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燃料化学学报 2021年第8期49卷 1057-1076页

作者： LEE Roh Pin seidl ludwig georg HUANG Qiu-liang MEYER Bernd Institute for Energy Process Engineering and Chemical Engineering TU Bergakademie FreibergGermany Fraunhofer IMWS Branch Lab“Circular Carbon Technologies” FreibergGermany State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion Institute of Coal ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesTaiyuanChina

气化是实现化学利用碳资源(尤其是煤)生产化学品和燃料的关键工艺。目前,全球拥有超过272套气化装置,主要应用于煤化工,尤其在中国。由于在一个化工厂通过技术集成达到工业规模的集中生产可实现减少二氧化碳排放并促进碳密集型行业的循... 详细信息

气化是实现化学利用碳资源(尤其是煤)生产化学品和燃料的关键工艺。目前,全球拥有超过272套气化装置,主要应用于煤化工,尤其在中国。由于在一个化工厂通过技术集成达到工业规模的集中生产可实现减少二氧化碳排放并促进碳密集型行业的循环经济,如废物管理、化学和交通行业,因此,近年来全球对垃圾气化的兴趣日益浓厚,尤其是那些在煤气化技术方面积累了丰富的人力资本和运营经验以及拥有完整Coal-to-X产品价值链的国家,如中国,在挖掘通过垃圾气化实现Waste-to-X的潜力方面处于独特的地位。具体而言,废弃物可用于补充煤气化生产如下产品:(1)具有较低或零碳足迹的化学品,具体取决于废物是来源于化石资源还是生物资源。(2)来自生物废弃物的零碳足迹的绿色“氢”,以补充或替代来自煤气化或蒸汽重整得到的“灰色”氢,以供给氢能汽车,并推动工业脱碳。(3)来自生物废弃物的CO_(2)中性合成液体燃料,用于交通工具,以补充或替代石油燃料和合成煤制液体燃料。然而,迄今为止,利用垃圾作为气化原料的操作经验有限,并且文献中也很少涉及以前和当前的工业垃圾气化经验。为了填补这些空白,本研究介绍了1980年代至2000年代德国的两项开创性技术发展—贝伦拉特(Berrenrath)和SVZ黑水泵(即Sekundärrohstoff-Verwertungszentrum:黑水泵二次原料回收中心),并分享了以下三种垃圾与煤共气化技术(即Waste&Coal-to-X)的相关认识和经验教训:固定床气化:鲁奇干法排渣技术以及BGL熔渣气化技术。流化床气化:高温温克勒(HTW-High Temperature Winkler)气化工艺。气流床气化:GSP(Gaskombinat Schwarze Pumpe),即西门子气化工艺。此外,本研究也总结了目前全球100%垃圾气化技术的发展,即Waste-to-X。在气化技术的三种类型中,研发领域和工业界均对流化床与气流床(作为后期气化)技术的结合产生了浓厚的兴趣,这里介绍三个相关技术的重大发展—Ebara-Ube、Enerkem和ThermoChem Recovery International的技术。除此之外,固定床气化工艺的发展也得到了关注,本文介绍了两个相关技术的重大发展—InEnTec(将固定床与等离子气化相结合)和Sierra Energy(改造传统高炉转炉进行垃圾气化)的技术。借鉴以往和当前的国际发展经验,凭借其庞大的气化规模和丰富的专业知识,逐步将垃圾作为原料融入到煤气化中可以作为中国迈向循环经济和无废城市的第一步。将垃圾与煤共气化技术作为通向垃圾气化的桥梁,不仅可以使中国利用现有的人力资本和基础设施,还可以创造新的就业和商业机会,并支持中国实现可持续的垃圾管理策略,即在进行焚烧和填埋之前先进行减量、再利用和再循环。然而,将煤气化技术直接用于垃圾气化具有挑战性并且充满了较大的风险。本研究分享了贝伦拉特和SVZ黑水泵在垃圾与煤共气化方面遇到的各种运行问题以及从中得到的最新认识。然后介绍了这些积累的经验及认识是如何被考虑并应用到德国弗莱贝格工业大学的能源化工所开发的Flexi技术当中,包括:基于BGL熔渣气化技术开发FlexiSlag固定床气化技术。基于GSP气化技术开发FlexiEntrained气流床气化技术。基于HTW气化技术开发FlexiCOORVED气化技术。目前,Flexi技术在德国弗莱贝格开展中试规模运行,其目标是实现:(1)多元原料气化(例如生物质、煤、石油焦、不同类型的废物);(2)100%垃圾气化;(3)灵活的目标产品(即调整配置得到最大化的合成气产出,其中可含有最大化或最小化的甲烷、焦油和油的含量)以支持全球向碳中和和无废城市转型。鉴于全球(包括中国)实现无废城市和碳中和的目标,垃圾气化技术的长远发展不仅要向100%垃圾气化发展,还必须满足以下可持续性标准才能做出实质性的贡献:(1)多元进料,能够灵活利用多种类型的(废物)原料。(2)碳回收率最大化,以确保垃圾中的碳转移到产品中,而不是在整个过程链中以CO_(2)的形式排放到环境中。(3)通过生产玻璃渣、从渣中回收金属和零废水排放,将环境影响降至最低。本研究最后根据上述三个可持续性标准对三种气化类型进行了定性的整体评价,阐述了它们在垃圾气化应用中的优势和劣势。

关键词：煤气化垃圾气化碳中和无废城市中国

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C-reactive protein is a prognostic indicator in patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第34期12卷 5495-5500页

作者： Thomas Gerhardt Sabine Milz Michael Schepke georg Feldmann Martin Wolff Tilman Sauerbruch Franz ludwig Dumoulin Department of Internal Medicine I University Hospital Bonn Germany Department of Surgery University Hospital Bonn Germany

AIM： To evaluate prognostic indicators for the outcome of patients with perihilar extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in an unselected cohort. METHODS： We retrospectively analyzed 98 patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. Twenty-three patients （23.5%） underwent tumor resection. Patients with non-resectable tumors underwent either transpapillary or percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage. Additionally, 32 patients （32.7%） received photodynamic therapy （PDT） and 18 patients （18.4%） systemic chemotherapy. Predefined variables at the time of diagnosis and characteristics considering the mode of treatment were entered into a Cox＇s proportional hazards model. Included in the analysis were age, tumor stage following the modified Bismuth-Corlette classification, bilirubin, prothrombin time （PT）, C-reactive protein （CRP）, carbohydrate antigen 19-9 （CA19-9）, history of weight loss, surgical resection, chemotherapy and PDT. RESULTS： The Kaplan-Meier estimate of overall median survival was 10.5 （95%CI： 8.4-12.6） mo. In the univariate analysis, low Bismuth stage, low CRP and surgical resection correlated significantly with better survival. In the multivariate analysis, only CRP （P = 0.005） and surgical resection （P = 0.029） were found to be independently predictive of survival in the cohort. Receiver operating characteristic （ROC） analysis identified a CRP level of 11.75 mg/L as the value associated with the highest sensitivity and specificity predicting a survival 〉 5 too. Applying Kaplan-Meier analysis, patients with a CRP 〈 12 mg/L at the time of diagnosis had a significantly longer median survival than patients with higher values （16.2 vs 7.6 mo; P = 0.009）.CONCLUSION： This retrospective analysis identified CRP level at the time of diagnosis as a novel indicator for the prognosis of patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. It should be evaluated in future prospective trials on this entity.

关键词： Perihilar cholangiocarcinoma Prognosticfactors C-reactive protein Resection Outcome

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Non-linear affine processes with jumps

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Probability, Uncertainty and Quantitative Risk 2023年第2期8卷 235-266页

作者： Francesca Biagini georg Bollweg Katharina Oberpriller Workgroup Financial and Insurance Mathematics Department of MathematicsLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenTheresienstrasse 3980333 MunichGermany University of Freiburg Ernst-Zermelo-Strasse 179104 FreiburgGermany

We present a probabilistic construction of R^(d)-valued non-linear affine processes with *** a setΘof affine parameters,we define a family of sublinear expectations on the Skorokhod space under which the canonical process X is a(sublinear)Markov process with a non-linear *** yields a tractable model for Knightian uncertainty for which the sublinear expectation of a Markovian functional can be calculated via a partial integro-differential equation.

关键词： Sublinear expectation Non-linear affine processes Dynamic programming PIDE

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Rare co-occurrence of osteogenesis imperfecta type Ⅰ and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2016年第4期12卷 501-503页

作者： Julia Hoefele Karin Mayer Christoph Marschall Martin Alberer Hanns-georg Klein Martin Kirschstein Center for Human Genetics and Laboratory Diagnostics Dr.Klein Dr.Rost and ColleaguesMartinsriedGermany Institute of Human Genetics Technische Universitat MünchenMunichGermany Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Ludwig-Maximilians UniversityMunichGermany Department of Pediatrics General HospitalCelleGermany

Background:There are several clinical reports about the co-occurrence of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease(ADPKD)and connective tissue disorders.A simultaneous occurrence of osteogenesis imperfecta(OI)type I and ADPKD has not been observed so ***:This report presents the first patient with OI type I and ***:Mutational analysis of PKD1 and COL1A1 in the index patient revealed a heterozygous mutation in each of the two *** analysis of the parents indicated the mother as a carrier of the PKD1 mutation and the father as a carrier of the COL1A1 *** simultaneous occurrence of both disorders has an estimated frequency of 3.5:***:In singular cases,ADPKD can occur in combination with other rare disorders,*** tissue disorders.

关键词： kidney disease osteogenesis imperfecta polycystic kidney

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Research and developments of laser assisted methods for translation into clinical application

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Frontiers of Optoelectronics 2017年第3期10卷 239-254页

作者： Ronald SROKA Nikolas DOMINIK Max EISEL Anna ESIPOVA Christian FREYMULLER Christian HECKL georg HENNIG Christian HOMANN Nicolas HOEHNE Robert KAMMERER Thomas KELLERER Alexander LANG Niklas MARKWARDT Heike POHLA Thomas PONGRATZ Claus-georg SCHMEDT Herbert STEPP Stephan STROBL Keerthanan ULAGANATHAN Wolfgang ZIMMERMANN Adrian RUEHM Laser-Forschungslabor LIFE-Center Hospital of University Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich Munich Germany Department of Urology Hospital of University Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich Munich Germany Department of Vascular Surgery Diakonie Klinikum Schwaibisch Hall Germany Labor fur Tumorimmunologie LIFE-Center Hospital of University Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich Munich Germany Friedrich-Loeftter-Institute Federal Research Institute for Animal-Health Greifswald- Insel Riems Germany

Biophotonics and laser medicine are very dynamic and continuously increasing fields ecologically as well as economically. Direct communication with medical doctors is necessary to identify specific requests and unmet needs. Information on innovative, new or renewed techniques is necessary to design medical devices for introduction into clinical application and finally to become established after positive clinical trials as well as medical approval. The long-term endurance in developing light based innovative clinical concepts and devices are described based on the Munich experience. Fluorescence technologies for laboratory medicine to improve non- invasive diagnosis or for online monitoring are described according with new approaches in improving photody- namic therapeutic aspects related to immunology. Regard- ing clinically related thermal laser applications, the introduction of new laser wavelengths and laser parameters showed potential in the treatment of varicose veins as well as in lithotripsy. Such directly linked research and development are possible when researchers and medical doctors perform their daily work in immediate vicinity, thus have the possibility to share their ideas in meetings by day.

关键词： translational biophotonics thermal laser appli-cation fluorescence diagnosis on-line monitoring litho-tripsy phlebology photodynamic therapy (PDT),laboratory medicine

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MCMV-based vaccine vectors expressing full-length viral proteins provide long-term humoral immune protection upon a single-shot vaccination

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2022年第2期19卷 234-244页

作者： Yeonsu Kim Xiaoyan Zheng Kathrin Eschke M.Zeeshan Chaudhry Federico Bertoglio Adriana Tomić Astrid Krmpotić Markus Hoffmann Yotam Bar-On Julia Boehme Dunja Bruder Thomas Ebensen Linda Brunotte Stephan ludwig Martin Messerle Carlos Guzman Ofer Mandelboim Michael Hust Stefan Pöhlmann Stipan Jonjić LukaČičin-Šain Department of Viral Immunology Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research(HZI)BraunschweigGermany Department of Biotechnology Institut für BiochemieBiotechnologie und BioinformatikTechnischen Universität BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany Oxford Vaccine Group University of OxfordOxfordUK Center for Proteomics University of RijekaFaculty of MedicineRijekaCroatia Infection Biology Unit German Primate CenterGöttingenGermany Faculty of Biology and Psychology Georg-August-University GöttingenGöttingenGermany Department of Immunology Rappaport Faculty of MedicineTechnion-Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifaIsrael Infection Immunology Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital HygieneHealth Campus ImmunologyInfectiology and InflammationOtto-von-Guericke-University MagdeburgMagdeburgGermanyImmune RegulationHelmholtz Centre for Infection ResearchBraunschweigGermany Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology Helmholtz Centre for Infection ResearchBraunschweigGermany Institute of Virology Medical University MünsterMünsterGermany Institute of Virology Hannover Medical School(MHH)HannoverGermany German Centre for Infection Research(DZIF) Hannover-Braunschweig SiteHannoverGermany Centre for Individualized Infection medicine(CiiM) a joint venture of HZI and MHHHannoverGermany

Global pandemics caused by influenza or coronaviruses cause severe disruptions to public health and lead to high morbidity and *** remains a medical need for vaccines against these ***(cytomegalovirus)is aβ-herpesvirus that induces uniquely robust immune responses in which remarkably large populations of antigen-specific CD8+T cells are maintained for a ***,CMV has been proposed and investigated as a novel vaccine vector for expressing antigenic peptides or proteins to elicit protective cellular immune responses against numerous *** generated two recombinant murine CMV(MCMV)vaccine vectors expressing hemagglutinin(HA)of influenza A virus(MCMV^(HA))or the spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(MCMV^(S)).A single injection of MCMVs expressing either viral protein induced potent neutralizing antibody responses,which strengthened over ***,MCMV^(HA)-vaccinated mice were protected from illness following challenge with the influenza virus,and we excluded that this protection was due to the effects of memory T ***,we show here that MCMV vectors induce not only long-term cellular immunity but also humoral responses that provide long-term immune protection against clinically relevant respiratory pathogens.

关键词： Vaccine vector SARS-CoV-2 Influenza Cytomegalovirus humoral imunity

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