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Certain Additive Maps on （m ＋ n ＋ 1）-Power Closed Lie Ideals

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Algebra Colloquium 2014年第1期21卷 81-94页

作者： kun-shan Liu Department of Mathematics National Taiwan University Taipei 106 Taiwan

Let R be a prime ring and m, n be fixed non-negative integers such that m＋n ≠ 0. Suppose L is an （m＋m＋1）-power closed Lie ideal, and this means ure＋n＋1 ∈ L for all u ∈ L. If charR = 0 or a prime p 〉 2（m ＋ n）, we characterize the additive maps d： L → R satisfying d（um＋n＋1） = （m -＋n ＋ 1）umd（u）un （resp., d（um＋n＋l） = umd（u）un） for all u ∈ L.

关键词： prime ring k-power closed Lie ideal additive map GPI functional identity

Combined effects of solar UV radiation and CO_2-induced seawater acidification on photosynthetic carbon fixation of phytoplankton assemblages in the South China Sea

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2010年第32期55卷 3680-3686页

作者： WU YaPing GAO kun shan State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China

We carried out short term pCO2/pH perturbation experiments in the coastal waters of the South China Sea to evaluate the combined effects of seawater acidification (low pH/high pCO2) and solar UV radiation (UVR,280-400 nm) on photosynthetic carbon fixation of phytoplankton assemblages. Under photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) alone treatments,reduced pCO2 (190 ppmv) with increased pH resulted in a significant decrease in the photosynthetic carbon fixation rate (about 23%),while enriched pCO2 (700 ppmv) with lowered pH had no significant effect on the photosynthetic performance compared to the ambient level. The apparent photosynthetic efficiency decreased under the reduced pCO2 level,probably due to C-limitation as well as energy being diverged for up-regulation of carbon concentrating mechanisms (CCMs). In the presence of UVR,both UV-A and UV-B caused photosynthetic inhibition,though UV-A appeared to enhance the photosynthetic efficiency under lower PAR levels. UV-B caused less inhibition of photosynthesis under the reduced pCO2 level,probably because of its contribution to the inorganic carbon (Ci)-acquisition processes. Under the seawater acidification conditions (enriched pCO2),both UV-A and UV-B reduced the photosynthetic carbon fixation to higher extents compared to the ambient pCO2 conditions. We conclude that solar UV and seawater acidification could synergistically inhibit photosynthesis.

关键词：太阳紫外线辐射二氧化碳分压光合作用效率沿海水域酸化条件南中国海浮游植物光合碳

Influence of sunlight on the proliferation of cyanobacterial blooms and its potential applications in Lake Taihu, China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2014年第3期26卷 626-635页

作者： Qichao Zhou Wei Chen kun shan Lingling Zheng Lirong Song State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology Institute of Hydrobiology Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

To learn the relationship between sunlight intensity and cyanobacterial proliferations for the further control of the heavy blooms, enclosure experiment were conducted in Meiliang Bay, Lake Taihu by regulating the natural light intensities with different shading ratio （0% （full sunlight）, 10%, 25%, 50% and 75% of original natural sunlight intensities） from September to November in 2010. The results indicated that phytoplankton biomass （mean） decreased significantly when the shading ratios reached 50% or more. Higher shading ratios （e.g. 75%） were very efficient in controlling the average and total cyanobacterialbloom biomass, while 50% shading ratio was proven very effective either in controlling the peak value of phytoplankton biomass or postponing the occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms in Lake Talhu. In addition, phytoplankton composition and photosynthesis efficiency were also affected by altering the shading ratios, and in turn, they might also act on phytoplankton growth. Based on the results from the present study, intermediate shading strategies such as regulation of water level or turbidity through the hydrology regulations would probably be an effective and efficient method in controlling cyanobacterial blooms in large and shallow lakes.

关键词： light cyanobacterial bloomscontrol Lake Taihu enclosure experiment

Anthropogenic,detritic and atmospheric soil-derived sources of lead in an alpine poor fen in northeast China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2016年第2期13卷 255-264页

作者： BAO kun-shan SHEN Ji WANG Guo-ping TSERENPIL Shurkhuu State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment Nanjing Institute of Geography and LimnologyChinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment Northeast Institute of Geography and AgroecologyChinese Academy of Sciences Nuclear Research Center National University of Mongolia Nuclear Application and Research Center Akdeniz University

Ombrotrophic bogs are faithful archive of atmospheric metal deposition, but the potential for fens to reconstruct environmental change is often underestimated. In this study, some new data on the Pb depositional history in northeast China were provided using two ^210Pb-dated peat sequences from a poor fen in the Fenghuang Mountain of Heilongjiang province. Anthropogenic, detritic and atmospheric soil sources were discriminated using a two-step sequential digestion （weak acid leaching to liberate mobile Pb which is often regarded as anthropogenic Pb, especially for recent samples） and a ratio of unsupported ^210Pb and supported ^210Pb with the logic of that the ^214Pb mainly represents the residual detritus （constant throughout the core） and the unsupported ^210Pb arises from atmospheric fallout. A higher ^210Pb/^214Pb suggests more contributions from atmospheric deposition to the Pb content in the peat, and a ratio of 10 was defined to indicate the boundary between detrific input and atmospheric deposition. The detritic Pb was estimated to be 10-13 mg·kg^-1, the anthropogenic Pb ranged from 10-80 mg·kg^-1, and the atmospheric soil-derived Pb ranged from 〈 5 mg·kg^-1 to 30 mg·kg^-1. The history of anthropogenic Pb pollution over the last 150 years was reconstructed, and the calculated Pb deposition rate （AR Pb） ranged from 5 to 56 mg·m^-2·yr^-1. Using Ti as a reliable reference, the enrichment factor of Pb （EF Pb） relative to the upper continental crust was calculated. Both AR Pb and EF Pb increased with time, especially after the foundation of the People＇s Republic of China. This is consistent with increasing industrialization and coal burning in the last 60 years in northeast China. The present record of anthropogenic Pb deposition was consistent with the previous reports and an increasing trend of environmental pollution due to anthropogenic activities, in contrasts to Europe and North America which have experienced a major environmental cleanup. For the first tim

关键词： Ombrotrophic bog Minerotrophicpeatland Pb deposition rate Enrichment factor ^210Pb and ^137Cs Metal pollution

Significantly reduced function of T cells in patients with acute arterial thrombosis

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2015年第3期12卷 287-293页

作者： Wen-Wen YAN kun-shan ZHANG Qiang-Lin DUAN Le-Min WANG i University School of Medicine ShanghaL China

Objectives To explore the intrinsic factors related to the pathogenesis of acute arterial thrombosis （AAT） and to elucidate the patho- genesis of AAT on the basis of differentially expressed genes. Methods Patients with acute myocardial infarction （AMI）, stable angina （SA） and healthy controls （n = 20 per group） were recruited, and the whole human genome microarray analysis was performed to detect the differentially expressed genes among these subjects. Results Patients with AMI had disease-specific gene expression pattern. Biological functional analysis showed the function of T cells was significantly reduced, the mitochondrial metabolism significantly decreased, the ion metabolism was abnormal, the cell apoptosis and inflammatory reaction increased, the phagocytosis elevated, the neutrophil-mediated immunity increased and the post-traumatic repair of cells and tissues increased in AMI patients. The biological function in SA group and healthy controis remained stable and was comparable. Conclusions The reduced function ofT cell gene models in AAT showed the dysfunction of the immune system. The pathogenesis of AAT may be related to the inflammatory reaction after arterial intima infection caused by potential pathogenic microorganisms.

关键词： Acute arterial thrombosis Gene expression pattern Myocardial infarction Stable angina

A 200-Year Record of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Contamination in an Ombrotrophic Peatland in Great Hinggan Mountain, Northeast China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2014年第5期11卷 1085-1096页

作者： BAO kun-shan SHEN Ji ZHANG Yan WANG Jian WANG Guo-ping State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology Chinese Academy of Sciences

Peat bogs are regarded as one of the faithful archives of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) deposition, and a large number of studies on PAHs accumulation in peatlands have been reported in Europe and North America. Comparatively little information is available on peat chronological records of atmospheric PAHs flux in China. We investigated the concentrations and historical accumulation rates of PAHs(AR PAHs) through geochemical analysis of three 210Pb-dated ombrotrophic peat cores from Great Hinggan Mountain, northeast China. Eight USEPA priority PAHs were detected and they are naphthalene(Nap), acenaphthylene(Acl), acenaphthene(Ace), fluorence(Flu), phenanthrene(Phe), anthracene(Ant), fluoranthene(Fla) and pyrene(Pyr), respectively. The average total eight PAHs(tPAHs) concentrations are 135.98- 262.43 μg kg-1 and the average AR tPAHs over the last two centuries are 96.45- 135.98 μg m-2 yr-1. The Ace, Acl and Phe account for 30.93- 54.04%, 25.29- 35.81%, and 9.14- 19.84% of the tPAHs, respectively, and have significant positive correlations with the tPAH. As a result, they are regarded as the iconic compounds of PAHs pollution in this area. A ca.200-yr atmospheric PAHs contamination history was reconstructed from the temporal sequences of bothconcentration and AR tPAHs, suggesting the variation of local environmental pollution. The main sources of the PAHs are identified by two isomer ratios as petrogenic origin including oil extraction and refining process as well as their combustions for industrial development. In addition, the contribution of coal combustion for industrial activities and resident heating could not be ignored. But prior to 1860, the undeveloped industry and most of agricultural activities might mainly account for the low level of PAHs, although it could infer a long-range input of atmospheric PAHs from other industrial areas. Therefore, there is a global implication to study longterm PAHs pollution records and all the results wil

关键词： Ombrotrophic peatland polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) Lead-210 Environmental pollution

Seasonal dynamics of water bloom-forming Microcystis morphospecies and the associated extracellular microcystin concentrations in large,shallow,eutrophic Dianchi Lake

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2014年第9期26卷 1921-1929页

作者： Yanlong Wu Lin Li Nanqin Gan Lingling Zheng Haiyan Ma kun shan Jin Liu Bangding Xiao Lirong Song Key Laboratory of Algal Biology Institute of HydrobiologyChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology Institute of HydrobiologyChinese Academy of Sciences

The increasing occurrence of Microcystis blooms is of great concern to public health and ecosystem due to the potential hepatotoxic microcystins （MCs） produced by these colonial cyanobacteria. In order to interpret the relationships between variations of Microcyst/s morphospedes and extracellular MC concentrations, the seasonal dynamics of phytoplankton community composition, MC concentrations, and environmental parameters were monitored monthly from August, 2009 to July, 2010. The results indicated that Microcystis dominated total phytoplankton abundance from May to December （96%--99% of total biovolume）, with toxic Microcystis viridis and non-toxic Microcystis wesenbergii dominating after July （constituting 65%- 95% of the Microcystis population）, followed by M. viridis as the sole dominant species from November to January （49%--93%）. Correlation analysis revealed that water temperature and nutrient were the most important variables accounting for the occurrence ofM. wesenbergii, while the dominance ofM. viridis was related with nitrite and nitrate. The relatively low content of MCs was explained by the association with a large proportion of M. viriclis and M. wesenbergii, small colony size of Microcystis populations, and low water temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen. The extracellular MC （mean of 0.5 ± 0.2 μg/L） of water samples analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） demonstrated the low concentrations of MC in Dianchi Lake which implied the low potential risk for human health in the basin. The survey provides the first whole lake study of the occurrence and seasonal variability of Microcyst/s population and

关键词： Cyanobacterial bloomsMorphospecies Microcystis successionToxicityDianchi Lake

NON-SYNDROMIC HEARING LOSS AND HIGH- THROUGHPUT STRATEGIES TO DECIPHER ITS GENETIC HETEROGENEITY

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Journal of Otology 2013年第1期8卷 6-24页

作者： Liu Xue Zhong shan kun Qing Jing Cheng Jing YanDenise Department of Otolaryngology University of Miami The Fifth Affiliated Hospital Xinjiang Medical University Medical Systems Biology Research Center School of MedicineTsinghua University

Hearing loss (HL) is the most common sensory disorder, affecting all age groups, ethnicities, and gen-ders. According to World Health Organization (WHO) estimates in 2005, 278 million people worldwide have moderate to profound HL in both ears. Results of the 2002 National Health Interview Survey indicate that nearly 31 million of all non-institutionalized adults (aged 18 and over) in the United States have trouble hearing. Epidemiological studies have estimated that approximately 50%of profound HL can be attributed to genetic causes. With over 60 genes implicated in nonsyndromic hearing loss, it is also an extremely het-erogeneous trait. Recent progress in identifying genes responsible for hearing loss enables otolaryngologists and other clinicians to apply molecular diagnosis by genetic testing. The advent of the $1000 genome has the potential to revolutionize the identification of genes and their mutations underlying genetic disorders. This is especially true for extremely heterogeneous Mendelian conditions such as deafness, where the muta-tion, and indeed the gene, may be private. The recent technological advances in target-enrichment methods and next generation sequencing offer a unique opportunity to break through the barriers of limitations im-posed by gene arrays. These approaches now allow for the complete analysis of all known deafness-causing genes and will result in a new wave of discoveries of the remaining genes for Mendelian disorders. This re-view focuses on describing genotype-phenotype correlations of the most frequent genes including GJB2, which is responsible for more than half of cases, followed by other common genes and on discussing the im-pact of genomic advances for comprehensive genetic testing and gene discovery in hereditary hearing loss.

关键词： GJB THROUGHPUT STRATEGIES TO DECIPHER ITS GENETIC HETEROGENEITY NON-SYNDROMIC HEARING LOSS AND HIGH gene

Mutual feedback between algal blooming and global warming

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2024年第3期42卷 787-801页

作者： Jianrong MA Guijun YANG Xianfu ZHAO Boqiang QIN kun shan Botian ZHOU Yan ZENG Jingfu WANG Jingan CHEN Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesChongqing 400714China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuiyang 550002China School of Environment and Ecology Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China Key Laboratory of Ministry of Water Resources for Ecological Impacts of Hydraulic-projects and Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystem Institute of HydroecologyMinistry of Water Resources&Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430079China State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment Nanjing Institute of Geography and LimnologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China

Global warming and algal blooms have been two of the most pressing problems faced by the world *** recent decades,numerous studies indicated that global warming promoted the expansion of algal ***,research on how algal blooms respond to global warming is *** warming coupled with eutrophication promoted the rapid growth of phytoplankton,which resulted in an expansion of algal *** blooms are affected by the combined effects of global warming,including increases in temperatures,CO_(2)concentration,and nutrient input to aquatic systems by extreme weather *** the growth of phytoplankton requires CO_(2),they appear to act as a carbon ***,algal blooms will release CH4,CO_(2),and inorganic nitrogen when they die and *** substrate nitrogen increases from decompose algal biomass,more N2O will be released by nitrification and *** comparison to CO_(2),CH4has 28-fold and N2O has 265-fold greenhouse ***,algal blooms in the polar regions may contribute to melting glaciers and sea ice(will release greenhouse gas,which contribute to global warming)by reducing surface albedo,which consequently would accelerate global ***,algal blooms and global warming could form feedback loops which prevent human survival and *** researches shall examine the mechanism,trend,strength,and control strategies involved in this mutual ***,it will promote global projects of environmental protection combining governance greenhouse gas emissions and algal blooms,to form a geoengineering for regulating the cycles of carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorus.

关键词： climate change carbon neutrality eutrophication greenhouse gas glaciers melting geoengineering