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Biological,pathological,and multifaceted therapeutic functions of exosomes to target cancer

Oncology Research 2024年第1期32卷 73-94页

作者： VIGNESH BALAJI E DIVYA RAmESH mANISHA CHUNGAN SHAJU AKSHARA KUmAR SAmYAK PANDEY RAKSHA NAYAK V.ALKA SRISHTI mUNJAL AmIR SALImI K.SREEDHARA RANGANATH PAI shankar m.bakkannavar Department of Pharmacology Manipal College of Pharmaceutical SciencesManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnataka576104India Department of Forensic medicine and Toxicology Kasturba Medical CollegeManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnataka576104India School of Health and Community Services Durham CollegeOshawaOntarioL1G2G5Canada Department of Pharmaceutical Regulatory Affairs and management Manipal College of Pharmaceutical SciencesManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnataka576104India Department of Clinical Psychology Manipal College of Health ProfessionsManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnataka576104India Department of Speech and Hearing Manipal College of Health ProfessionsManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnataka576104India Department of Pharmacy Practice Manipal College of Pharmaceutical SciencesManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnataka576104India

Exosomes,small tiny vesicle contains a large number of intracellular particles that employ to cause various diseases and prevent several pathological events as well in the human *** is considered a“double-edged sword”,and depending on its biological source,the action of exosomes varies under physiological ***,the isolation and characterization of the exosomes should be performed accurately and the methodology also will vary depending on the exosome ***,the uptake of exosomes from the recipients’cells is a vital and initial step for all the physiological *** are different mechanisms present in the exosomes’cellular uptake to deliver their cargo to acceptor *** the exosomal uptake takes place,it releases the intracellular particles that leads to activate the physiological *** though exosomes have lavish functions,there are some challenges associated with every step of their preparation to bring potential therapeutic ***,overcoming the pitfalls would give a desired quantity of exosomes with high purity.

关键词： Exosomes Physiology Cancer Therapeutics Challenges

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Fatal Cardiac Tamponade following Road Traffic Accident

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Journal of Forensic Science and medicine 2023年第1期9卷 88-90页

作者： G.N.Pramod Kumar Smitha Rani shankar m.bakkannavar Department of Forensic medicine and Toxicology Karwar Institute of Medical SciencesKarwar Department of Forensic medicine and Toxicology JSS Medical CollegeJSS Academy of Higher Education and ResearchMysore Department of Forensic medicine and Toxicology Kasturba Medical CollegeManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnatakaIndia

Cardiac tamponade following blunt trauma results from cardiac rupture,leading to death even before the patient can receive medical *** such cases,the collected fluid(blood)in the pericardium inhibits the diastolic filling compressing the myocardium resulting in obstructive *** are reporting the case report of a 30-year-old male who was brought dead to the hospital with a history of road traffic *** investigating officer informed that the deceased driver was not wearing a seat *** findings showed fresh blood clots of 600 g in the pericardial sac with rupture of the left ventricular wall of the *** were contusions on the anterior aspect of the vertebrae corresponding to the heart *** it is impossible to prevent all the cases of cardiac tamponade,we can avoid the ones resulting from *** case intends to stress the importance of wearing a seat belt while driving a car to prevent fatal injuries.

关键词： Blunt chest trauma cardiac rupture seat belt traumatic cardiac tamponade

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Gas hydrate saturation from NGHP 02 LWD data in the mahanadi Basin

Energy Geoscience

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Energy Geoscience 2024年第2期5卷 279-289页

作者： Uma shankar Pradeep Kumar Yadav Sneha Devi Udham Singh Yadav Department of Geophysics Institute of ScienceBHUVaranasi221005India Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd. Gas Hydrate Research&Technology Centre(GHRTC)Panvel410221Navi MumbaiIndia

During the Indian National Gas Hydrate Program(NGHP)Expedition 02,Logging-while-drilling(LWD)logs were acquired at three sites(NGHP-02-11,NGHP-02-12,and NGHP-02-13)across the mahanadi Basin in area *** applied rock physics theory to available sonic velocity logs to know the distribution of gas hydrate at site NGHP-02-11 and *** physics modeling using sonic velocity at well location shows that gas hydrate is distributed mainly within the depth intervals of 150-265 m and 100 -215 mbsf at site NGHP-02-11 and NGHP-02-13,respectively,with an average saturation of about 4%of the pore space and the maximum concentration of about 40%of the pore space at 250 m depth at site NGHP-02-11,and at site NGHP-02-13 an average saturation of about 2%of the pore space and the maximum concentration of about 20%of the pore space at 246 m depth,as gas hydrate is distributed mainly within 100-246 mbsf at this *** of gas hydrate estimated from the electrical resistivity method using density derived porosity and electrical resistivity logs from Archie's empirical formula shows high saturation compared to that from the sonic ***,estimates of hydrate saturation based on sonic P-wave velocity may differ significantly from that based on resistivity,because gas and hydrate have higher resistivity than conductive pore fluid and sonic P-wave velocity shows strong effect on gas hydrate as a small amount of gas reduces the velocity significantly while increasing velocity due to the presence of *** site NGHP-02-11,gas hydrate saturation is in the range of 15%e30%,in two zones between 150-180 and 245-265 *** NGHP-02-012 shows a gas hydrate saturation of 20%e30%in the zone between 100 and 207 *** NGHP-02-13 shows a gas hydrate saturation up to 30%in the zone between 215 and 246 *** observations from rock physics modeling and Archie’s approximation show the gas hydrate concentrations are relatively low(<4%of the pore space)at the sites of the

关键词： mahanadi Basin Gas hydrate Sonic log Effective medium modeling Electrical resistivity log Archie’s analysis Gas hydrate saturation

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A stability-indicating LC–mS/mS method for zidovudine: Identification,characterization and toxicity prediction of two major acid degradation products

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2017年第4期7卷 231-236页

作者： Prashant S.Devrukhakar m.Shiva shankar G.shankar R.Srinivas School of Advance Sciences Vellore Institute of technology (VIT) National Centre for mass Spectrometry CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology

Zidvovudine(AZT) is a nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor(NRTI), a class of anti-retroviral drug. A stability-indicating assay method for AZT was developed in line with ICH guideline. Successful separation of AZT and its degradation products was achieved by gradient elution mode on reverse phase C_(18) column using 10 mm ammonium acetate: acetonitrile as the mobile phase at 0.8 mL/min flow rate, 25 μL injection volume, 30 °C column temperature and 285 nm detection wavelength. Two major acid degradation products were identified and characterized by liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization mass spectrometry(LC–ESI/mS/mS) and accurate mass measurements. The probable mechanisms for the formation of degradation products were identified based on a comparison of the fragmentation pattern of the [m + H]^+ions of AZT and its degradation products. One of the degradation products, DP-1, was isolated by semi-preparative high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) using Waters XBridge Prep C_(18)(250 mm×10 mm, 5 μm).Degradation products showed higher toxicity compared to the drug in some models assessed by TOPKAT software. The method validation was performed with respect to robustness, specificity, linearity, precision and accuracy as per ICH guideline Q2(R1).

关键词： Zidvovudine Stability study Degradation products In-silico toxicity prediction LC–ESI/mS/mS Degradation pathway

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Ensemble Based Learning with Accurate motion Contrast Detection

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2023年第2期35卷 1657-1674页

作者： m.Indirani S.shankar Hindusthan College of Engineering and Technology Coimbatore641032India

Recent developments in computer vision applications have enabled detection of signiﬁcant visual objects in video *** quoted in literature have detected objects from video streams using Spatiotemporal Particle Swarm Optimization(SPSOm)and Incremental Deep Convolution Neural Networks(IDCNN)for detecting multiple ***,the study considered opticalﬂows resulting in assessing motion *** methods have issue with accuracy and error rates in motion contrast ***,the overall object detection performance is reduced signiﬁ***,consideration of object motions in videos efﬁciently is a critical issue to be *** overcome the above mentioned problems,this research work proposes a method involving ensemble approaches to and detect objects efﬁciently from video *** work uses a system modeled on swarm optimization and ensemble learning called Spatiotemporal Glowworm Swarm Optimization model(SGSOm)for detecting multiple signiﬁcant objects.A steady quality in motion contrasts is maintained in this work by using Chebyshev distance *** proposed system achieves global optimization in its multiple object detection by exploiting spatial/temporal cues and local *** experimental results show that the proposed system scores 4.8%in mean Absolute Error(mAE)while achieving 86%in accuracy,81.5%in precision,85%in recall and 81.6%in F-measure and thus proving its utility in detecting multiple objects.

关键词： multiple signiﬁcant objects ensemble based learning modiﬁed pooling layer based convolutional neural network spatiotemporal glowworm swarm optimization model

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Phytosociology of stratification in a lowland tropical rainforest occurring north of the Tropic of Cancer in meghalaya, India

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Plant Diversity 2019年第5期41卷 285-299页

作者： Uma shankar Department of Botany North-Eastern Hill University

Stratification in lowland rainforests of meghalaya,India,which represent the westernmost limit of the rainforests north of the Tropic of Cancer,was studied in horizontal and vertical planes to elucidate the patterns in stacking of species diversity and community attributes,and to draw comparisons with rainforests of‘Indo-malaya’ecozone(biogeographical realm).All individuals≥10 cm GBH(girth at breast height)were enumerated in six transects of 10 m width and up to 500 m length covering 2.45 ha *** stratification of whole assemblage of species in vertical plane is referred to as‘storey structure’(=height class distribution),which explains structural *** horizontal plane,it is typically referred to as‘stand structure’(=girth class distribution),which explains structural *** stratification of an individual species in vertical plane is referred to as‘loftiness’and in horizontal plane,it is frequently referred to as‘population structure’.The stand structure was characterized by a negative exponential relationship or a reverse J-shaped curve,which is typical of a well regenerating forest *** storey structure was characterized by the low stature of the rainforest(m),subtle layering in the canopy with dearth of discrete multi-stories,narrower widths of the stories and a thick *** cluster analysis and‘candlestick charts’showed that the dominant species spatially segregated in canopy height to profile three strata,viz.,an understory of juveniles and shrubs below 5 m,a middle-storey of intermediate trees between 5 and 15 m,and an overstory of large trees between 15 and 25 *** trees of a few species may reach up to 30 *** individuals tended to scatter in increasingly wider range of height classes from a lower to the next higher girth class,creating a‘torchlight scatter’pattern,with a tendency to concentrate towards smaller height classes due to stochastic factors,which potentially influence vertical growth proportionate t

关键词： Forest stratification Stand structure Storey structure Loftiness Population structure Northeast India

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measurement of bit-rock interface temperature and wear rate of the tungsten carbide drill bit during rotary drilling

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Friction 2020年第6期8卷 1073-1082页

作者： Vijay Kumar shankar Bijay mihir KUNAR Chivukula Suryanarayana mURTHY m R RAmESH Department of mining Engineering National Institute of Technology KarnatakaSurathkal 575025India Department of mechanical Engineering National Institute of Technology KarnatakaSurathkal 575025India

Rock drilling is an essential operation in mining *** at the bit-rock interface plays a major role in the wear rate of the drill *** paper primarily focuses on the wear rate of tungsten carbide(WC)drill bit and the interrelationship between temperature and wear rate during rotary drilling operations conducted using a computer numerical control(CNC)*** interrelationship between the temperature and wear rate was studied with regard to three types of rock samples,i.e.,fine-grained sandstone(FG)of uniaxial compressive strength(UCS)that is 17.83 mPa,medium-grained sandstone(mG)of UCS that is 13.70 mPa,and fine-grained sandstone pink(FGP)of UCS that is 51.67 *** rate of the drill bit has been measured using controlled parameters,i.e.,drill bit diameter(6,8,10,12,and 16 mm),spindle speed(250,300,350,400,and 450 rpm),and penetration rate(2,4,6,8,and 10 mm/min),***,a fully instrumented laboratory drilling set-up was *** weight of each bit was measured after the bit reached 30 mm depth in each type of the rock ***,effects of the bit-rock interface temperature and operational parameters on wear rate of the drill bits were *** results show that the wear rate of drill bits increased with an increase in temperature for all the bit-rock combinations *** is due to the silica content of the rock sample,which leads to an increase in the frictional heat between the bit-rock ***,in case of medium-grained sandstone,the weight percentage(wt%)of SiO2 is around 7.23 wt%,which presents a very low wear rate coefficient of 6.33×10^–2 mg/(N?m).moreover,the temperature rise during drilling is also minimum,i.e.,around 74℃,in comparison to that of fine-grained sandstone and fine-grained sandstone *** addition,this paper develops the relationship between temperature and wear rate characteristics by employing simple linear regression analysis.

关键词： temperature wear rate drilling simple linear regression

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Heat transfer attributes of Al_(2)O_(3)-Fe_(3)O_(4)/H_(2)O hybrid nanofluid flow over a yawed cylinder

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Propulsion and Power Research 2022年第3期11卷 416-429页

作者： P.m.Patil H.F.shankar Department of mathematics KLE Technological UniversityB V Bhoomaraddi CampusVidyanagarHubballi-580031India Department of mathematics Karnatak UniversityPavate NagarDharawad-580003India

Flow over yawed and unyawed blunt bodies often occurs in various engineeringapplications. The fluid flow over a yawed cylinder explains the practical significance of subseaapplications such as transference control, separating the boundary layer above submergedblocks, and suppressing recirculating bubbles. The current study uses viscous dissipation toanalyze the mixed convective hybrid nanofluid flow around a yawed cylinder. Unlike the stan-dard nanofluid model, which only considers one type of nanoparticle, this work considers thehybridization of two types of nanoparticles: alumina (Al_(2)O_(3)) and magnetite (Fe_(3)O_(4)). A modelwas developed to investigate the heat transport behaviour of a hybrid nanofluid while account-ing for the solid volume fraction. The flow problem is modelled in terms of highly nonlinearpartial differential equations (NPDEs) subject to the appropriate boundary conditions. Thenappropriate non-similar transformations were used to non-dimensionalize the governing equa-tions. Furthermore, the non-dimensional governing equations were solved using the finite dif-ference method (FDm) and the quasilinearisation technique. The effects of water andnanoparticle concentrations on the velocity and the temperature patterns were illustrated graph-ically. The hybrid nanofluid reduces the velocity distribution in the spanwise and chordwise di-rections while increasing the surface drag coefficient. The hybrid nanofluid’s fluid temperatureand energy transport strength was higher than the base fluid and nanofluid. Also, the temper-ature of the fluid rises as the energy transfer strength diminishes due to an increase in the Eckert number, which characterizes viscous dissipation. However, when the yaw angle increases in thechordwise and spanwise directions, so does the fluid’s velocity. The new outcomes werecompared to previously published research and were in good agreement.

关键词： Yawed cylinder mixed convection Hybrid nanofluid Eckert number Finite difference method

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Stability of fluid flow in a Brinkman porous medium–A numerical study

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2014年第5期26卷 681-688页

作者： shankar B.m. KUmAR Jai SHIVAKUmARA I.S. 吴朝安 Department of mathematics PES Institute of TechnologyBangalore 560 085India ISRO Satellite Centre Bangalore 560 017India Department of mathematics Bangalore UniversityBangalore 560 001India Department of mechanical Engineering The University of Hong Kong

The stability of fluid flow in a horizontal layer of Brinkman porous medium with fluid viscosity different from effective viscosity is investigated. A modified Orr-Sommerfeld equation is derived and solved numerically using the Chebyshev collocation method. The critical Reynolds number Re, the critical wave number ac and the critical wave speed cc are computed for various values of porous parameter and ratio of viscosities. Based on these parameters, the stability characteristics of the system are discussed in detail. Streamlines are presented for selected values of parameters at their critical state.

关键词： Brinkman model Chebyshev collocation method hydrodynamic stability modified Orr-Sommerfeld equation

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Weakly nonlinear stability analysis of triple diffusive convection in a maxwell fluid saturated porous layer

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Applied mathematics and mechanics(English Edition) 2018年第2期39卷 153-168页

作者： K.R.RAGHUNATHA I.S.SHIVAKUmARA B.m.shankar Department of mathematics Bangalore University Department of mathematics PES University

The weakly nonlinear stability of the triple diffusive convection in a maxwell fluid saturated porous layer is investigated. In some cases, disconnected oscillatory neutral curves ave found to exist, indicating that three critical thermal Darcy-Rayleigh numbers are required to specify the linear instability criteria. However, another distinguishing feature predicted from that of Newtonian fluids is the impossibility of quasi-periodic bifurcation from the rest state. Besides, the co-dimensional two bifurcation points are located in the Darcy-Prandtl number and the stress relaxation parameter plane. It is observed that the value of the stress relaxation parameter defining the crossover between stationary and oscillatory bifurcations decreases when the Darcy-Prandtl number increases. A cubic Landau equation is derived based on the weakly nonlinear stability analysis. It is found that the bifurcating oscillatory solution is either supercritical or subcritical, depending on the choice of the physical parameters. Heat and mass transfers are estimated in terms of time and area-averaged Nusselt numbers.

关键词： maxwell fluid triple diffusive convection nonlinea~ stability bifurcation,heat and mass transfer

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