboratory of Nanjing Agricultural University and Carl Zeiss Far East Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China

In the present study, we evaluated the protective effect of exogenous heme oxygenase-1 （HO-1 EC 1.***.99.3） inducer hematin against mercury-induced oxidative damage in the roots of Alfalfa （Medicago sativa L.）. Plants exposed to mercury （HgCl2） exhibited a significant increase of lipid peroxidation, as well as inhibition of root elongation. However, hematin （50 μM） supplementation to HgCl2 （100 μmol/L） treated plants effectively reduced the lipid peroxidation and partially increased the root elongation. These responses were mimicked by the application of aqueous solution of carbon monoxide （CO） with 50% saturation. Also, treatment with hematin could result in the potent induction of HO-1 transcript in the root tissues, as detected 12h following treatment. Moreover, the activation of anti-oxidant enzyme, including glutathione reductase, monodehydroascorbate reductase and superoxide dismutase activities, and the decrease of lipoxygenase activity, were induced by hematin at 12h or 24h, which was further confirmed by histochemical staining for the detection of lipid peroxidation and loss of membrane integrity. Whereas, ascorbate peroxidase and guaiacol peroxidase isozyme activities or their transcripts were reduced, respectively, indicating that hydrogen peroxide might act as a signal to mediate Hg- tolerance at the beginning of treatment. The ameliorating effects of hematin were specific, since the CO scavenger hemoglobin differentially reversed the above actions. Taken together, our results suggested that hematin exhibits a vital role in protecting the plant against Hg-induced oxidative damage.

关键词： carbon monoxide hematin Medicago sativa mercury toxicity oxidative stress.

Carbon Monoxide： A Novel Antioxidant Against Oxidative Stress in Wheat Seedling Leaves

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2007年第5期49卷 638-645页

作者： Zhi-sheng Sa Li-Qin Huang Guo-Lin Wu Jin-Peng Ding Xiao-Yue Chen Tian Yu Ci Shi Wen-biao shen College of Life Sciences Life Science Laboratory Center Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China College of Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China

Carbon monoxide （CO）, an endogenous signaling molecule in animals, also provides potent cytoprotective effects including attenuation of lung lipid peroxidation induced by oxidant in the mouse. Our recent work demonstrated that 0.01 μmol/L hematin （a CO donor） treatment of wheat plants alleviated salt-induced oxidative damage in seedling leaves. In this report, we further discovered that hematin pretreatment （≤ 0.1 μmol/L） could delay wheat leaf chlorophyll loss mediated by further treatment of H202 and paraquat, two reactive oxygen species （ROS） sources, in dose-and even time-dependent manners. Also, compared with the control samples, seedling leaves pretreated with 0.01 or 0.1 μmol/L hematin for 24 h exhibited lower levels of H2O2 and lipid peroxidation, as well as higher contents of chlorophyll and activities of antioxidant enzymes. Such beneficial effects exerted by hematin were mimicked by the pretreatment of antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene （BHT）, and differentially reversed when CO scavenger hemoglobin （Hb）, or CO specific synthetic inhibitor ZnPPIX was added, respectively. Taken together, the results presented In this paper directly illustrate for the first time that CO is able to strongly protect plants from oxidative damage caused by the overproduction of ROS, and strengthens the evidence that CO is a potent antioxidant in various abiotic and biotic stresses, as similar results have been shown in animal tissues.

关键词： antioxidant carbon monoxide chlorophyll loss hydrogen peroxide oxidative stress paraquat wheat

Carbon Monoxide Alleviates Wheat Seed Germination Inhibition and Counteracts Lipid Peroxidation Mediated by Salinity

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2006年第10期48卷 1168-1176页

作者： sheng Xu Zhi-sheng Sa Ze-Yu Cao Wei Xuan Ben-Kai Huang Teng-Fang Ling Qiong-Ying Hu Wen-biao shen College of Life Sciences Laboratory Centre of Life Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China

Recently In animals, endogenous carbon monoxide （CO）, like nitric oxlde, was implicated as another Important physiological messenger or bioactive molecule. However, little information is known about the physlologlcal roles of CO in the whole plant. In the present study, we report that different concentrations of the 130 donor hematin （0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 μmol/L） alleviated wheat （Tilticum aestivum L. Yangmai 158） seed germination Inhlbltlon caused by 250 mmol/L NaCI stress In a dose-dependent manner. These responses were also proved by the addltion of different gaseous CO aqueous solutions from 0.1% to 100.0% of saturation. Among these treatments, the effect of 1.0 μmol/L hematin and 1.0% saturation of CO aqueous solution were the most obvlous. Furthermore, compared with non-hematin treatment, the degradation of storage reserves In wheat seeds was also accelerated. Time-course analyses showed that application of hematln dose-dependently Increased the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and guaiacol peroxidase activities, thus decreasing the lipid peroxidation In germinating wheat seed subjected to salt stress. Meanwhile, the responses of hematin were specific for CO because the addition of the CO scavenger hemoglobln （0.2 g/L） blocked the various actions of 1.0 μmol/L hematin. Taken together, the results of the present study demonstrate that CO, at a low concentration, is able to attenuate the seed germlnation Inhibition produced by salinity stress and counteract the lipid peroxidation in germinating wheat seeds.

关键词： carbon monoxide lipid peroxidation salt stress seed germination storage reserve degradation wheat

A Microscopic Optical Potential for Deuteron

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Chinese Physics Letters 2010年第1期27卷 89-91页

作者：郭海瑞韩银录申庆彪 China Institute of Atomic Energy PO Box 275(41) Beijing 102413

The microscopic optical potential for deuteron is obtained by folding the microscopic optical potentials of its constituent nucleons. The optical potential is used to predict the reaction cross sections and the elastic scattering angular distributions for some spherical target nuclei, and the results of theoretical calculation are compared with the experimental data available.

关键词： Chinese climate network complex systems small world community

Endogenous Hydrogen Peroxide Plays a Positive Role in the Upregulation of Heme Oxygenase and Acclimation to Oxidative Stress in Wheat Seedling Leaves

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2009年第10期51卷 951-960页

作者： Xiao-Yue Chen Xiao Ding sheng Xu Ren Wang Wei Xuan Ze-Yu Cao Jian Chen Hong-Hong Wu Mao-Bing Ye Wen-biao shen College of Life Sciences Cooperative Demonstration Laboratory of Centrifuge Technique Nanjing Agricultural University and Beckman Coulter Ltd. Co. Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China Institute of Botany Jiangsu Province and the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Mem. Sun Yat-Sen) Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Plant Ex-situ Conservation Nanjing 210014 China

Pretreatment of lower H2O2 doses （0.05, 0.5 and 5 mM） for 24 h was able to dose-dependently attenuate lipid peroxidation in wheat seedling leaves mediated by further oxidative damage elicited by higher dose of H2O2 （150 mM） for 6 h, with 0.5 mM H2O2 being the most effective concentrations. Further results illustrated that 0.5 mM H2O2 pretreatment triggered the biphasic production of H2O2 during a 24 h period. We also noticed that only peak Ⅰ （0.25 h） rather than peak Ⅱ （4 h） was approximately consistent with the enhancement of heme oxygenase （HO） activity, HO-1 gene expression. Meanwhile, enhanced superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity, Mn-SOD and Cu, Zn-SOD transcripts might be a potential source of peak Ⅰ of endogenous H2O2. Further results confirmed that 0.5 mM H2O2 treatment for 0.5 h was able to upregulate HO gene expression, which was detected by enzyme activity determination, semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Meanwhile, the application of N,N＇-dimethylthiourea, a trap for endogenous H2O2, not only blocked the upregulation of HO, but also reversed the corresponding oxidation attenuation. Together, the above results suggest that endogenous H2O2 production （peak Ⅰ） plays a positive role in the induction of HO by enhancing its mRNA level and protein expression, thus leading to the acclimation to oxidative stress.

关键词： acclimation to oxidative stress endogenous hydrogen peroxide heme oxygenase signal transduction Triticum

Upgrade of the magnetic diagnostic system for restart of HT-6M operation

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Chinese Physics B 2022年第12期31卷 347-355页

作者： Li-Xing Chen biao shen Da-Long Chen Zheng-Ping Luo Zu-Chao Zhang Ying Chen Yong Wang Jin-Ping Qian Institute of Plasma Physics Hefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230026China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026China

The HT-6M tokamak at the Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology has been *** order to ensure the smooth breakdown of plasma and obtain plasma discharge parameters,optimization of the poloidal field coils and upgrade of the magnetic diagnostics are described in this article.A perfect null field(stray field in the main chamber<10 G)is obtained using an ohmic heating *** obtain important information about the plasma,an external magnetic diagnostics system is designed and calibrated,including a Rogowski coil(measuring plasma current),a magnetic probe(measuring external field),diamagnetic loops(measuringβ_(p))and so *** order to realize high-frequency signal measurement and transmission,a series of frequency responses with the magnetic probe and transmission line are ***,to verify the null field,a fitting code is developed to reconstruct the stray field in the vacuum chamber based on magnetic probe measurements and flux *** results show that the error is within 1.5%.This indicates the accuracy of the magnetic measurement system and ensures the preparation for the breakdown of plasma.

关键词： HT-6M null field magnetic measurement high frequency calibration