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A Different Opinion on the Geological Age of the Longzhaogou and Jixi Groups of Eastern Heilongjiang, china

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 1992年第2期66卷 209-218,223页

作者： sha jingeng {2. {3. of {3. and Palaeontology, Academia Sinica, {2., Jiangsu nanjing institute of {2. and Palaeontology Academia Sinica Nanjing Jiangsu

The age of the Longzhaogou and Jixi Groups of coal measures in eastern Heilongjiang were previouslyconsidered to be Jurassic or mainly Jurassic. But there occur Middle Barremian-Early Albian Aucellina(bivalvia) fossils in the Upper Yunshan Formation of the Longzhaogou Group and the Lower Chengzihe For-mation of the Jixi Group, and the Qihulin Formation of the Longzhaogou Group yields Early Cretaceousbivalve and ammonite fossils. Consequently, the geological ages of the two groups are mainly, or even all, Ear-ly Cretaceous.

关键词： A Different Opinion on the Geological Age of the Longzhaogou and Jixi Groups of Eastern Heilongjiang china

Aoyitake plagiogranite in western Tarim Block, NW china: Age, geochemistry, petrogenesis and its tectonic implications

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Science china Earth Sciences 2006年第11期49卷 1121-1134页

作者： ZHANG Chuanlin1,2. YU Haifeng3. YE Haimin2. ZHAO Yu2.& ZHANG Dongsheng4 1. Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochronology and Geochemistry, Guangzhou {3. of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, china 2. {2. {3. of geology and Mineral Resources, {2. 2.0016, china 3. Tianjin {3. of geology and Mineral Resources, Tianjin 3.0170, china 4. The 2.d Regional Geological Investigation Party, Xinjiang Bureau of geology and Mineral Resources, Changji 83.100, china 1. Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochronology and Geochemistry Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510640 China 2. nanjing institute of {2. and Mineral Resources Nanjing 210016 China 3. Tianjin institute of geology and Mineral Resources Tianjin 300170 China 4. The 2.d Regional Geological Investigation Party Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources Changji 831100 China

SHRIMPP U-Pb zircon age and geochemical and Nd isotopic data are reported for the Aoyitake plagiogranite in western Tarim Block, NW china. The plagiogranite intruded the Middle Pro- terozoic and Lower Carboniferous with an exposure area of ca. 60 km2.and crystallized at 3.0.7±4.8 Ma. Rock types mainly include tonalite, trondhjemite and minor amounts of diorite and quartz-diorite. Feldspars in the rocks are dominated by oligoclase-andesine, and minor perthite observed locally. The granites are sodic with Na/K ratios (molar) between 4 and 87. Total REE (50-2.0 ppm) show a clear positive correlation with SiO2. There is no LRRE/HREE fractionation (LaN/YbN=0.5-1.5), me- dium negative Eu anomalies (δ Eu=0.3.0.6), high Y content and low Sr/Y ratio (~1.0). These granites exhibit relatively juvenile Nd T2.M model ages of 470 to 580 Ma and positive εNd(3.1 Ma) values of 6.2. to 7.65. The aforementioned characteristics are similar to those of ocean island or ocean ridge plagiogranites. However, the regional geology, especially its scale, precludes that the plagiogranite pluton was derived directly from fractionational crystallization of mantle-derived basaltic magma. We interpreted that the primary magma of the pluton might be tonalitic in composition generated by ca. 50% partial melting of the juvenile basaltic crust. The primary magma experienced intensive frac- tionational crystallization, and intruded into the middle to upper crusts to form the granite pluton. In combination with the previous regional geological data, it is concluded that the plagiogranite pluton was emplaced within the Tarim Block in respond to the Carboniferous continental rifting along the Tian{2.n orogenic belt.

关键词： western Tarim, Aoyitake plagiogranite, age, geochemistry, tectonic implications.

BIOGEOGRAPHIC RELATIONS OF THE JURASSIC PECTINOIDA AND OSTREOIDA (BIVALVIA) BETWEEN TANGGULA AND OTHER AREAS

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地学前缘 2000年第S1期7卷 139-141页

作者： sha jingeng ({2. {3. of {3. and Palaeontology, Academia Sinica, nanjing 2.0008, china)

There are abundant Bajocian—Tithonian bivalves in the main ridge of the Tanggula Mountains of northern Qinghai—Xizang Plateau, china. After figuring the common and coeval species between Tanggula and other areas (Fig. 1), and tracing the temporal and spacial historical distribution of the bivalves very capable of dispersion, some Jurassic bivalve biogeographic items, particularly the biogeographic relations, have been lit up. In the known 2. taxa of the Jurassic Pectinoida and Ostreoida from the main ridge of the Tanggula Mountains, there are 12.(57%) common and coeval species in northern Tethys, 13.(62.) common and coeval species in southern Tethys and 12.(57%) in Kachchh—southern Xizang area. It has demonstrated that there existed intermigration of bivalves between Tanggula and various parts of Tethys. Although there is no coeval species between Tanggula and western Australia, in these two areas there exist 6 (2.%) close range common species of which 4 (19%) coevaity existed in western Australia and India Plate. Tanggula fauna is, therefore, still very close to that of western Australia. However, there are 15 (71%) common and 14 (67%) coevality species between the main ridge of the Tanggula Mountains and northwestern Europe, among the common species, 8 (3.%) ones have lower limitation (first occurrence) in northwestern Europe but only 2.(10%) taxa are older in the main ridge of the Tanggula Mountains. It is very clear that pectinite and ostrea fauna of Tethys, particularly the main ridge of the Tanggula Mountains and Europe had very close relation and most Tanggula’s or northern Tethyan taxa migrated from northwestern Europe.

关键词： biogeographic relation Jurassic Bivalvia Tanggula of norther n Qinghai—Xizang plateau Tethys northwestern Eu rope Pacific

Holocene grassland vegetation, climate and human impact in central eastern Inner Mongolia

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第7期48卷 1025-1039页

作者： HUANG Fei1, Kealhofer Lisa2. XIONG shangfa3.& HUANG Fengbao1 1. nanjing {2. of geology and Paleontology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,nanjing 2.0008,china 2. Anthropology and Sociology Department,Santa Clara University,CA 95053.USA 3. {2. of geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 10002.,china nanjing institute of {2. and Paleontology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China Anthropology and Sociology Department Santa Clara University CA 95053 United States institute of geology and Geoohysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijina 100029 China

Phytolith and pollen preserved in the Taipusi Banner paleosol profile, central eastern Inner Mongolia, provide evidence of Holocene grassland vegetation, climate and human impact. The combined phytolith and pollen records reveal a major change in vegetation composition about 5000 a BP. Before 5000 a BP, the vegetation was dominated by Aneurolepidium Chinese-Stipa grandis grassland of C4 grasses. After 5000 a BP, C4 grasses rapidly retreated, indicating a shift to colder and more arid conditions. The gradual invasion of Stipa krylovii, Ag-ropyron desertorum, Ephedra, Chenopodiaceae and Caragana reveal the onset of grassland degeneration. Between 10000 and 872. a BP, the Aneurolepidium Chinese-Stipa grandis grassland included a small proportion of Artemisia shrub and Echionopos type plants, implying a strong winter monsoon and very weak summer monsoon. From 872. to 7000 a BP, C4 grasses were common, indicating a strengthening of the summer monsoon. Between 7000 and 5000 a BP, the Holocene thermal maximum was evident, with a significant expansion of C4 grasses and the presence of some trees (such as Pinus and Betula, and so on) in or near the study site. From 42.0?000 a BP, a sandy grassland of Artemisia and Agropyron desertorum together with Aster-type taxa occurred. Precipitation amelioration took place between 3.00 and 2.70 a BP, with a rapid development of Echinops type plants and a small expansion of C4 grasses. From 2.70 a BP to present, human activities accelerated the process of grassland degeneration.

关键词： phytolith and pollen records grassland environment change human impact Holocene central eastern Inner Mongolia.

Environmental characteristics of Mid-Holocene recorded by lacustrine sediments from Lake Daihai, north environment sensitive zone, china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2006年第9期49卷 968-981页

作者： SUN Qianli1,2. ZHOU Jie1, SHEN Ji3. CHEN Peng1,2. WU Feng1,2.& XIE Xiuping1,2.1. State Key Lab of Loess and Quaternary geology, institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710075,{2. 2. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10003.,{2. 3. nanjing institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, nanjing 2.0008,{2. 1. State Key Lab of Loess and Quaternary geology Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi’an 710075 China 2. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China 3. nanjing institute of Geography and Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China

Climate proxies, such as total organic carbon and nitrogen (TOC, TN), carbonate content (CaCO3., grain-size and pollen of the sediment core retrieved from enclosed Lake Daihai which lies in the north china environment sensitive zone are analyzed to reconstruct the environment evolution of the area based on high-resolution radiocarbon chronology. The results reveal that the TOC and TN contents of the sediments correlate well with pollen percentage and pollen flux variations during the Holocene, and both reach their peak values simultaneously at 6.7―3.5 ka BP (calendar age, 7.6―3.6 ka BP). Since 6.7 ka BP, both the CaCO3.and organic matter contents of the core have simultaneous variations, and their high values also occur during 6.7―3.5 ka BP. While during 9.0―6.7 ka BP (calendar age, 10―7.6 ka BP) relatively lower level of organic matter content and pollen flux corre- spond to the higher level of carbonate content. The above relations suggest that during 6.7―3.5 ka BP, the productivity and effective precipitation were greatly improved in the lake drainage area, and this would probably strengthen the hydrodynamic conditions, enhancing organic matter, pollen and carbonate inputs from terrestrial sources. Such processes would account for the enrichment of both organic matter and carbonate in the sediments. While during 9.0―6.7 ka BP, the lower level of or- ganic matter, pollen flux but high carbonate content show depressed productivity and declined vege- tation coverage. The higher carbonate content at this stage would have probably resulted from the higher evaporation ratio of the lake water under relatively drier climate conditions. Therefore, it is in- ferred that during 6.7―3.5 ka BP, the climate was more humid with abundant rainfalls and vegetation was more flourishing in the Lake Daihai area. This can be seen as Holocene Climate Optimum (HCO). As a result, this has evident discrepancies with the traditional notion that the HCO occurs at Early Holocene or early Mid

关键词： Lake Daihai, Mid-Holocene, lacustrine sediments, environmental characteristics.

Geophysical survey on the tectonic and sediment distribution of Qinghai Lake basin

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Science china Earth Sciences 2006年第8期49卷 851-861页

作者： AN Zhisheng1, WANG Ping2. SHEN Ji3. ZHANG Yixiang2. ZHANG Peizhen4, WANG Sumin3. LI Xiaoqiang1, SUN Qianli1, SONG Yougui1, AI Li1, ZHANG Yechun2. JIANG {3.oren2. LIU Xingqi3.& WANG Yong3.. institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Xi’an 710075,{2. 2. South{2. Sea institute of Oceanology, CAS, Guangzhou 5103.1,{2. 3. nanjing institute of Geography and Limnology, CAS,{13.,{2. 4. institute of geology,{2. Earthquake Administration, Beijing 10002.,{2. 1. institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Xi’an 710075 China 2. South china Sea institute of Oceanology CAS Guangzhou 510301 China 3. nanjing institute of Geography and Limnology CAS Nanjing 210008 China 4. institute of geology China Earthquake Administration Beijing 100029 China

The intensive geophysical survey of Qinghai Lake reveals the buried depth of lake sediments and their distribution features. The result indicates that there are three important inter- phases of Qinghai Lake sediments: T1 is the rife interphase of the lake, above which sediments are spread all over the lake basin with roughly the same thickness; T5 is the interphase from which the neotectonic sedimentary cycle begins, and its above sedimentary environment is relatively stable; Tg is the base of the lake basin. Five west-northwest (WNW) fault belts defined the tectonic structure of Qinghai Lake basin: the central hunch around Haixin shan with two subbasins both in its north and south. The thickness of the lake sediments varies at different places, the thickest sediments are found within the two subbasins. According to the depth that the Sparker System can reach, sediment in the northern subbasin is deeper than 560 m, while sediment in the southern subbasin is deeper than 700 m. The correlation between the seismic sequence stratigraph and the lithology of onshore core shows that Qinghai Lake sediments consist of muddy silt, clay silt, silty clay, gravel silty clay, etc.

关键词： sediment, geophysical survey, Qinghai Lake.

Principal aspects of the Ordovician biotic radiation

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Science china Earth Sciences 2010年第3期53卷 382-394页

作者： ZHANG YuanDong,ZHAN RenBin,FAN JunXuan,CHENG JunFeng & LIU Xiao lps, nanjing {2. of {3. and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,{3., china 1. lps Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China

The Ordovician radiation is among the major bioevents in earth history that have drawn great attention from geologists all over the world, and there have been hundreds of publications treating various aspects of this radiation. The study of the event involves a broad spectrum of research fields and concerns many scientific questions. Many opinions and hypotheses have been proposed on the triggering and controlling factors of the radiation. Herein the authors critically review the study of the Ordovician radiation and dissect four principal aspects by synthesizing the studies over the past years: (1) relationships of the radiation to fossil clades, ecotypes, and environments, such as water depth, latitude, and climate; (2. the ecological structure and food webs of Ordovician marine organisms; (3. fossil records and true biodiversities; and (4) likely triggering and controlling factors of the Ordovician radiation. The authors also recommend approaches to furthering studies of these aspects.

关键词： Ordovician biotic radiation guild food web fossil record mechanism

Sorption behavior of U(VI), ^(2.4)U(VI) and ^(2.8)U(VI) onto fracture-filling clays in Beishan granite, Gansu: Application to selecting the site of high-level radwaste repository in{3.

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第10期48卷 1649-1655页

作者： MIN Maozhong1,2. LUO Xingzhang3. WANG Ju4, JIN Yuanxin4 & WANG Rucheng1 1. Department of Earth Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Mineral Deposit Research, nanjing University, nanjing 2.0093.{2. 2. Center of Materials Analysis, nanjing University, nanjing 2.0093.{2. 3. Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, nanjing University, nanjing 2.0093.{2. 4. Beijing geology institute, Nuclear Industry, Beijing 10002.,{2. Department of Earth Sciences State Key Laboratory of Mineral Deposit Research Nanjing University Nanjing China Center of Materials Analysis nanjing University nanjing{2. Department of Environmental Science and Engineering nanjing University nanjing{2. Beijing geology institute Nuclear Industry Beijing{2.

The first results of sorption experiments of U(VI), 2.4U(VI) and 2.8U(VI) onto original (unpurified) fracture-filling clays from No.1 monzonitic granite intrusion, Beishan area, Gansu Province,{3. are reported. The monzonitic granite intrusion is a potential location for a high-level radwaste (HLW) repository in{3.. The present experimental results show that the maximum U(VI) sorption reached 92. at near-neutral pH and the distribution coefficient (Kd) was 12.6 mL/g. A high sorption capacity of the fracture-filling clays in host rock on radioactive ele-ments is necessary for HLW deep geological disposal repository. No preferential sorption of 2.4U onto the clays was found. Finally, the sorption of U(VI) onto the clays was also modeled using a surface complexation model.

关键词： HLW geological disposal repository, granite, uranium, radionuclide, clay, sorption.

Whole fossil plants of Ephedra and their implications on the morphology,ecology and evolution of Ephedraceae (Gnetales)

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2010年第15期55卷 1511-1519页

作者： WANG Xin 1,2.& ZHENG shaoLin 3.1 nanjing {2. of geology and Palaeontology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,nanjing 2.0008,china 2.Fairy Lake Botanical Garden,Shenzhen 518004,china 3.Shenyang {2. of geology and Mineral Resources,Shenyang 11003.,china nanjing institute of {2. and Palaeontology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China Fairy Lake Botanical Garden Shenzhen 518004 China Shenyang institute of geology and Mineral Resources Shenyang 110034 China

Although there are many reports of fossil Ephedraceae,whole plant fossil record remains *** to a lack of trust on partially preserved fossil materials,scholars working on molecular clock proposed a recent origin of Ephedra and cast doubt on the earlier origin time of *** better the understanding on this interesting group,here we report whole plants of Ephedra hongtaoi ***.(Ephedraceae,Gnetales) from the Yixian Formation (Early Cretaceous) in western Liaoning,*** whole plants of Ephedra demonstrate clearly the characters of Ephedra,including shrubby growth habit,decussate branching pattern,and terminal ovuliferous unit with micropylar *** whole-plant preservation of the fossils provides more convincing fossil evidence of Early Cretaceous Ephedra,helps to resolve the controversy over the origin time of Ephedra,and sheds light on the whole plant morphology,growth habit,ecology and evolution of Ephedraceae.

关键词：化石植物生态学麻黄形态学进化材料保存早白垩世生长习性