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Touristic urbanization and greening of coastal dune fields:A long-term assessment of a temperate sandy barrier of Argentina

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Journal of Geographical sciences 2025年第1期35卷 206-230页

作者： GARZO Pedro Andrés DADON JoséRoberto IsLA Federico Ignacio Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras(IIMyC-CONICET/UNMDP) Av.Juan B.Justo 2550Mar del Plata7600Buenos AiresArgentina Instituto de Geología de Costas y del Cuaternario Dr.Enrique J.schnack(IGCC-CIC/UNMDP) Funes 3350Mar del Plata7600Buenos AiresArgentina Facultad de Arquitectura Diseño y UrbanismoCentro de Investigaciones Gestión de Espacios Costeros(GEC-FADU/UBA)Universidad de Buenos AiresIntendente Güiraldes 2160Pabellón ⅢPiso 4Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires1428Argentina Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET) Buenos AiresArgentina

Dune barrier systems represent highly sought-after coastal landscapes for tourism and urban development around the ***,a century ago,they were considered hazardous environments due to their great dynamic *** a result,stabilization practices were considered *** systematic introduction of fast-growing exotic trees helped stabilize the sand,making it easier for tourism urbanization to take place,but also leading to erosion *** paper aims to assess long-term changes in vegetation cover over a large temperate barrier in *** complex region includes urban resorts,afforestation zones,and protected areas.A GIs-based geospatial analysis was conducted using a large satellite database(>350 images),and the future evolution of the vegetation was *** results revealed two primary spatiotemporal patterns associated with a gradual expansion of vegetation cover,accompanied by a concurrent reduction in sandy *** 1986,the dune area comprised 75%more surface than vegetation,whereas in 2021,it represented 60%less than ***,the 2050 scenario suggests a potential 40%reduction of dunes in certain *** is necessary to enhance management actions aimed at maintaining dune mobility and ensuring local and regional sediment ***-term management strategies must focus on restoring native plant communities and controlling invasive species,and avoiding new dune fixation initiatives based on the introduction of exotic species.

关键词： nature reserves afforestation sediment balance dune management NDVI

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Cellulose Elementary Fibrils as Deagglomerated Binder for High-Mass-Loading Lithium Battery Electrodes

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第5期17卷 281-296页

作者： Young-Kuk Hong Jung-Hui Kim Nag-Young Kim Kyeong-seok oh Hong-I Kim seokhyeon Ryu Yumi Ko Ji-Young Kim Kwon-Hyung Lee sang-Young Lee Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Yonsei University50 Yonsei-RoSeodaemun-GuSeoul 03722Republic of Korea Advanced Analysis and Data Center Korea Institute of Science and Technology(KIST)Seoul 02792Republic of Korea Ulsan Advanced Energy Technology R&D Center Korea Institute of Energy Research(KIER)Ulsan 44776Republic of Korea Department of Battery Engineering Yonsei University50 Yonsei-RoSeodaemun-GuSeoul 03722Republic of Korea

Amidst the ever-growing interest in high-mass-loading Li battery electrodes,a persistent challenge has been the insufficient continuity of their ion/electron conduction ***,we propose cellulose elementary fibrils(CEFs)as a class of deagglomerated binder for high-mass-loading *** from natural wood,CEF represents the most fundamental unit of cellulose with nanoscale *** preparation of the CEFs involves the modulation of intermolecular hydrogen bonding by the treatment with a proton acceptor and a hydrotropic *** elementary deagglomeration of the cellulose fibers increases surface area and anionic charge density,thus promoting uniform dispersion with carbon conductive additives and suppressing interfacial side reactions at ***,a homogeneous redox reaction is achieved throughout the *** resulting CEF-based cathode(overlithiated layered oxide(OLO)is chosen as a benchmark electrode active material)exhibits a high areal-mass-loading(50 mg cm^(-2),equivalent to an areal capacity of 12.5 mAh cm^(-2))and a high specific energy density(445.4 Wh kg–1)of a cell,which far exceeds those of previously reported OLO *** study highlights the viability of the deagglomerated binder in enabling sustainable high-mass-loading electrodes that are difficult to achieve with conventional synthetic polymer binders.

关键词： Cellulose elementary fibrils Deagglomeration Electrode binders Lithium batteries High-mass-loading

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In-situ production of ozone and ultraviolet light using a barrier discharge reactor for wastewater treatment

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Journal of Zhejiang University-science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2009年第9期10卷 1359-1366页

作者： Jin-oh JO Y.s.MOK Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Jeju National University

A dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor consisting of water-filled dielectric tube electrodes was used for the treatment of wastewater. The inner dielectric tube, which acted as the discharging electrode, was filled with an aqueous electrolyte solution. The outer dielectric tube, which served as the other electrode, was in contact with the wastewater, which was grounded. The present reactor system was energy-efficient for the production of ozone, not only because the perfect contact between the aqueous electrode and the dielectric surface minimized the loss of the electrical energy, but also because the DBD reactor was cooled by the wastewater. In addition, the ultraviolet (UV) light produced in the DBD reactor was able to assist in the wastewater treatment since the quartz tube used as the dielectric material was UV-transparent. The performance of the present DBD system was evaluated using a synthetic wastewater formed from distilled water and an azo dye, amaranth. The experimental parameters were the concentration of the electrolyte in the aqueous electrode, the discharge power, the initial pH of the wastewater and the concentration of hydrogen peroxide added to the wastewater. The wastewater treatment system was found to be effective for achieving decomposition of the dye.

关键词： Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) Aqueous electrode Ozone Ultraviolet (UV) Wastewater

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Methods for a blind analysis of isobar data collected by the sTAR collaboration

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Nuclear science and Techniques 2021年第5期32卷 43-50页

作者： J.Adam L.Adamczyk J.R.Adams J.K.Adkins G.Agakishiev M.M.Aggarwal Z.Ahammed I.Alekseev D.M.Anderson A.Aparin E.C.Aschenauer M.U.Ashraf F.G.Atetalla A.Attri G.s.Averichev V.Bairathi K.Barish A.Behera R.Bellwied A.Bhasin J.Bielcik J.Bielcikova L.C.Bland I.G.Bordyuzhin J.D.Brandenburg A.V.Brandin J.Butterworth H.Caines M.Calderon de la Barca sanchez D.Cebra I.Chakaberia P.Chaloupka B.K.Chan F-H.Chang Z.Chang N.Chankova-Bunzarova A.Chatterjee D.Chen J.Chen J.H.Chen X.Chen Z.Chen J.Cheng M.Cherney M.Chevalier s.Choudhury W.Christie X.Chu H.J.Crawford M.Csanad M.Daugherity T.G.Dedovich I.M.Deppner A.A.Derevschikov L.Didenko X.Dong J.L.Drachenberg J.C.Dunlop T.Edmonds N.Elsey J.Engelage G.Eppley s.Esumi O.Evdokimov A.Ewigleben O.Eyser R.Fatemi s.Fazio P.Federic J.Fedorisin C.J.Feng Y.Feng P.Filip E.Finch Y.Fisyak A.Francisco L.Fulek C.A.Gagliardi T.Galatyuk F.Geurts A.Gibson K.Gopal X.Gou D.Grosnick W.Guryn A.I.Hamad A.Hamed s.Harabasz J.W.Harris s.He W.He X.H.He Y.He s.Heppelmann s.Heppelmann N.Herrmann E.Hoffman L.Holub Y.Hong s.Horvat Y.Hu H.Z.Huang s.L.Huang T.Huang X.Huang T.J.Humanic P.Huo G.Igo D.Isenhower W.W.Jacobs C.Jena A.Jentsch Y.Ji J.Jia K.Jiang s.Jowzaee X.Ju E.G.Judd s.Kabana M.L.Kabir s.Kagamaster D.Kalinkin K.Kang D.Kapukchyan K.Kauder H.W.Ke D.Keane A.Kechechyan M.Kelsey Y.V.Khyzhniak D.P.Kikoła C.Kim B.Kimelman D.Kincses T.A.Kinghorn I.Kisel A.Kiselev M.Kocan L.Kochenda L.K.Kosarzewski L.Kramarik P.Kravtsov K.Krueger N.Kulathunga Mudiyanselage L.Kumar s.Kumar R.Kunnawalkam Elayavalli J.H.Kwasizur R.Lacey s.Lan J.M.Landgraf J.Lauret A.Lebedev R.Lednicky J.H.Lee Y.H.Leung C.Li C.Li W.Li W.Li X.Li Y.Li Y.Liang R.Licenik T.Lin Y.Lin M.A.Lisa F.Liu H.Liu P.Liu P.Liu T.Liu X.Liu Y.Liu Z.Liu T.Ljubicic W.J.Llope R.s.Longacre N.s.Lukow s.Luo X.Luo G.L.Ma L.Ma R.Ma Y.G.Ma N.Magdy R.Majka D.Mallick s.Margetis C.Markert H.s.Matis J.A.Mazer N.G.Minaev s.Mioduszewski B.Mohanty I.Mooney Z.Moravcova D.A.Morozov M.Nagy J.D.Nam Md.Nasim K.Nayak D.Neff J.M.Nelson D.B.Nemes M.Nie G.Nigmatkulov T.Niida L.V.Nogach T.Nonak Christian University AbileneTX 796992 AGH University of science and Technology FPACSCracow 30-059Poland Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC"Kurchatov Institute" MoscowRussia 117218 Argonne National Laboratory ArgonneIL 60439 American University of Cairo New CairoNew Cairo 11835Egypt Brookhaven National Laboratory UptonNY 11973 University of California BerkeleyCA 94720 University of California DavisCA 95616 University of California Los AngelesCA 90095 University of California RiversideCA 92521 Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 University of Illinois at Chicago ChicagoIL 60607 Creighton University OmahaNE 68178 Czech Technical University in Prague FNSPEPrague 11519Czech Republic Technische Universitat Darmstadt Darmstadt 64289Germany ELTE Eotvos Lorand University Budapest 1117Hungary Frankfurt Institute for Advanced studies FIAs Frankfurt 60438Germany Fudan University Shanghai 200433 University of Heidelberg 69120 HeidelbergGermany University of Houston HoustonTX 77204 Huzhou University Huzhou 313000 Indian Institute of science Education and Research(IIsER) Berhampur 760010India Indian Institute of science Education and Research(IIsER)Tirupati Tirupati 517507India Indian Institute Technology PatnaBihar 801106India Indiana University BloomingtonIN 47408 Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000 University of Jammu Jammu 180001India Joint Institute for Nuclear Research DubnaRussia 141980 Kent state University KentOH 44242 University of Kentucky LexingtonKY 40506-0055 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA 94720 Lehigh University BethlehemPA 18015 Max-Planck-Institut fur Physik 80805 MunichGermany Michigan state University East LansingMI 48824 National Research Nuclear University MEPhI MoscowRussia 115409 National Institute of science Education and Research HBNIJatni 752050India National Cheng Kung University Tainan 70101 Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAs Rez 25068Czech Republic ohio state University

In 2018,the sTAR collaboration collected data from^(96)_(44)Ru+^(96)_(44)Ru and^(96)_(40)Zr+^(96)_(40)Zr at√^(s)NN=200 Ge V to search for the presence of the chiral magnetic effect in collisions of *** isobar collision species alternated frequently between 9644 Ru+^(96)_(44)Ru and^(96)_(40)Zr+^(96)_(40)*** order to conduct blind analyses of studies related to the chiral magnetic effect in these isobar data,sTAR developed a three-step blind analysis *** are initially provided a"reference sample"of data,comprised of a mix of events from the two species,the order of which respects time-dependent changes in run *** tuning analysis codes and performing time-dependent quality assurance on the reference sample,analysts are provided a species-blind sample suitable for calculating efficiencies and corrections for individual≈30-min data-taking *** this sample,species-specific information is disguised,but individual output files contain data from a single isobar *** run-by-run corrections and code alteration subsequent to these corrections are allowed at this *** these modifications,the"frozen"code is passed over the fully un-blind data,completing the blind *** a check of the feasibility of the blind analysis procedure,analysts completed a"mock data challenge,"analyzing data from Au+Au collisions at√^(s)NN=27 Ge V,collected in *** Au+Au data were prepared in the same manner intended for the isobar blind *** details of the blind analysis procedure and results from the mock data challenge are presented.

关键词： Blind analysis Chiral magnetic effect Heavy-ion collisions

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semantic segmentation of Lumbar Vertebrae Using Meijering U-Net(MU-Net)on spine Magnetic Resonance Images

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & sciences 2025年第1期142卷 733-757页

作者： Lakshmi s V V shiloah Elizabeth Darmanayagam sunil Retmin Raj Cyril Department of Computer science and Engineering College of Engineering GuindyAnna UniversityChennai600025India Department of Information Technology Madras Institute of TechnologyAnna UniversityChrompetChennai600044India

Lower back pain is one of the most common medical problems in the world and it is experienced by a huge percentage of people *** to its ability to produce a detailed view of the soft tissues,including the spinal cord,nerves,intervertebral discs,and vertebrae,Magnetic Resonance Imaging is thought to be the most effective method for imaging the *** semantic segmentation of vertebrae plays a major role in the diagnostic process of lumbar *** is difficult to semantically partition the vertebrae in Magnetic Resonance Images from the surrounding variety of tissues,including muscles,ligaments,and intervertebral discs.U-Net is a powerful deep-learning architecture to handle the challenges of medical image analysis tasks and achieves high segmentation *** work proposes a modified U-Net architecture namely MU-Net,consisting of the Meijering convolutional layer that incorporates the Meijering filter to perform the semantic segmentation of lumbar vertebrae L1 to L5 and sacral vertebra ***-colour mask images were generated and used as ground truth for training the *** work has been carried out on 1312 images expanded from T1-weighted mid-sagittal MRI images of 515 patients in the Lumbar spine MRI Dataset publicly available from Mendeley *** proposed MU-Net model for the semantic segmentation of the lumbar vertebrae gives better performance with 98.79%of pixel accuracy(PA),98.66%of dice similarity coefficient(DsC),97.36%of Jaccard coefficient,and 92.55%mean Intersection over Union(mean IoU)metrics using the mentioned dataset.

关键词： Computer aided diagnosis(CAD) magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) semantic segmentation lumbar vertebrae deep learning U-Net model

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Measurement of away-side broadening with self-subtraction of flow in Au+Au collisions at √sNN=200 GeV

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Chinese Physics C 2020年第10期44卷 59-67页

作者： L.Adamczyk J.R.Adams J.K.Adkins G.Agakishiev M.M.Aggarwal Z.Ahammed I.Alekseev D.M.Anderson A.Aparin E.C.Aschenauer M.U.Ashraf F.G.Atetalla A.Attri G.s.Averichev V.Bairathi K.Barish A.Behera R.Bellwied A.Bhasin J.Bielcik J.Bielcikova L.C.Bland I.G.Bordyuzhin J.D.Brandenburg A.V.Brandin J.Butterworth H.Caines M.Calderón de la Barca sánchez D.Cebra I.Chakaberia P.Chaloupka B.K.Chan F-H.Chang Z.Chang N.Chankova-Bunzarova A.Chatterjee D.Chen J.H.Chen X.Chen Z.Chen J.Cheng M.Cherney M.Chevalier s.Choudhury W.Christie X.Chu H.J.Crawford M.Csanád M.Daugherity T.G.Dedovich I.M.Deppner A.A.Derevschikov L.Didenko X.Dong J.L.Drachenberg J.C.Dunlop T.Edmonds N.Elsey J.Engelage G.Eppley s.Esumi O.Evdokimov A.Ewigleben O.Eyser R.Fatemi s.Fazio P.Federic J.Fedorisin C.J.Feng Y.Feng P.Filip E.Finch Y.Fisyak A.Francisco L.Fulek C.A.Gagliardi T.Galatyuk F.Geurts A.Gibson K.Gopal D.Grosnick W.Guryn A.I.Hamad A.Hamed s.Harabasz J.W.Harris s.He W.He X.H.He s.Heppelmann s.Heppelmann N.Herrmann E.Hoffman L.Holub Y.Hong s.Horvat Y.Hu H.Z.Huang s.L.Huang T.Huang X.Huang T.J.Humanic P.Huo G.Igo D.Isenhower W.W.Jacobs C.Jena A.Jentsch Y.JI J.Jia K.Jiang s.Jowzaee X.Ju E.G.Judd s.Kabana M.L.Kabir s.Kagamaster D.Kalinkin K.Kang D.Kapukchyan K.Kauder H.W.Ke D.Keane A.Kechechyan M.Kelsey Y.V.Khyzhniak D.P.Kikoła C.Kim B.Kimelman D.Kincses T.A.Kinghorn I.Kisel A.Kiselev M.Kocan L.Kochenda L.K.Kosarzewski L.Kramarik P.Kravtsov K.Krueger N.Kulathunga Mudiyanselage L.Kumar s.Kumar R.Kunnawalkam Elayavalli J.H.Kwasizur R.Lacey s.Lan J.M.Landgraf J.Lauret A.Lebedev R.Lednicky J.H.Lee Y.H.Leung C.Li W.Li W.Li X.Li Y.Li Y.Liang R.Licenik T.Lin Y.Lin M.A.Lisa F.Liu H.Liu P.Liu P.Liu T.Liu X.Liu Y.Liu Z.Liu T.Ljubicic W.J.Llope R.s.Longacre N.s.Lukow s.Luo X.Luo G.L.Ma L.Ma R.Ma Y.G.Ma N.Magdy R.Majka D.Mallick s.Margetis C.Markert H.s.Matis J.A.Mazer N.G.Minaev s.Mioduszewski B.Mohanty I.Mooney Z.Moravcova D.A.Morozov M.Nagy J.D.Nam Nasim Md K.Nayak D.Neff J.M.Nelson D.B.Nemes M.Nie G.Nigmatkulov T.Niida L.V.Nogach T.Nonaka A.s.Nunes G.Odyniec A.Ogawa Abilene Christian University AbileneTexas 79699 AGH University of science and Technology FPACSCracow 30-059Poland Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC"Kurchatov Institute" Moscow 117218Russia Argonne National Laboratory ArgonneIllinois 60439 American University of Cairo New Cairo 11835New CairoEgypt Brookhaven National Laboratory UptonNew York 11973 University of California BerkeleyCalifornia 94720 University of California DavisCalifornia 95616 University of California Los AngelesCalifornia 90095 University of California RiversideCalifornia 92521 Central China Normal University WuhanHubei 430079 University of Illinois at Chicago ChicagoIllinois 60607 Creighton University OmahaNebraska 68178 Czech Technical University in Prague FNSPEPrague 11519Czech Republic Technische Universität Darmstadt Darmstadt 64289Germany ELTE Eötvös Loránd University BudapestHungary H-1117 Frankfurt Institute for Advanced studies FIAs Frankfurt 60438Germany Fudan University Shanghai 200433 University of Heidelberg Heidelberg 69120Germany University of Houston HoustonTexas 77204 Huzhou University HuzhouZhejiang 313000 Indian Institute of science Education and Research(IIsER) Berhampur 760010India Indian Institute of science Education and Research(IIsER)Tirupati Tirupati 517507India Indian Institute Technology PatnaBihar 801106India Indiana University BloomingtonIndiana 47408 Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouGansu 730000 University of Jammu Jammu 180001India Joint Institute for Nuclear Research Dubna 141980Russia Kent state University KentOhio 44242 University of Kentucky LexingtonKentucky 40506-0055 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCalifornia 94720 Lehigh University BethlehemPennsylvania 18015 Max-Planck-Institut für Physik Munich 80805Germany Michigan state University East LansingMichigan 48824 National Research Nuclear University MEPhI Moscow 115409Russia National Institute of science Education and Research HBNIJatni 752050Indi

High transverse momentum(pT)particle production is suppressed owing to the parton(jet)energy loss in the hot dense medium created in relativistic heavy-ion *** of energy at low-to-modest pT has been difficult to measure,owing to large anisotropic *** report a data-driven method for background evaluation and subtraction,exploiting the away-side pseudorapidity gaps,to measure the jetlike correlation shape in Au+Au collisions at √sNN=200 GeV in the sTAR *** correlation shapes,for trigger particles pT>3GeV/c and various associated particle pT ranges within 0.5sistent with Gaussians,and their widths increase with *** results indicate jet broadening in the medium created in central heavy-ion collisions.

关键词： di-hadron correlations jet heavy-ion

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Impact of Zika virus non-structural protein mutations on hippocampal damage

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2307-2308页

作者： Larissa M.G.Cassiano Roney s.Coimbra Neurogenômica/Imunopatologia Instituto RenéRachouFiocruzBelo HorizonteBrazil Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia Instituto de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteBrazil

The Zika virus(ZIKV),a member of the Flaviviridae family,attracted worldwide attention for its connection to severe neurological effects,notably microcephaly in newborns,first reported during the 2015 epidemic in ***,its impact goes beyond fetal and neonatal abnormalities,also affecting the central nervous system(CNs)in both children and adults,leading to enduring cognitive and behavioral impairments.

关键词： damage fetal neonatal

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Pathophysiology and treatment of Barrett's esophagus

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第30期16卷 3762-3772页

作者： Daniel s.oh steven R DeMeester Department of surgery The University of Southern CaliforniaKeck School of MedicineLos AngelesCA 90033United States

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) affects an estimated 20% of the population in the United states. About 10%-15% of patients with GERD develop Barrett’s esophagus, which can progress to adenocarcinoma, currently the most prevalent type of esophageal cancer. The esophagus is normally lined by squamous mucosa, therefore, it is clear that for adenocarcinoma to develop, there must be a sequence of events that result in transformation of the normal squamous mucosa into columnar epithelium. This sequence begins with gastroesophageal reflux, and with continued injury metaplastic columnar epithelium develops. This article reviews the pathophysiology of Barrett’s esophagus and implications for its treatment. The effect of medical and surgical therapy of Barrett’s esophagus is compared.

关键词： Gastroesophageal reflux disease Barrett’s esophagus Lower esophageal sphincter Esophageal motility Proton pump inhibitors Antireflux surgery

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Concurrent generation and amplification of longitudinal and bending waves using defective phononic crystals

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2025年第2期46卷 269-288页

作者： s.H.JO Department of Mechanical Robotics and Energy Engineering Dongguk University

Defective phononic crystals (PnCs) have enabled spatial localization and quantitative amplification of elastic wave energy. Most previous research has focused on applications such as narrow-bandpass filters, ultrasonic sensors, and piezoelectric energy harvesters, typically operating under the assumption of an external elastic wave incidence. Recently, a novel approach that uses defective PnCs as ultrasonic actuators to generate amplified waves has emerged. However, the existing studies are limited to the generation of either longitudinal or bending waves, with no research addressing the concurrent generation of both. Hence, this paper proposes a straightforward methodology for the concurrent generation and amplification of both wave types utilizing defect modes at independent defect-band frequencies. Bimorph piezoelectric elements are attached to the defect, with each element connected to independent external voltage sources. By precisely adjusting the magnitude and temporal phase differences between the voltage sources, concurrently amplified wave generation is achieved. The paper highlights the advantages of the proposed analytical model. This model is both computationally timeefficient and accurate, in comparison with the COMsOL simulation results. For instance,in case studies, the analytical model reduces the computational time from one hour to mere seconds, while maintaining acceptable error rates of 1%in peak frequencies. This concurrent wave-generation methodology opens new avenues for applications in rotating machinery fault diagnosis, structural health monitoring, and medical imaging.

关键词： phononic crystal (PnC) defect concurrent generation piezoelectric ultrasonic actuator O328 O346

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Green synthesis of glycolic acid through the electrocatalytic reduction of oxalic acid over black TiO_(2): An experimental and theoretical study

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 544-556页

作者： Hugo Olvera-Vargas Oscar Andrés Jaramillo-Quintero Luis Darío Alarcón León Orlando Castro-Ocampo Christian A.Celaya Marina E.Rincón Jesús Muñiz Instituto de Energías Renovables Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México(IER-UNAM)Priv.Xochicalco s/nCol.CentroTemixcoMorelos.CP 62580Mexico Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México(UNAM)Km 107Carretera Tijuana-EnsenadaEnsenadaB.C.C.P.22800Mexico

Herein,we present the electrocatalytic four-electron hydrogenation of oxalic acid into glycolic acid using black TiO_(2)as an *** acid is an abundant compound found in several sources of organic *** results showed a high selectivity of black TiO_(2)toward glycolic acid,with the formation of glyoxylic acid being the rate-limiting step (glyoxylic acid is the two-electron intermediate).The highest Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 69.6%±8.3% was achieved at 10.2 mA cm^(-2)in 4 h of electrolysis using an H-type cell operated at room temperature,with 50.2%±3.8% of oxalic acid conversion (degradation kinetic constant k=0.0042±0.0001 min-1),58.8%±7.0%of reaction yield and 1.2±0.18 g L-1of glycolic acid production.A theoretical model of black TiO_(2)coming from anatase TiO_(2)was implemented by introducing Ti3+defects,which gave black TiO_(2)the theoretical capability to easily transform oxalic acid into glycolic acid as experimentally *** reaction mechanism was supported and described in detail by density functional theory calculations,which revealed that surface Ti^(3+)states were the main catalytic *** is the first time that a detailed step-by-step mechanism at the atomic level has been proposed for this electrocatalytic reaction,which represents a valuable contribution to the understanding of this process of high energy/environmental *** is also the first time that black TiO_(2)has been used as an electrocatalyst for this sustainable process.

关键词： Chemical energy storage Electrochemical hydrogenation Density functional theory Renewable energy Oxalic acid

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