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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2021年第1期39卷 56-63页

作者： Qian LIU xiaodong shang Xiaohui XIE School of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering Jiangsu University of Science and TechnologyZhenjiang 212003China State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography South China Sea Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510301China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory Guangzhou 511458China State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics Second Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesHangzhou 310000China

Near-diurnal vertically-standing waves with high vertical wavenumbers k z were observed in the velocity and shear fi elds from a set of 75-d long ADCP moored in the northeastern South China Sea(SCS)away from the“critical”latitude of 28.8°.These enhanced near-diurnal internal waves followed a fortnightly spring-neap ***,they always happened during semidiurnal spring tides rather than diurnal springs although strong diurnal internal tides with the fortnightly spring-neap cycle were prevailing,suggesting that they were generated via subharmonic instability(PSI)of dominant semidiurnal M 2 internal *** two semidiurnal internal tidal waves with opposite vertical propagation direction intersected,both semidiurnal subharmonic and super harmonic waves were largely intensifi *** observed maximum diurnal velocity amplitudes were up to 0.25 m/*** kinetic energy and shear spectra further suggested that frequencies of daughter waves were not always perfectly equal to M 2/*** superposition of two daughter waves with nearly equal frequencies and nearly opposite k z in a PSI-triad leaded to the vertically-standing waves.

关键词： internal tides South China Sea(SCS) resonant interactions rotary spectra parametric subharmonic instability

The vertical heat transport of internal solitary waves over the continental slope in the northern South China Sea

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2019年第3期38卷 36-44页

作者： Changrong Liang xiaodong shang Guiying Chen State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

An integrated analysis of internal solitary wave(ISW) observations obtained from two moorings over the continental slope in the northern South China Sea(SCS) leads to an assessment of the vertical heat transport of the ISWs. The clusters of ISW packets are phase-locked to the fortnightly cycle of the semidiurnal tide. The ISWs appear during large semidiurnal tides, and there is a period of 5–6 d when no ISWs are observed. The effect of the ISWs on the continental slope heat budget is observed. The ISWs can modify a local temperature field in which the temperature in the upper layer can be changed by O(100) °C after the ISWs passed the mooring. Both ISWinduced diffusion and ISW-induced advection contribute to the temperature variation. The estimates imply an average vertical heat flux of 0.01 to 0.1 MW/m^2 in the ISWs in the upper 500 m of the water column. The vertical heat transport ranges from 0.56 to 2.83 GJ/m^2 with a mean value of 1.63 GJ/m^2. The observations suggest that the vertical heat transport is proportional to the maximum vertical displacement.

关键词： internal solitary wave vertical heat transport temperature variation diffusion advection vertical heat flux

The effect of Typhoon Kalmaegi on the modal energy and period of internal waves near the Dongsha Islands(South China Sea)

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2023年第12期42卷 22-31页

作者： Rongwei Zhai Guiying Chen Chenjing shang xiaodong shang Youren Zheng South China Sea Information Center of State Oceanic Administration Guangzhou 510310China State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography South China Sea Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510315China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science College of Life Sciences and OceanographyShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China

The influence of Typhoon Kalmaegi on internal waves near the Dongsha Islands in the northeastern South China Sea was investigated using mooring observation *** observed,for the first time,that the phenomenon of regular variation characteristics of the 14-d spring-neap cycle of diurnal internal tides(ITs)can be regulated by *** diurnal ITs lost the regular variation characteristics of the 14-d spring-neap cycle during the typhoon period owing to the weakening of diurnal coherent ITs,represented by O_(1)and K_(1),and the strengthening of diurnal incoherent *** of quantitative analysis showed that during the pre-typhoon period,timeaveraged modal kinetic energy(sum of Modes 1–5)of near-inertial internal waves(NIWs)and diurnal and semidiurnal ITs were 0.62 kJ/m^(2),5.66 kJ/m^(2),and 1.48 kJ/m^(2),***,during the typhoon period,the modal kinetic energy of NIWs increased 5.11 times,mainly due to the increase in high-mode kinetic *** the same time,the modal kinetic energy of diurnal and semidiurnal ITs was reduced by 68.9%and 20%,respectively,mainly due to the decrease in low-mode kinetic *** significantly reduced diurnal ITs during the typhoon period could be due to:(1)strong nonlinear interaction between diurnal ITs and NIWs,and(2)a higher proportion of high-mode diurnal ITs during the typhoon period,leading to more energy dissipation.

关键词： internal waves spring-neap cycle modal kinetic energy South China Sea

Eddy covariance measurements of turbulent fluxes in the surf zone

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2020年第3期39卷 63-72页

作者： Yongfeng Qi xiaodong shang Guiying Chen Linghui Yu State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography South China Sea Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510301China

Turbulent eddies play a critical role in oceanic flows. Direct measurements of turbulent eddy fluxes beneath the sea surface were taken to study the direction of flux-carrying eddies as a means of supplementing our understanding of vertical fluxes exchange processes and their relationship to tides. The observations were made at 32 Hz at a water depth of ~1.5 m near the coast of Sanya, China, using an eddy covariance system, which mainly consists of an acoustic doppler velocimeter(ADV) and a fast temperature sensor. The cospectra-fit method-an established semi-empirical model of boundary layer turbulence to the measured turbulent cospectra at frequencies below those of surface gravity waves-was used in the presence of surface gravity waves to quantify the turbulent eddy fluxes(including turbulent heat flux and Reynolds stress). As much as 87% of the total turbulent stress and 88% of the total turbulent heat flux were determined as being at band frequencies below those of surface gravity waves. Both the turbulent heat flux and Reynolds stress showed a daily successive variation;the former peaked during the low tide period and the later peaked during the ebb tide *** of roll-off wavenumbers, k0, and roll-off wavelengths, λ0(where λ0=2π/k0), which were estimated as the horizontal length scales of the dominant flux-carrying turbulent eddies, indicated that the λ0 of the turbulent heat flux was approximately double that of the Reynolds stress. Wavelet analysis showed that both the turbulent heat flux and the Reynolds stress have a close relationship to the semi-diurnal and diurnal tides, and therefore indicate the energy that is transported from tides to turbulence.

关键词： eddy covariance turbulent fluxes surface gravity waves cospectrum tides

Observations of upper layer turbulent mixing in the southern South China Sea

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2015年第11期34卷 6-13页

作者： shang xiaodong QI Yongfeng CHEN Guiying LIANG Changrong State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

A turbulent microstructure experiment was undertaken at a low latitude of 10°N in the South China Sea in late August 2012. The characteristics of the eddy diffusivity above 650 m were analyzed, which is one order of magnitude larger than that in the open ocean at that low latitude. Enhanced eddy diffusivities by strong shears and sharp changes in topography were observed. The strongest eddy diffusivity occurred in the mixed layer, and it reached O（10^-2 m^2/s）. Strong stratification in the thermocline inhibited the penetration of surface eddy diffusivities through the thermocline, where the mixing was weakest. Below the thermocline, where the background eddy diffusivity was approximately O（10^-6 m^2/s）, the eddy diffusivity increased with depth, and its largest value was O（10^-3 m^2/s）.

关键词： southern South China Sea turbulent mixing dissipation rate topography

Observing spectral characteristics over a continental shelf and slope in the South China Sea

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2013年第7期32卷 29-37页

作者： shang xiaodong XU Chi CHEN Guiying WU Lixin State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography South China Sea Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Acoustics Chinese Academy of Sciences

Using in situ measurement data from May-June, 1998, and data from the Asian seas international acoustics experiment （ASIAEX） from 2001 in the South China Sea （SCS）, the spectral density function and the dissipa- tion spectrum function are estimated. In the inffa-gravity wave （IGW） band, the power spectra of velocity （u, v, w） are universal functions with respect to characteristic frequencies, which correspond to the peak fre- quencies of the dissipation spectrum （PFDS）. This suggests that high-frequency internal waves in the IGW band have similar dynamical characteristics. In addition, the evolution of these characteristic frequencies is explored and its highest value is 8.8 cph （cycles per hour, 1 cph=2.778× 10-3 Hz）.

关键词： dissipation spectra,characteristic frequencies South China Sea

Modal structure and propagation of internal tides in the northeastern South China Sea

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2019年第9期38卷 12-23页

作者： Qian Liu Xiaohui Xie xiaodong shang Guiying Chen Hong Wang School of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering Jiangsu University of Science and Technology Zhenjiang 212003 China State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics Second Institute of Oceanography Ministry of Natural Resources Hangzhou 310012 China State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510301 China

The evolution of energy, energy flux and modal structure of the internal tides (ITs) in the northeastern South China Sea is examined using the measurements at two moorings along a cross-slope section from the deep continental slope to the shallow continental shelf. The energy of both diurnal and semidiurnal ITs clearly shows a ~14-day spring-neap cycle, but their phases lag that of barotropic tides, indicating that ITs are not generated on the continental slope. Observations of internal tidal energy flux suggest that they may be generated at the Luzon Strait and propagate west-northwest to the continental slope in the northwestern SCS. Because the continental slope is critical-supercritical with respect to diurnal ITs, about 4.6 kJ/m^2 of the incident energy and 8.7 kW/m of energy flux of diurnal ITs are reduced from the continental slope to the continental shelf. In contrast, the semidiurnal internal tides enter the shelf because of the sub-critical topography with respect to semidiurnal ITs. From the continental slope to the shelf, the vertical structure of diurnal ITs shows significant variation, with dominant Mode 1 on the deep slope and dominant higher modes on the shelf. On the contrary, the vertical structure of the semidiurnal ITs is stable, with dominant Mode 1.

关键词： South China Sea internal tides propagation scattering modal structure

Spatial structure of turbulent mixing of an anticyclonic mesoscale eddy in the northern South China Sea

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2020年第11期39卷 69-81页

作者： Yongfeng Qi Chenjing shang Huabin Mao Chunhua Qiu Changrong Liang Linghui Yu Jiancheng Yu xiaodong shang State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography South China Sea Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510301China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Eco-environmental Science College of Life Science and OceanographyShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China Ocean College Zhejiang UniversityZhoushan 316021China The Center for Coastal Ocean Science and Technology School of Marine SciencesSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China State Key Laboratory of Robotics Shenyang Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China

Upper turbulent mixing in the interior and surrounding areas of an anticyclonic eddy in the northern South China Sea(SCS)was estimated from underwater glider data(May 2015)in the present study,using the Gregg-HenyeyPolzin parameterization and the Thorpe-scale *** observations revealed a clear asymmetrical spatial pattern of turbulent mixing in the anticyclonic eddy *** diffusivity(in the order of 10–3 m2/s)was found at the posterior edge of the anticyclonic mesoscale eddy;on the anterior side,diffusivity was one order of magnitude lower on *** asymmetrical pattern was highly correlated with the eddy kinetic *** shear variance on the posterior side,which is conducive to the triggering of shear instability,may be the main mechanism for the elevated *** addition,the generation and growth of sub-mesoscale motions that are fed by mesoscale eddies on their posterior side may also promote the occurrence of strong mixing in the studied *** results of this study help improve our knowledge regarding turbulent mixing in the northern SCS.

关键词： mesoscale eddy turbulent mixing South China Sea GHP parameterization Thorpe-scale method

Vertical multiple-layer structure of temperature and turbulent diffusivity in the South China Sea

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2022年第10期41卷 14-21页

作者： Xin He Changrong Liang Yang Yang Guiying Chen xiaodong shang Xiaozhou He Penger Tong State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography South China Sea Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou510301China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou) Guangzhou511458China Institution of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou510301China Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering Chinese Academy of SciencesSanya572000China School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation Harbin Institute of TechnologyShenzhen518055China Department of Physics Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong999077China

We report field measurements of vertical profiles of the turbulent diffusivity and temperature at different stations in the South China Sea(SCS).Our study shows that the measured turbulent diffusivity follows a power-law distribution with a varying exponent in water *** multiple-layer scaling regimes were also observed from the temperature *** turbulent diffusivity and temperature fluctuations,the vertical structure of temperature was ***,we discussed the temperature profiles in each layer.A constant function of a dimensionless temperature profile was found in water layers that have identical turbulence *** results reveal the multiple-layer structure of temperature in the *** study contributes to the understanding of the vertical structure of multiple layers in the SCS and provides clues for exploring the physical mechanism for maintaining the temperature structure.

关键词： temperature profile turbulent diffusivity South China Sea multiple layers

Mycorrhizal Synthesis Involving Boletus edulis and Pinus massoniana

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食用菌学报 2009年第1期16卷 37-42页

作者： FU Shaochun TAN Qi CHEN Mingjie shang xiaodong CAI Lingyi ZHANG Meiyan Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilization Ministry of AgriculturePeople＇s Republic of China shanghai Research Center for Edible Fungi Biotechnology and Engineering shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding Institute of Edible Fungi Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences Shanghai 201106. China

Mycorrhizae involving Boletus edulis and Pinus massoniana have been successfully established and their morphological characteristics *** conditions for mycorrhizal synthesis were determined using orthogonal testing of three parameters:substrate,age of host plant and inoculation *** integration analysis of plant survival rates,diameter of seedling rootstock,height of seedling shoot,number of mycorrhizae,ratio of shoot/root biomass,number of mycorrhizae,and the ratio of infected/non-infected root tips,we concluded that a double-layered growth substrate that simulated natural soil structure was superior for mycorrhizal synthesis compared with the more commonly used single-layered peat moss and vermiculite substrate,especially when sepiolite powder was also added.

关键词：牛肝菌马尾松土壤结构栽培技术