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sperm function, mitochondrial activity and in vivo fertility are associated to their mitochondrial DNA content in pigs

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Journal of Animal science and Biotechnology 2024年第4期15卷 1550-1558页

作者： marc Llavanera Yentel Mateo‑Otero Estel Vinolas‑Vergés sergi Bonet marc Yeste Unit of Cell Biology Department of BiologyFaculty of SciencesUniversity of GironaGirona ES‑17003Spain Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction(Technosperm) Institute of Food and Agricultural TechnologyUniversity of GironaGirona ES‑17003Spain Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced studies(ICREA) Barcelona ES‑08010Spain

Background Despite their low abundance in sperm, mitochondria have diverse functions in this cell type, includ-ing energy production, signalling and calcium regulation. In humans, sperm mitochondrial DNA content(mtDNAc) has been reported to be negatively linked to sperm function and fertility. Yet, the association between mtDNAc and sperm function in livestock remains unexplored. For this reason, this study aimed to shed some light on the link between mtDNAc and sperm function and fertilising potential in pigs. A qPCR method for mtDNAc quantification was optimised for pig sperm, and the association of this parameter with sperm motility, kinematics, mitochondrial activity, and fertility was subsequently *** First, the q PCR method was found to be sensitive and efficient for mtDNAc quantification in pig sperm. By using this technique, mtDNAc was observed to be associated to sperm motility, mitochondrial activity and in vivo, but not in vitro, fertility outcomes. specifically, sperm with low mtDNAc were seen to exhibit greater motility but decreased mitochondrial activity and intracellular reactive oxygen species. Interestingly, samples with lower mtD-NAc showed higher conception and farrowing rates, but similar in vitro fertilisation rates and embryo development, when compared to those with greater *** These findings enrich our comprehension of the association of mtDNAc with sperm biology, and lay the foundation for future research into employing this parameter as a molecular predictor for sperm function and fer-tility in livestock.

关键词： Fertility Mitochondria Motility mtDNA copy number qPCR sperm

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Modifying the progression of Parkinson's disease through movement interventions:multimodal quantification of underlying mechanisms

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第8期19卷 1651-1652页

作者： Manuel Bange Damian marc Herz Dumitru Ciolac Gabriel Gonzalez-Escamilla sergiu Groppa section of Movement Disorders and Neurostimulation Department of NeurologyFocus Program Translational Neuroscience(FTN)University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University MainzMainzGermany

Introduction:Parkinson’s disease(PD)is the most common neurodegenerative movement *** pathological hallmark is the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta,which is accompanied by widespread alterations in the structu re and function of distributed brain *** r,these processes cause a variety of motor symptoms such as bradykinesia,rigidity,tremor,gait disorders,or difficulties in fine motor control(Bange et al.,2022).

关键词： alterations movement

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Piezoelectric resonant ice protection systems-Part 2/2:Evaluation of benefits at aircraft level

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第6期37卷 50-63页

作者： Valerian PALANQUE Thomas PLANEs Pommier-Budinger VALERIE Budinger marc Delbecq sCOTT Institut Clement Ader(ICA) INSAISAE-SUPAEROMINES ALBIUPSCNRSUniversity of Toulouse31400 ToulouseFrance Federation ENAC IsAE-sUPAERO ONERA University of Toulouse31400 ToulouseFrance

Piezoelectric resonant de-icing systems are attracting great *** paper aims to assess the implementation of these systems at the aircraft *** article begins with the model to compute the power requirement of a piezoelectric resonant de-icing system sized from the prototype detailed in Part 1/2 of this *** the mass,drag,and fuel consumption of this system and the subcomponents needed for its implementation are *** features of a piezoelectric resonant de-icing system are finally computed for aircraft similar to Airbus A320 aircraft and aircraft of different categories(Boeing 787,ATR 72 and TBM 900)and compared with the existing thermal and mechanical ice protection systems.A sensitivity analysis of the main key sizing parameters of the piezoelectric de-icing system is also performed to identify the main axes of improvement for this *** study shows the potential of such ice protection *** particular,for the realistic input parameters chosen in this work,the electro-mechanical solution can provide a 54% reduction in terms of mass and a 92% reduction in terms of power consumption for an A320 aircraft architecture,leading to a 74% decrease in the associated fuel consumption compared to the actual air bleed system.

关键词： Ice protection system De-icing Piezoelectric Electro-mechanical system Power Fuel consumption

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The world's first carbon-fiber reinforced PEEK filament developed for long-term 3D printed medical implants

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China Textile 2024年第1期 14-15页

作者： marc Knebel

Marl,*** is introducing a new carbon-fiber reinforced PEEK filament,for use in 3D printed medical *** smart biomaterial can be processed in common extrusion-based3D printing technologies such as fused filament fabrication (FFF).The specialty chemicals company will present the new product for the first time at coming next medical technology and 3D printing related trade shows.

关键词： fiber printing PEEK

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Chromatin condensation but not DNA integrity of pig sperm is greater in the sperm-rich fraction

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Journal of Animal science and Biotechnology 2024年第1期15卷 171-181页

作者： Estel Viñolas-Vergés Jordi Ribas-Maynou Isabel Barranco Camila Peres Rubio sergi Bonet Jordi Roca marc Yeste Unit of Cell Biology Department of BiologyFaculty of SciencesUniversity of GironaGironaSpain Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction(Technosperm) Institute of Food and Agricultural TechnologyUniversity of GironaGironaSpain Department of Medicine and Animal surgery Faculty of Veterinary ScienceUniversity of MurciaMurciaSpain Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced studies(ICREA) S08010 BarcelonaSpain

Background Protamination and condensation of sperm chromatin as well as DNA integrity play an essential role during fertilization and embryo *** some mammals,like pigs,ejaculates are emitted in three separate fractions:pre-sperm,sperm-rich(sRF)and post sperm-rich(PsRF).These fractions are known to vary in volume,sperm concentration and quality,as well as in the origin and composition of seminal plasma(sP),with differences being also observed within the sRF ***,whether disparities in the DNA integrity and chromatin condensation and pro-tamination of their sperm exist has not been *** This study determined chromatin protamination(Chromomycin A3 test,CMA_(3)),condensation(Dibromobi-mane test,DBB),and DNA integrity(Comet assay)in the pig sperm contained in the first 10 m L of the sRF(sRF-P1),the remaining portion of the sperm-rich fraction(sRF-P2),and the post sperm-rich fraction(PsRF).While chromatin protamination was found to be similar between the different ejaculate fractions(P>0.05),chromatin condensation was seen to be greater in sRF-P1 and sRF-P2 than in the PsRF(P=0.018 and P=0.004,respectively).Regarding DNA integrity,no differences between fractions were observed(P>0.05).As the sRF-P1 has the highest sperm concentra-tion and ejaculate fractions are known to differ in antioxidant composition,the oxidative stress index(Osi)in sP,calcu-lated as total oxidant activity divided by total antioxidant capacity,was tested and confirmed to be higher in the sRF-P1 than in sRF-P2 and PsRF(0.42±0.06 vs.0.23±0.09 and 0.08±0.00,respectively;Ps index,in addition,was observed to be correlated to the sperm concentration of each fraction(Rs=0.973;Psion While sperm DNA integrity was not found to differ between ejaculate fractions,sRF-P1 and sRF-P2 were observed to exhibit greater chromatin condensation than the *** could be related to the Osi of each fraction.

关键词： Chromatin Condensation DNA integrity Ejaculate fractions Pig Protamination sperm

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Piezoelectric resonant ice protection systems–Part1/2:Prediction of power requirement for de-icing a NACA 0024 leading edge

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第3期37卷 92-103页

作者： Valerian PALANQUE Jason POTHIN Vale′rie POMMIER-BUDINGER marc BUDINGER Institut Clement Ader University of ToulouseINSAISAE-SUPAEROMINES ALBIUPSCNRSToulouse 31055France IsAE-sUPAERO University of Toulouse10 Avenue Edouard BelinToulouse 31055France

This paper proposes a numerical method to analyze the ice protection capability and predict the power requirements of a piezoelectric resonant de-icing *** method is based on a coupled electro-mechanical finite element analysis which enables the fast computation of the modes of resonance of interest to de-ice curved surfaces and the estimation of the input voltage and current required for a given configuration(defined by its mode,actuator location,ice deposit,etc.).Eventually,the electric power to be supplied can be also *** method is applied to a NACA 0024 leading edge equipped with piezoelectric ***,two extension modes are analyzed and compared with respect to their efficiency and power ***,tests are carried out in an icing tunnel to verify the effectiveness of the piezoelectric ice protection system and the predictions of the maximal required *** system allows de-icing the leading edge in less than 2 s for a glaze ice deposit.

关键词： Ice protection system Piezoelectric Resonance mode Ice fracture Leading edge de-icing

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Populism as a Crisis of Democratic Legitimacy:With some References to France and the United states

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and social sciences 2024年第2期17卷 193-209页

作者： Jean-marc Coicaud Law and Global Affairs Rutgers UniversityRutgersUSA Fudan Institute for Advanced study in social sciences ShanghaiChina

Populism combines the following characteristics:a rejection of economic policies linked to globalization;a condemnation of political and economic elites perceived as allied,directly or indirectly,to globalization policies;a nationalist conception of the national interest;a mistrust of immigration,seen as a threat to identity;as for populism’s supporters,a rather popular sociological profile,and an electoral profile that tends toward the“hard right”(“droite dure”),without ruling out bridges to the“hard left”(“gauche dure”).Having said this,I propose to defend three theses:populism is not the solution to the problems of the countries where it is developing,whether in France,the United states or elsewhere;it would be dangerous,however,to ignore the crises of which populism is the product;it is essential to take the measure of the problems that favor its emergence and to try to provide answers to them.

关键词： Populism Democratic legitimacy Hard right Hard left

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Bioinspired supramolecular macrocycle hybrid membranes with enhanced proton conductivity

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Nano Research 2024年第2期17卷 797-805页

作者： Pengfei Yang Linlin Xu Panagiotis Trogadas marc-Olivier Coppens Yang Lan Centre for Nature Inspired Engineering Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondon WC1E 7JEUK

Enhancing the proton conductivity of proton exchange membranes(PEMs)is essential to expand the applications of proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs).Inspired by the proton conduction mechanism of bacteriorhodopsin,cucurbit[n]urils(CB[n],where n is the number of glycoluril units,n=6,7,or 8)are introduced into sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone)(sPEEK)matrix to fabricate hybrid PEMs,employing a nature-inspired chemical engineering(NICE)*** carbonyl groups of CB[n]act as proton-conducting sites,while the host–guest interaction between CB[n]and water molecules offers extra protonconducting ***,the molecular size of CB[n]aids in their dispersion within the sPEEK matrix,effectively bridging the unconnected proton-conducting sulfonic group domains within the sPEEK ***,all hybrid membranes exhibit significantly enhanced proton ***,the sPEEK membrane incorporating 1 wt.%CB[8](CB[8]/sPEEK-1%)demonstrates the highest proton conductivity of 198.0 ms·cm^(−1) at 60°C and 100%relative humidity(RH),which is 228%greater than that of the pure sPEEK membrane under the same ***,hybrid membranes exhibit superior fuel cell *** CB[8]/sPEEK-1%membrane achieves a maximum power density of 214 mW·cm^(−2),representing a 140%improvement over the pure sPEEK membrane(89 mW·cm^(−2))at 50°C and 100%*** findings serve as a foundation for constructing continuous proton-conducting pathways within membranes by utilizing supramolecular macrocycles as fuel cell electrolytes and in other applications.

关键词： supramolecular macrocycle proton conductivity cucurbit[n]uril proton exchange membrane fuel cell

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Detection and clearance in Alzheimer’s disease: leading with illusive chemical, structural and morphological features of the targets

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第3期19卷 497-498页

作者： Luís Gales i3s−Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em saúde Rua Alfredo AllenPortoPortugal(Gales L)IBMC−Instituto de Biologia Molecular e CelularUniversidade do PortoRua Alfredo AllenPortoPortugal ICBAs−Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel salazar Rua de Jorge Viterbo FerreiraPortoPortugal

Highly specific interactions between biomolecules,such as antigen-antibody,protein-ligand,or nucleic acid base pair complementary are on the basis of the organization of complex *** same principles may be tentatively used in molecular medicine for diagnosis and therapeutics.A molecule can be designed to selectively bind a protease and thereby inhibit the production of a peptide that forms toxic aggregates in the brain or an antibody may be produced to bind specifically to that peptide for detection or clearance ***,interference in biological systems is not that *** a start there is the inhibition of the physiological role of the protease;moreover,several cleavage fragments may be produced,which may continue to diverge due to putative post-translational modification and self-assembly processes,hiding the toxic target in a“soup”of peptide species varying in size,structure and chemical composition.A perspective of the current status and challenges in targeting peptide species for diagnosis and treatment in the context of Alzheimer’s disease is given.

关键词： Alzheimer diagnosis thereby

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special Column on Recent Advances in PCMs as Thermal Energy storage in Energy systems

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Journal of Thermal science 2024年第2期33卷 395-395页

作者： Mohammad Hossein AHMADI Tingzhen MING marc A.ROsEN s.A.sHERIF Mohammad Mehdi RAsHIDI shahrood University of Technology Iran Wuhan University of Technology China University of Ontario Institute of Technology Canada University of Florida USA University of Electronic science and Technology of China China

Thermal energy storage technology has the advantages of high energy storage density,small size,and high energy conversion *** is one of the key energy storage technologies and an important way to achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality *** change materials (PCMs) offer this opportunity to store high amount of energy and release it in the form of latent heat when needed,and therefore have the advantage of being capable to alleviate the intrinsic intermittency of renewable power production,especially in wind and solar farms.

关键词： efficiency store latent

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