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Probing the interseismic locking state of the Xianshuihe fault based on a viscoelastic deformation model

Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第1期67卷 134-145页

作者： Yage ZHU Faqi DIAO Fei CHEN Yuebing WANG zhigang shao Rongjiang WANG Xiong XIONG Hubei Subsurface Multi-Scale Imaging Key Laboratory School of Geophysics and GeomaticsChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China China Earthquake Networks Center Beijing 100045China Institute of Earthquake Forecasting China Earthquake AdministrationBeijing 100036China

The interseismic locking state of tectonic faults is essential for regional seismic hazard ***,it is challenging to obtain this parameter reliably due to the weak deformation and complex model *** better probe the fault locking state,more reliable physical models and well-covered observations are *** we investigate the locking state of the Xianshuihe fault based on a new-developed viscoelastic deformation ***,we combine GPS velocities from 13 new near-field stations and existing stations in this region to improve the spatial *** to the theoretical predictions,our results indicate that the elastic model will clearly overestimate the fault locking depth and seismic moment accumulation rate,and the fault slip rate inferred from the elastic model is slightly lower than that from the viscoelastic *** on the locking distribution inferred from the viscoelastic model,we identify four potential asperities on the Xianshuihe *** importantly,we find a clear spatial correlation between the fault locking distribution and the rupture extent of historical earthquakes,which indicates that the fault locking state may control the rupture extent and thus the magnitude of *** addition,our results show that the 2022 M6.8 Luding earthquake only ruptured the south part of a potential asperity,and the accumulated energy in the northern unruptured area is equivalent to an Mw6.9 earthquake,where the seismic hazard deserves special attention.

关键词： Fault kinematics Viscoelastic relaxation effect GPS observations Seismic hazard The 2022 M6.8 Luding earthquake

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Influence of self-similar stresses on scenario earthquake construction:An example along the Tanlu Fault

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第5期67卷 1687-1697页

作者： Feng HU Huajian YAO Houyun YU Zeyu LU Jieyi HOU Song LUO zhigang shao Xiaofei CHEN School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Mengcheng Geophysical National Field Scientific Observatory Hefei 230026China Department of Earth and Space Science Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Institute of Earthquake Prediction China Earthquake AdministrationBeijing 100036China

As a famous deep and large fault in eastern China,the Tanlu Fault passes through Anhui,Jiangsu,and Shandong and into northeastern *** is important to improve the understanding of seismic hazard assessments in areas near *** start a scenario earthquake simulation in the M7.5 earthquake potential area of the Xinyi-Sihong segment of the Tanlu *** fault rupture length and width are constrained according to the scaling law of large intraplate earthquakes,the background normal stress is depth dependent,and the initial shear stresses are determined using trial and error by matching the earthquake *** the 120 km rupture length of the M7.5 earthquake,we compare the horizontal uniform stress model and self-similar stress perturbation *** findings reveal that the seismic source time function of the horizontal uniform stress model is similar to that of the Haskell model and that of the self-similar stress perturbation model is more similar to that of a real earthquake *** compare the dynamic rupture simulation and ground motion results under four different stress conditions and find that the shorter the characteristic length of the self-similar function is,the rougher the initial *** the M7.5earthquake with an epicenter in the vicinity of Suqian,the Xinyi-Tancheng segment,which is located in the IX-intensity zone north of the epicenter,vibrates more strongly on the northern side than on the southern side due to the influence of the lowvelocity zone and the peak slip *** response spectra analysis at stations in the study area is useful for improving the earthquake resistance capability.

关键词： Scenario earthquakes Self-similar stress Tanlu Fault Dynamic rupture Ground motion

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Electrochemical reconstruction of non-noble metal-based heterostructure nanorod arrays electrodes for highly stable anion exchange membrane seawater electrolysis

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第4期91卷 370-382页

作者： Jingchen Na Hongmei Yu Senyuan Jia Jun Chi Kaiqiu Lv Tongzhou Li Yun Zhao Yutong Zhao Haitao Zhang zhigang shao Fuel Cell System and Engineering Laboratory Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian 116023LiaoningChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Direct seawater electrolysis for hydrogen production has been regarded as a viable route to utilize surplus renewable energy and address the climate ***,the harsh electrochemical environment of seawater,particularly the presence of aggressive Cl^(-),has been proven to be prone to parasitic chloride ion oxidation and corrosion reactions,thus restricting seawater electrolyzer ***,hierarchical structure(Ni,Fe)O(OH)@NiCoS nanorod arrays(NAs)catalysts with heterointerfaces and localized oxygen vacancies were synthesized at nickel foam substrates via the combination of hydrothermal and annealing methods to boost seawater *** hiera rchical nanostructure of NiCoS NAs enhanced electrode charge transfer rate and active surface area to accelerate oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and generated sulfate gradient layers to repulsive aggressive Cl^(-).The fabricated heterostructure and vacancies of(Ni,Fe)O(OH)tuned catalyst electronic structure into an electrophilic state to enhance the binding affinity of hydroxyl intermediates and facilitate the structural transformation into amorphousγ-NiFeOOH for promoting ***,through operando electrochemistry techniques,we found that theγ-NiFeOOH possessing an unsaturated coordination environment and lattice-oxygen-participated OER mechanism can minimize electrode Cl^(-)corrosion enabled by stabilizing the adsorption of OH*intermediates,making it one of the best OER catalysts in the seawater medium reported to ***,these catalysts can deliver current densities of 100 and 500 mA cm-2for boosting OER at minimal overpotentials of 245and 316 mV,respectively,and thus prevent chloride ion oxidation ***,a highly stable anion exchange membrane(AEM)seawater electrolyzer based on the non-noble metal heterostructure electrodes reached a record low degradation rate under 100μV h-1at constant industrial current densities of 400 and 600 mA cm-2over 300 h,which exhibits a promi

关键词： Direct seawater electrolysis Anion exchange membrane water electrolysis Oxygen evolution reaction Oxygen vacancies Operando electrochemistry techniques

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基于径向多项式密度Tesseroid体的大尺度重力场快速正演计算

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地球物理学报 2024年第9期67卷 3556-3575页

作者：欧阳芳陈龙伟邵志刚中国地震局地震预测研究所北京100036 中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所四川绵阳621900 桂林理工大学地球科学学院桂林541006

在大尺度重力模拟中,为了考虑地球曲率的影响,通常将质量体沿经度、纬度及径向方向剖分为多个Tesseroid体,然后根据叠加原理将所有Tesseroid体重力效应之和近似为质量体的总重力场.在现有大多数方法中,总重力场的计算一般通过将各Tesser... 详细信息

在大尺度重力模拟中,为了考虑地球曲率的影响,通常将质量体沿经度、纬度及径向方向剖分为多个Tesseroid体,然后根据叠加原理将所有Tesseroid体重力效应之和近似为质量体的总重力场.在现有大多数方法中,总重力场的计算一般通过将各Tesseroid体的重力效应直接累加获得,尽管这种做法十分简单,但对于大尺度的复杂密度模型,其计算量十分巨大.为此,本文充分利用重力位、重力加速度及重力梯度张量核函数积分在经度方向的卷积特性,提出一种基于快速离散卷积算法和优化重力公式的高精度大尺度重力场模拟方法.该方法采用具有径向任意阶多项式密度的Tesseroid体来描述复杂密度分布,并以变密度Grombein优化公式为基础进行重力场正演模拟,从而有效克服经典球坐标系重力公式引起的极轴观测点奇异问题;同时联合Gauss-Legendre求积(GLQ)和水平方向的自适应网格剖分,实现重力积分的高精度计算,最后结合快速离散卷积算法获得质量体的重力效应.本文方法的加速策略通过如下途径实现:①假定经度方向的Tesseroid体具有相同尺寸,观测点位于同一高度且其采样间隔与Tesseroid体尺寸相等,由此建立与重力积分核对应的Toeplitz权系数矩阵,并利用Toeplitz对角线元素相等的特性,计算其第一列和第一行元素来复原完整矩阵,以此大大降低计算内存及计算时间;②利用基于FFT的离散卷积算法实现权系数矩阵与密度矩阵乘积的快速计算,从而进一步提高计算效率.数值算例表明,本文方法可实现近地表至卫星高度重力位、重力加速度及重力梯度张量的高精度计算,且其计算效率相较于直接累加法高出约3~4个数量级.该方法在WINTERC-G全球模型重力效应计算中的应用进一步证实了算法的可靠性和灵活性.本文快速算法是经典3D-GLQ方法的重要补充,对研究大尺度重力正反演问题、地形效应及地球内部结构等有重要意义.

关键词：区域及全球尺度重力效应模拟 FFT加速径向多项式密度Tesseroid体球坐标系

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SDC/YSZ/GDC复合电解质膜燃料电池研究

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电源技术 2024年第6期48卷 1011-1017页

作者：王坤李庆勋邵志刚程谟杰中国科学院大连化学物理研究所辽宁大连116023 中国科学院大学北京100039 中国石油天然气股份有限公司石油化工研究院北京102206

在钐掺杂的氧化铈(SDC)主电解质层上利用射频磁控溅射法沉积了氧化钇稳定的氧化锆(YSZ)电子阻隔层和钆掺杂的氧化铈(GDC)化学隔层,制备了SDC/YSZ/GDC多层复合电解质膜及电池。对复合电解质膜的固体氧化物燃料电池进行了物相分析、微观... 详细信息

在钐掺杂的氧化铈(SDC)主电解质层上利用射频磁控溅射法沉积了氧化钇稳定的氧化锆(YSZ)电子阻隔层和钆掺杂的氧化铈(GDC)化学隔层,制备了SDC/YSZ/GDC多层复合电解质膜及电池。对复合电解质膜的固体氧化物燃料电池进行了物相分析、微观结构表征和电化学性能测试。结果表明,复合电解质膜有效提升了电池的开路电位(OCV)和最大输出功率密度,这是因为复合电解质膜具有较高的离子电导率和电子电阻。

关键词：固体氧化物燃料电池复合电解质膜钐掺杂的氧化铈电池性能

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净化甲醇重整气用于PEMFC的研究进展

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电源技术 2024年第6期48卷 985-990页

作者：田心瑶孟海军邵志刚孙海中国科学院大连化学物理研究所燃料电池研究部辽宁大连116023 燃料电池及复合电能源重点实验室辽宁大连116023 中国石油大学(北京) 北京102249 军事科学院北京100141

质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)使用氢气作为燃料,但氢气的存储和运输仍然面临诸多挑战。选择液态储氢燃料甲醇进行在线制氢是解决氢源问题的有效途径之一。其中,甲醇水蒸汽重整制氢具有反应温度适中、高产氢、吸放热容易平衡等特点,得到广... 详细信息

质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)使用氢气作为燃料,但氢气的存储和运输仍然面临诸多挑战。选择液态储氢燃料甲醇进行在线制氢是解决氢源问题的有效途径之一。其中,甲醇水蒸汽重整制氢具有反应温度适中、高产氢、吸放热容易平衡等特点,得到广泛关注。从不同的应用场景出发,概述了甲醇水蒸汽重整制氢用于PEMFC电动车高纯氢气净化示范装置、燃料电池通信基站、高速公路智慧能源站等研究进展,总结了不同重整气净化工艺及其应用现状,并展望了未来的研究方向。

关键词：质子交换膜燃料电池甲醇重整氢气杂质净化操作条件能量效率

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用于氨水电解的自支撑Ni_(4)Cu_(1)Co_(x)/CC氨氧化电极研究

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电源技术 2024年第5期48卷 901-907页

作者：张奎赵云方达晖周利邵志刚中国科学院大连化学物理研究所辽宁大连116023 中国科学院大学北京100039

氨作为一种零碳能源载体,由于其较高的体积比能量和氢含量,被视为一种理想的氢载体。以氨作为燃料,通过电解的方式结合氨氧化反应,可以实现氨到氢的高效转化。以碳布为基底,采用电沉积法制备了一系列Ni_(4)Cu_(1)Co_(x)/CC一体化自支撑... 详细信息

氨作为一种零碳能源载体,由于其较高的体积比能量和氢含量,被视为一种理想的氢载体。以氨作为燃料,通过电解的方式结合氨氧化反应,可以实现氨到氢的高效转化。以碳布为基底,采用电沉积法制备了一系列Ni_(4)Cu_(1)Co_(x)/CC一体化自支撑电极。通过扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射和X射线光电子能谱等物理表征证明了材料的合成,通过循环伏安测试、电化学阻抗测试和计时电流测试等电化学测试以及氨水电解池测试证明了Co的掺杂能够提高氨氧化性能,并在氨水电解池中测试了其电解氨水性能。

关键词：氨电氧化氨水电解镍铜钴电催化氢

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高温质子交换膜水电解用Nafion/BN复合膜的制备与性能研究

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电源技术 2024年第5期48卷 895-900页

作者：陈泰朴孙树成郝金凯邵志刚中国科学院大连化学物理研究所辽宁大连116023 中国科学院大学北京100049

在研究高温质子交换膜水电解系统时,膜脱水引致质子传导率降低的情况是造成电解性能较低的主要问题。针对该问题,引入了氮化硼(BN)作为一种无机吸湿改性剂。通过采用掺杂浇铸技术,成功制备了Nafion/BN复合膜。氮化硼的卓越吸湿能力,以... 详细信息

在研究高温质子交换膜水电解系统时,膜脱水引致质子传导率降低的情况是造成电解性能较低的主要问题。针对该问题,引入了氮化硼(BN)作为一种无机吸湿改性剂。通过采用掺杂浇铸技术,成功制备了Nafion/BN复合膜。氮化硼的卓越吸湿能力,以及其表面碱性基团与Nafion分子链上磺酸基团之间的酸碱相互作用,共同形成了一个密集的氢键网络,从而推进质子的传递。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线能量散射光谱(EDS)的分析结果验证了氮化硼在复合膜中的均匀分布。吸水率的测试结果显示,BN的引入显著增强了复合膜的水吸附能力。通过质子电导率的测试,证实BN的掺杂显著提升了复合膜的质子电导率。在130℃的高温条件下,采用Nafion/BN复合膜构建的水电解装置表现出了卓越的电解效能,尤其是在2.0 V电压下,电流密度达到2.04 A/cm^(2),表明Nafion/BN复合膜在高温质子交换膜水电解领域内具有一定的发展潜力。

关键词：高温质子交换膜 Nafion 氮化硼电解水

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Microstructure formation mechanism of catalyst layer and its effect on fuel cell performance:Effect of dispersion medium composition

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第10期31卷 588-598,I0015页

作者： Hong Ren Xiangchao Meng Yongli Lin zhigang shao Fuel Cell System and Engineering Laboratory Key Laboratory of Fuel Cells&Hybrid Power SourcesDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian 116023LiaoningChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The design of the catalyst layer(CL)offers a feasible way to realize the commercialization of proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs).An in-depth understanding of catalyst inks is critical to achieving the optimal CL structure and cell *** this work,the effects of the solvent evaporation process during ink drying on the formation of the CL microstructure are particularly considered to reveal the structure-property correlations among the catalyst ink,drying process,CL microstructure and fuel cell *** increase in the alcohol content of the catalyst ink increases the amount of free ionomers while allowing the ionomer backbone to be more stretched in the dispersion *** higher alcohol content contributes to rapid solvent evaporation and thus inhibits the formation of coffee rings;as a result,a more developed ionomer network with a denser pore structure is ***,the alcohol-rich electrode exhibits better proton conduction capability,but higher oxygen transport *** complex fuel cell operating conditions,a catalyst ink formulation with 50 wt%alcohol content is preferred due to its proper ionomer and pore size distribution,providing satisfactory fuel cell performance.

关键词： Proton exchange membrane Fuel cell Ink composition Ionomer distribution Pore structure Ink drying process

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Experimental investigation on degradation mechanism of membrane electrode assembly at different humidity under automotive protocol

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2023年第4期56卷 70-79页

作者： Jiajun Wang Wenbin Yang Jiangtao Geng zhigang shao Wei Song Fuel Cell System and Engineering Laboratory Key Laboratory of Fuel Cells and Hybrid Power SourcesDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian 116023China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039China

Humidity can affect the attenuation of MEA(membrane electrode assembly), however, the relationship between humidity and MEA decays is complex and ambiguous in realistic application. Herein, we design a simulating automotive protocol, performed on five single fuel cells under RH(relative humidity) 100%,RH 80%, RH 64%, and RH 40%, RH 10%, respectively, to study the relationship of MEA decays and humidity and suggest optimized humidity range to extend the durability. With the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscope, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the four degradation mechanisms about catalyst layer, including Pt dissolution, Pt coarsening, carbon corrosion and ionomer degradation, are observed. Pt coarsening and carbon corrosion are accelerated by higher water content at high humidity. Ionomer degradation and Pt dissolution are enhanced in low humidity. With the linear sweep voltammetry, ion chromatography,nuclear magnetic resonance, tensile test and scan electron microscope, chemical and mechanical degradation in proton exchange membrane are all observed in these five fuels. Chemical degradation, characterized by membrane thinning and more fluoride loss, occurred markedly in RH 10%. Mechanical degradation, characterized by the non-uniformity thickness and bad mechanical properties, is more pronounced in RH 100%, RH 80%, RH 64%. These two degradations are in a moderate level in RH 40%. The research suggests that the RH range from 64% to 40% is conductive to mitigate the degradation of MEAs operated in automotive applications.

关键词： Fuel cell Simulating automotive protocol Relative humidity Degradation Membrane

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