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Windtunnel studies of surface shear stress vector distribution measurement using shear sensitive liquid crystal coatings

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2011年第10期54卷 2730-2734页

作者： ZHAO JiSong scholz peter GU LiangXian School of Astronautics Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 China Institute of Fluid Mechanics TU Braunschweig Braunschweig 38106 Germany

Shear sensitive liquid crystal coating (SSLCC) can measure surface shear stress vector distribution efficiently with a high spa-tial resolution. The purpose of the present paper is to modify and extend the surface shear stress measurement technique de-termined by Reda et al. to wind tunnel studies. All the facilities employed in the technique are very common and simple. The measurement technique is applied to surface flow beneath a tangential jet and surface flow in a turbulence wedge generated by a small cylinder in windtunnel flow. Spatially resolved shear stresses over planar surface are obtained, although the magnitude is not fully calibrated.

关键词： shear sensitive liquid crystal surface shear stress measurement tangential jet flow turbulence wedge

Color change characteristics of two shear-sensitive liquid crystal mixtures (BCN/192, BN/R50C) and their application in surface shear stress measurements

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2011年第27期56卷 2897-2905页

作者： ZHAO JiSong scholz peter GU LiangXian School of Astronautics Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 China Institute of Fluid Mechanics TU Braunschweig Braunschweig 38106 Germany

A previously determined surface shear stress measurement technique using shear-sensitive liquid crystal (SSLC) coating is extended for use in wind tunnel-like conditions. Simple and common everyday equipment is used in the measurement; in particular a tungsten halogen light bulb provides illumination. The color change characteristics of two SSLC mixtures, BCN192 and BN/ R50C, are investigated. BCN/192 is found sensitive to both magnitude and direction of the shear stress at different shear stress levels with little noise, and is suitable for surface shear stress distribution measurements. The spatial shear stress vector distribution beneath a tangential jet is obtained using BCN/192, although the magnitude is not fully calibrated. BN/R50C is found to be sensitive to shear stress magnitude, but only slightly sensitive to shear stress direction at both low and high levels. Moreover, jumps in the reflected hue are found when the viewing orientation is perpendicular to the shear stress direction. These characteristics render the use of BN/R50C for surface shear stress measurement difficult.

关键词：应力敏感应力测量剪切应力颜色变化混合物表面液晶特征

Process Design for Hybrid Sheet Metal Components

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2015年第12期28卷 1518-1524页

作者： Rico Haase Roland Müller Dirk Landgrebe peter scholz Matthias Riemer Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU

The global trends towards improving fuel efficiency and reducing CO;emissions are the key drivers for lightweight solutions. In sheet metal processing, this can be achieved by the use of materials with a supreme strength-toweight and stiffness-to-weight ratio. Besides monolithic materials such as high-strength or light metals, in particular metal–plastic composite sheets are able to provide outstanding mechanical properties. Thus, the adaption of conventional, wellestablished forming methods for the processing of hybrid sheet metals is a current challenge for the sheet metal working industry. In this work, the planning phase for a conventional sheet metal forming process is studied aiming at the forming of metal–plastic composite sheets. The single process steps like material characterization, FE analysis, tool design and development of robust process parameters are studied in detail and adapted to the specific properties of metal–plastic composites. In material characterization, the model of the hybrid laminate needs to represent not only the mechanical properties of the individual combined materials, but also needs to reflect the behaviour of the interface zone between *** on experience, there is a strong dependency on temperature as well as strain rate. While monolithic materials show a moderate anisotropic behaviour, loads on laminates in different directions generate different strain states and completely different failure modes. During the FE analysis, thermo-mechanic and thermo-dynamic effects influence the temperature distribution within tool and work pieces and subsequently the forming behaviour. During try out and production phase,those additional influencing factors are limiting the process window even more and therefore need to be considered for the design of a robust forming process. A roadmap for sheet metal forming adjusted to metal–plastic composites is presented in this paper.

关键词： Characterization Hybrids Interface Layered structures Processing Sheet forming

Oxidized organic molecules in the tropical free troposphere over Amazonia

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National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 174-184页

作者： Qiaozhi Zha Diego Aliaga Radovan Krejci Victoria A.Sinclair Cheng Wu Giancarlo Ciarelli Wiebke scholz Liine Heikkinen Eva Partoll Yvette Gramlich Wei Huang Markus Leiminger Joonas Enroth Otso Per?kyl? Runlong Cai Xuemeng Chen Alkuin Maximilian Koenig Fernando Velarde Isabel Moreno Tuukka Pet?j? Paulo Artaxo Paolo Laj Armin Hansel Samara Carbone Markku Kulmala Marcos Andrade Douglas Worsnop Claudia Mohr Federico Bianchi Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics University of Helsinki Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences Nanjing University Department of Environmental Science & Bolin Centre for Climate Research Stockholm University Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology University of Gothenburg Institute for Ion and Applied Physics University of Innsbruck Ionicon Analytik GmbH Laboratory for Atmospheric Physics Institute for Physics Research Universidad Mayor de San Andrés Institute of Physics University of Sao Paulo Institute for Geosciences and Environmental Research (IGE) University of Grenoble Alpes Agrarian Sciences Institute Federal University of Uberl?ndia Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences University of Maryland Aerodyne Research Inc. Department of Environmental System Science ETH Zürich Switzerland and Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry Paul Scherrer Institute

New particle formation(NPF) in the tropical free troposphere(FT) is a globally important source of cloud condensation nuclei, affecting cloud properties and climate. Oxidized organic molecules(OOMs)produced from biogenic volatile organic compounds are believed to contribute to aerosol formation in the tropical FT, but without direct chemical observations. We performed in situ molecular-level OOMs measurements at the Bolivian station Chacaltaya at 5240 m above sea level, on the western edge of Amazonia. For the first time, we demonstrate the presence of OOMs, mainly with 4–5 carbon atoms, in both gas-phase and particle-phase(in terms of mass contribution) measurements in tropical FT air from Amazonia. These observations, combined with air mass history analyses, indicate that the observed OOMs are linked to isoprene emitted from the rainforests hundreds of kilometers away. Based on particle-phase measurements, we find that these compounds can contribute to NPF, at least the growth of newly formed nanoparticles, in the tropical FT on a continental scale. Thus, our study is a fundamental and significant step in understanding the aerosol formation process in the tropical FT.

关键词： oxidized organic molecules tropical aerosol formation Amazon free troposphere

First genome-wide association study of 99 body measures derived from 3-dimensional body scans

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Genes & Diseases 2022年第3期9卷 777-788页

作者： Andreas Kuhnapfel peter Ahnert Katrin Horn Holger Kirsten Markus Loeffler Markus scholz Institute for Medical Informatics Statistics and Epidemiology(IMISE)Medical FacultyLeipzig UniversityHartelstrafte 16-18Leipzig 04107Germany LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases Medical FacultyLeipzig UniversityPhilipp-Rosenthal-Strafie 27Leipzig 04103Germany Integrated Research and Treatment Center(IFB) Adiposity DiseasesUniversity Medical CenterLeipzig UniversityPhilipp-Rosenthal-Strafle 27Leipzig 04103Germany

Body height,body mass index,hip and waist circumference are important risk factors or outcome variables in clinical and epidemiological research with complex underlying ***,these classical anthropometric traits represent only a very limited view on the human body and other traits with potentially higher functional specificity are not yet studied to a larger *** of LIFE-Adult were assessed by three-dimensional body scanner VITUS XXL determining 99 high-quality anthropometric traits in *** was performed by Axiom Genome-Wide CEU 1 Array Plate microarray technology and imputation was done using 1000 Genomes phase 3 reference *** phenotype and genetic information are available for a total of 7,562 *** heritabilities were estimated for height traits(maximum heritability with h2=44%for neck height)and 61 traits achieved values larger than 20%.By genome-wide analyses,we identified 16 loci associated with at least one of the 99 *** of these loci were not described for association with classical anthropometric traits so *** strongest novel association was observed for 7p14.3(rs11979006,P=2.12×10^(-9))for the trait Back Width with ZNRF2 as the most plausible candidate *** established for association with classical anthropometric traits were subjected to anthropometric phenome-wide association *** the reported 709 loci,211 *** with body scanner traits(enrichment:OR=1.96,P=1.08×10^(-61)).We conclude that genetics of 3D laser-based anthropometry is promising to identify novel loci and to improve the functional understanding of established ones.

关键词： 3D-anthropometry Genetic correlation GWAS Heritability PheWAS

Classification of different sustainable flood retention basin types

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第6期22卷 898-903页

作者： Michelle Robinson Miklas scholz Nicolas Bastien Jennifer Carfrae Scottish Agricultural College Peter Wilson Building Institute for Infrastructure and Environment School of EngineeringThe University of EdinburghWilliam Rankine Building School of Built Environment Heriot-Watt University

Using a revised version of a previously published expert classification system, a database of potential Sustainable Flood Retention Basins has been developed for Scotland. The research shows that the majority of small and former （often old） drinking water reservoirs are kept full and their spillways are continuously in operation. Utilising some of the available capacity to contribute to flood control could significantly reduce the costs of complying with the European Union Flood Directive. Furthermore, the application of a previously developed classification model for Baden in Germany for the Scottish data set showed a lower diversity for basins in Scotland due to less developed infrastructure. The classification system appears to be robust and has the potential, with minor modifications, to be applied across Europe. The principle value of this approach is a clear and unambiguous categorisation, based on standard variables, which can help to promote communication and understanding between stakeholders.

关键词： classification system diffuse pollution control principal component analysis runoff control sustainable flood retention basin

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战后西德现代设计与救赎的矛盾

国际社会科学杂志（中文版） 2024年第2期41卷 128-142,7,11,12页

作者：娜塔莉·肖尔茨张弛(译) 董耀威(译) 阿姆斯特丹大学历史系不详

历史研究强调,现代设计后来成功地被塑造成一种文化产品,将西德从纳粹的过去中拯救出来。然而,如果人们通过关注各种出版物中的沉默、遗漏和差异来承认第二次世界大战后话语中的否认结构,那么1945年之前和之后现代设计的政治意义之间的... 详细信息

历史研究强调,现代设计后来成功地被塑造成一种文化产品,将西德从纳粹的过去中拯救出来。然而,如果人们通过关注各种出版物中的沉默、遗漏和差异来承认第二次世界大战后话语中的否认结构,那么1945年之前和之后现代设计的政治意义之间的这种救赎性对立就显得不那么明确了。这样的分析揭示了现代设计作为“永恒”的编码以及它在“马歇尔计划”背景下的推广,是如何模糊任何关于日常美学的基本概念与德国人民的种族观念交织在一起的历史理解。

关键词：道德范畴包豪斯启蒙思想启蒙运动

Getting to the bottom of Taxol biosynthesis by fungi

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Fungal Diversity 2013年第3期60卷 161-170页

作者： Uwe Heinig Susanne scholz Stefan Jennewein Fraunhofer Institut für Molekularbiologie und AngewandteÖkologie Forckenbeckstrasse 652074 AachenGermany

t Taxol(paclitaxel)is a highly-oxygenated diterpenoid natural product first isolated from the pacific yew tree(Taxus brevifolia).It is one of the most widely used anticancer *** after the discovery of its unique mode of action and the resulting high demand,an extensive search was initiated for alternative sources to replace the slow-growing and scarce pacific *** far,however,Taxol and related compounds have only been found in the genus Taxus,which comprises a small number of slow-growing plants with a broad but generally isolated geographical *** 1993,Stierle and colleagues reported the independent biosynthesis of Taxol in an endophytic fungus isolated from Taxus brevifolia,which resulted in more than 160 subsequent publications and patents addressing the biosynthesis of Taxol and related taxanes by *** literature on fungal taxane synthesis contains numerous inconsistencies,prompting us to thoroughly re-examine Taxol biosynthesis in endophytic fungi associated with Taxus *** a combination of phytochemistry,molecular biology and genome sequencing,we were unable to find any evidence for independent taxane biosynthesis in any of the endophytes,including the isolate described in the original publication(Taxomyces andreanae)and several more recent isolates from Taxus *** findings therefore resolve a long-standing mystery concerning the evolution of a complex terpenoid biosynthetic pathway in two distantly-related organisms.

关键词： Taxol biosynthesis Endophytic fungi Taxanes Terpene biosynthesis Taxomyces andreanae

Temporal evolution of contacts and communities in networks of face-to-face human interactions

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2014年第3期57卷 29-45页

作者： Mark KIBANOV Martin ATZMUELLER Christoph scholz Gerd STUMME Knowledge and Data Engineering Group University of KasselWilhelmshher Allee 73Kassel D-34121Germany

Temporal dynamics of social interaction networks as well as the analysis of communities are key aspects to gain a better understanding of the involved processes,important influence factors,their efects,and their structural *** this article,we analyze temporal dynamics of contacts and the evolution of communities in networks of face-to-face *** our application context,we consider four scientific *** a structural level,we focus on static and dynamic properties of the contact ***,we analyze the resulting community structure using state-of-the-art automatic community detection ***,we analyze the evolution of contacts and communities over time to consider the stability of the respective ***,we assess diferent factors which have an influence on the quality of community ***,we provide first important insights into the evolution of contacts and communities in face-to-face contact networks.

关键词： social network analysis community detection face-to-face contact networks temporal networks community stability