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Exploring Barriers to Implementation of Smoking Policies: A Qualitative Study on Health Professionals from Three County-Level Hospitals

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2008年第3期21卷 257-263页

作者： jun-FANG WANG shao-jun ma CUI-ZHU MEI XUE-FANG XU CHUN-PING WANG GONG-HUAN YANG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100005 China Union School of Public Health Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100005 China Chinese Center for Disease Control ＆ Prevention Beijing 100050 China

Objective This study was to identify factors limiting the implementation of smoking policies in county-level hospitals. Methods We conducted qualitative interviews （17 focus groups discussions and 6 one-to-one in depth interviews） involving 103 health professionals from three target county-level hospitals. A combination of purposive and convenience sampling was used to recruit subjects and gain a broad range of perspectives on issues emerging from ongoing data-analysis until data saturation occurred. The transcripts were analyzed for themes and key points. Results The main themes that emerged suggested that both smokers and non-smokers viewed smoking very negatively. However, it was clear that, underlying this acceptance of the health risks of smoking, there was a wide range of beliefs. Most of the health professionals pointed out that, as smoking was legal, addictive, and influenced by social norms, currently it was almost unrealistic to expect all smokers to give up smoking or not to smoke in the hospitals. Furthermore, they were concerned about the potentially detrimental effects of providing counseling advice to all smokers on the interpersonal relationship among colleagues or between doctors and patients. In addition, low level of employee participation influenced the sustainable implementation of smoking policies. Conclusions Simply being aware of the health risks about smoking did not necessarily result in successful implementation of the smoking policies. Application of comprehensive intervention strategies such as implementing smoking policies in public places at the county level, creating supportive environments, promoting community participation, and conducting health education, may be more effective.

关键词： Qualitative study Tobacco use Smoking policy HP attitudes

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Passive Smoking in China: Contributing Factors and Areas for Future Interventions

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2007年第5期20卷 420-425页

作者： shao-jun ma jun-FANG WANG CUI-ZHU MEI XUE-FANG XU GONG-HUAN YANG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100005 China School of Public Health Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100005 China Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing 100050 China

To reduce tobacco consumption and exposure to passive smoking in China.Methods Discussion consisting of 80 focus groups and 35 interviews were held in three rural intervention counties of Jiangxi,Henan,and Sichuan Provinces. Participants came from hospitals,schools,rural areas,and urban areas.Results Tobacco use and exposure to passive smoking were widely prevalent in the investigated schools,hospitals,county towns,and rural areas. Knowledge of the risks for passive smoking on health is lacking,especially in rural areas. Barriers to the control of tobacco use in public places include reluctance of administrators to implement tobacco control policies,lack of consistent policies,difficulties with regulations and enforcement,and reluctance of non-smokers to exercise their right to clean air.Conclusion To curb the current tobacco epidemic in China,tobacco control efforts must focus on reducing exposure to passive smoking. A strategy should be formulated to reduce the factors that contribute to tobacco use and exposure to passive smoking.

关键词： Qualitative study Passive smoking China

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To be or not to be direct:The role of neuromedin U in neuro-eosinophil crosstalk

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Science Bulletin 2024年第2期69卷 148-150页

作者： Ruichao Liu Wenhao shao jun Xu Coco Chu SXMU-Tsinghua Collaborative Innovation Center for Frontier Medicine Taiyuan 030001China Insttute for Immunogy Department of Basic Medical SciencesSchool of Medicinesinghua UnierstyBejing 100084China Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan 030012China Department of Surgery First Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityShanxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Digestive Diseases and Organ TransplantationTaiyuan 030001China Beijing Key Laboratory for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases Tsinghua UniversityBejing 100084China

With the development of new experimental techniques(e.g.,single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq),light sheet microscopy,and clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9(Cas9),emerging studies have begun to uncover the interactions between the nervous system and the immune system,both in health and diseases.For example,in mucosal tissues such as the lung and the intestine,neurotransmitters including acetylcholine[1]and adrenaline[2]can directly regulate the immune cell functions thus affect the results of allergy,asthma,and anti-pathogen host defense[3].

关键词： intestine lung asthma

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Serrated flow behavior of GH536 superalloy under different loading rates at room temperature

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Rare Metals 2024年第5期43卷 2317-2323页

作者： Wen-Xiang Gao Dong ma Li-Li Zhao Fan Ye Ling shao Su-jun Wu School of materials Science and Technology Beihang University

Serrated flow phenomenon has been widely observed among different metals due to the potential influence on their applications.Uniaxial tensile tests of nickel-based superalloy GH536 were carried out at loading rates of 0.06,0.60,3.60,and 36.00 mm·min-1at room temperature,respectively.The tensile stress–strain curves demonstrate repetitive and discontinuous yielding behavior,namely serrated flow.It is observed that the stress–strain curves were dominated by type B serration,and original annealing twin boundaries （TBs） were distorted to various degrees under comparatively different lower tensile rates.In contrast,the TBs almost disappear,and the type B serrations become smoother and regular under the higher loading rates.This phenomenon can be attributed to the interactions between TBs and dislocations during tensile deformation.Coupled effects of the mobile and immobile dislocations illustrate the unsteady amplitude of serrations observed in stress–strain curves.Transmission electron microscope images of tested pieces reveal the interaction of dislocation and TB,with dislocation tangling around the TBs.

关键词： Nickel-based superalloy Serrations Twin boundaries Deformation mechanism

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Protein-activated atomic layer deposition for robust crude-oil-repellent hierarchical nano-armored membranes

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Science Bulletin 2024年第2期69卷 218-226页

作者： Xiaobin Yang Pan Sun Yajie Wen Anil U.mane Jeffrey W.Elam jun ma shaomin Liu Seth B.Darling Lu shao MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and EnvironmentSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division Argonne National LaboratoryLemont IL 60439USA Applied materials Division Argonne National LaboratoryLemont IL 60439USA Advanced materials for Energy-Water Systems Energy Frontier Research Center Argonne National LaboratoryLemont IL 60439USA Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering University of ChicagoChicago IL 60637USA Department of Physics University of Ilinois at ChicagoChicago IL 60607USA School of Environment Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150090China WA School of Mines:Minerals Energy and Chemical EngineeringCurtin UniversityPerth WA 6845Australia

Atomic layer deposition(ALD)offers unique capabilities to fabricate atomically engineered porous materials with precise pore tuning and multi-functionalization for diverse applications like advanced membrane separations towards sustainable energy-water systems.However,current ALD technique is inhibited on most non-polar polymeric membranes due to lack of accessible nucleation sites.Here,we report a facile method to efficiently promote ALD coating on hydrophobic surface of polymeric membranes via novel protein activation/sensitization.As a proof of concept,TiO2 ALD-coated membranes activated by bovine serum albumin exhibit remarkable superhydrophilicity,ultralow underwater crude oil adhesion,and robust tolerance to rigorous environments including acid,alkali,saline,and ethanol.Most importantly,excellent cyclable crude oil-in-water emulsion separation performance can be achieved.The mechanism for activation/sensitization is rooted in reactivity for a particular set of amino acids.Furthermore,the universality of protein-sensitized ALD is demonstrated using common egg white,promising numerous potential usages in biomedical engineering,environmental remediation,lowcarbon manufacturing,catalysis,and beyond.

关键词： Membrane separation Atomic layer deposition Water treatment Antifouling

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A GMM approach in coupling internal data and external summary information with heterogeneous data populations

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Science China mathematics 2024年第5期67卷 1115-1132页

作者： jun shao Jinyi Wang Lei Wang Key Laboratory of Advanced Theory and Application in Statistics and Data Science(East China Normal University) Ministry of EducationShanghai 200062China School of Statistics East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200062China Department of Statistics University of Wisconsin-MadisonWI 53706USA School of Statistics and Data Science KLMDASRLEBPS and LPMCNankai UniversityTianjin 300071China

Because of advances in data collection and storage,statistical analysis in modern scientific research and practice now has opportunities to utilize external information such as summary statistics from similar studies.A likelihood approach based on a parametric model assumption has been developed in the literature to utilize external summary information when the populations for external and main internal data are assumed to be the same.In this article,we instead consider the generalized estimation equation(GEE)approach for statistical inference,which is semiparametric or nonparametric,and show how to utilize external summary information even when internal and external data populations are not the same.Our approach is coupling the internal data and external summary information to form additional estimation equations and then applying the generalized method of moments(GMM).We show that the proposed GMM estimator is asymptotically normal and,under some conditions,is more efficient than the GEE estimator without using external summary information.Estimators of the asymptotic covariance matrix of the GMM estimators are also proposed.Simulation results are obtained to confirm our theory and quantify the improvements by utilizing external data.An example is also included for illustration.

关键词： adjustment for heterogeneity constraint data integration generalized method of moments summarystatistic

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Deposition of thin TiO_(2)films on fluorophlogopite particle surface by CVD in fluidized bed reactor to prepare silver pearlescent pigments

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Particuology 2024年第6期89卷 88-98页

作者： Ming Liu Guoqiang shao Pengpeng Lv jun Li Qingshan Zhu State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems Institute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Chemical Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Two critical parameters:Glossiness and chromaticity space of pearlescent pigments were evaluated based on crystallinity and grain size.Both the roughness and the vertical distance evolution along the surface of deposited TiO_(2)film are affected by the crystallinity.The optimal crystallinity of TiO_(2)was deposited at the temperature of 350℃.The TiCl4 concentration effectively changed the grain size.However,the high flow rate of fluidizing gas and optimal gas–solid ratio(<0.11 m^(3)/(kg h))restricted the change of TiCl_(4)concentrations in fluidized bed reactor.In this case,the grain size of the deposited TiO_(2)film was about 55 nm.Depending on the grain size,the color of pearlescent pigments was adjusted by controlling the film thickness based on TiO_(2)concentration.Finally,the silver pearlescent pigment with high glossiness was prepared by chemical vapor deposition method in a fluidized bed reactor.

关键词： Fluidized bed chemical vapor deposition TiO_(2)film deposition Pearlescent pigment Free powder restrain Crystal growth

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Exploring the molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategies of ferroptosis in ovarian cancer

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BIOCELL 2024年第3期48卷 379-386页

作者： LISHA ma WANQI shao WEILI ZHU Department of Gynecology Jiaxing University Master Degree Cultivation BaseZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityJiaxingChina Department of Gynecology Jiaxing University Affiliated Women and Children’s HospitalJiaxingChina

The morbidity rate of ovarian cancer,a malignant tumour in gynaecological tumours,is rising,and it is considered to be the most lethal cancer.The majority of patients are typically diagnosed during the advanced stages of the illness due to the elusive characteristics of ovarian cancer and an absence of highly sensitive and speciﬁc diagnostic indicators.Surgical excision of the lesions,along with chemotherapy,is the conventional treatment for ovarian cancer;however,resistance to platinum-based chemotherapeutic drugs and molecular targeted therapies frequently arises.Improving the survival rate and prognosis of patients with end-stage or recurring ovarian cancer requires the identiﬁcation of new therapeutic targets due to the absence of efﬁcient medications,and this has emerged as a highly demanding issue.Studies have demonstrated that ferroptosis effectively hinders the proliferation of ovarian cancer and induces the demise of malignant cells.Ferroptosis is composed of the cystine/glutamate antiporter system(the system Xc-)and glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4).Solute carrier family 7 member 11(SLC7A11)and solute carrier family 3 member 2(SLC3A2)play crucial roles in the regulation of ferroptosis by facilitating the uptake of cystine into cells and the efﬂux of glutamate out of cells,respectively.In cells,GPX4 is the exclusive enzyme employed for reducing liposomal peroxide through glutathione peroxidase activity.The occurrence of ferroptosis in ovarian cancer is strongly associated with three main pathways,namely,the GPX4-glutathione(GSH)protective pathway,the ferroptosis suppressor protein 1(FSP1)-coenzyme Q10(CoQ10)protective pathway,and the guanosine 5'-triphosphate cyclohydrolase I(GCH1)protective pathway.In ovarian cancer cells,the postsynaptic density-95,discs-large,zona occludens 1(PDZ)-binding motif-angiopoietin-like 4-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases 2(TAZ-ANGPTL4-NOX2)pathway can be regulated by Yes-associated protein(YAP)/TAZ,a downstream component of the Hippo pathway,leading to the mo

关键词： Ovarian cancer Ferroptosis Therapy

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macroscopic model and statistical model to characterize electromagnetic information of a digital coding metasurface

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National Science Review 2024年第3期11卷 159-171页

作者： Rui Wen shao jun Wei Wu Zheng Xing Wang Hui Xu Han Qing Yang Qiang Cheng Tie jun Cui Institute of Electromagnetic Space Southeast University State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves Southeast University Peng Cheng Laboratory Pazhou Laboratory(Huangpu)

A digital coding metasurface is a platform connecting the digital space and electromagnetic wave space, and has therefore gained much attention due to its intriguing value in reshaping wireless channels and realizing new communication architectures. Correspondingly, there is an urgent need for electromagnetic information theory that reveals the upper limit of communication capacity and supports the accurate design of metasurface-based communication systems. To this end, we propose a macroscopic model and a statistical model of the digital coding metasurface. The macroscopic model uniformly accommodates both digital and electromagnetic aspects of the meta-atoms and predicts all possible scattered fields of the digital coding metasurface based on a small number of simulations or measurements. Full-wave simulations and experimental results show that the macroscopic model is feasible and accurate. A statistical model is further proposed to correlate the mutual coupling between meta-atoms with covariance and to calculate the entropy of the equivalent currents of digital coding metasurface. These two models can help reconfigurable intelligent surfaces achieve more accurate beamforming and channel estimation, and thus improve signal power and coverage. Moreover, the models will encourage the creation of a precoding codebook in metasurface-based direct digital modulation systems, with the aim of approaching the upper limit of channel capacity. With these two models, the concepts of current space and current entropy, as well as the analysis of information loss from the coding space to wave space, is established for the first time, helping to bridge the gap between the digital world and the physical world, and advancing developments of electromagnetic information theory and new-architecture wireless systems.

关键词： electromagnetic information theory current entropy current space digital coding metasurface macroscopic model statistical model

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Bone block from lateral window-correcting vertical and horizontal bone deficiency in maxilla posterior site:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第12期12卷 2109-2115页

作者： Yu-Lan Wang Wen-jun shao Min Wang State Key Laboratory of Oral and maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of EducationHubei Key Laboratory of StomatologySchool and Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhan 430079Hubei ProvinceChina Department of Oral Implantology School and Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhan 430079Hubei ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Lateral window approach for sinus floor lift is commonly used for vertical bone augmentation in cases when the residual bone height is less than 5 mm.However,managing cases becomes more challenging when a maxillary sinus pseudocyst is present or when there is insufficient bone width.In this case,we utilized the bone window prepared during the lateral window sinus lift as a shell for horizontal bone augmentation.This allowed for simultaneous horizontal and vertical bone augmentation immediately after the removal of the maxillary sinus pseudocyst.CASE SUMmaRY A 28-year-old female presented to our clinic with the chief complaint of missing upper left posterior teeth.Intraoral examination showed a horizontal deficiency of the alveolar ridge contour.The height of the alveolar bone was approximately 3.6 mm on cone beam computed tomography(CBCT).And a typical well-defined'dome-shaped'lesion in maxillary sinus was observed on CBCT imaging.The lateral bony window was prepared using a piezo-ultrasonic device,then the bony window was fixed to the buccal side of the 26 alveolar ridge using a titanium screw with a length of 10 mm and a diameter of 1.5 mm.The space between the bony window and the alveolar ridge was filled with Bio-Oss,covered with a Bio-Gide collagen membrane,and subsequently sutured.Nine months later,the patient’s bone width increased from 4.8 to 10.5 mm,and the bone height increased from 3.6 to 15.6 mm.Subsequently,a Straumann^(■)4.1 mm×10 mm implant was placed.The final all-ceramic crown restoration was completed four months later,and both clinical and radiographic examinations showed that the implant was successful,and the patient was satisfied with the results.CONCLUSION The bone block harvested from the lateral window sinus lift can be used for simultaneous horizontal bone augmentation acting as a shell for good two-dimensional bone augmentation.

关键词： Sinus lift Lateral window Dental implant Horizontal bone augmentation Case report

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