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science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第10期67卷 83-91页

作者： Zhenhua Zhang Litao Yang Qian Yue Kejun Kang Yuanjing Li Haipeng An Greeshma C. Jianping Chang Yunhua Chen Jianping Cheng Wenhan Dai Zhi Deng Changhao Fang Xinping Geng Hui Gong Qiuju Guo Tao Guo Xuyuan Guo Li He shengming He Jinwei Hu Hanxiong Huang Tuchen Huang Lin Jiang s.karmakar Haubin Li Hanyu Li Jianmin Li Jin Li Qianyun Li Renmingjie Li Xueqian Li Yulan Li Yifan Liang Bin Liao FongKay Lin shinTed Lin Jiaxuan Liu shukui Liu Yandong Liu Yu Liu Yuanyuan Liu Hao Ma Yucai Mao Qiyuan Nie Jinhua Ning Hui Pan Ningchun Qi Jie Ren Xichao Ruan Monoj Kumar singh Tianxi sun Changjian Tang Yang Tian Guangfu Wang Junzheng Wang Li Wang Qing Wang Yufeng Wang Yunxiang Wang Henry Tsz-King Wong shiyong Wu Yucheng Wu Haoyang Xing Rui Xu Yin Xu Tao Xue Yulu Yan Nan Yi Chunxu Yu Haijun Yu Jianfeng Yue Ming Zeng Zhi Zeng Bingtao Zhang Fengshou Zhang Lei Zhang Zhenyu Zhang Jizhong Zhao Kangkang Zhao Minggang Zhao Jifang Zhou Zuying Zhou Jingjun Zhu CDEX Collaboration Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging(Ministry of Education)and Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Physics Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Institute of Physics Academia SinicaTaipei 11529China NUCTECH Company Beijing 100084China YaLong River Hydropower Development Company Chengdu 610051China College of Nuclear science and Technology Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China College of Physics Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China school of Physics Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Department of Nuclear Physics China Institute of Atomic EnergyBeijing 102413China sino-French Institute of Nuclear and Technology Sun Yet-sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China school of Physics Nankai UniversityTianjin 300071China Department of Physics Banaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi 221005India Department of Physics Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China 不详

Dark matter(DM)is a major constituent of the ***,no definite evidence of DM particles(denoted as“χ”)has been found in DM direct detection(DD)experiments to *** is a novel concept of detectingχfrom evaporating primordial black holes(PBHs).We search forχemitted from PBHs by investigating their interaction with target *** examined PBH masses range from 1×10^(15)to 7×10^(16)g under the current limits of PBH abundance *** 205.4 kg·day data obtained from the CDEX-10 experiment conducted in the China Jinping Underground Laboratory,we exclude theχ-electron(χ-e)elastic-scattering cross sectionσ_(χe)~5×10^(-29)cm^(2)forχwith a mass■keV from our *** the higher radiation background but lower energy threshold(160 eV),CDEX-10 fills a part of the gap in the previous ***(m_(χ),σ_(χe))can be determined in the future,DD experiments are expected to impose strong constraints on fPBHfor large MPBHs.

关键词： CDEX primordial black hole light dark matter particle dark matter-electron scattering high purity germanium detector

searching for ^(76)Ge neutrinoless double beta decay with the CDEX-1B experiment

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第10期48卷 11-22页

作者： Bing-Tao Zhang Jun-Zheng Wang Li-Tao Yang Qian Yue Ke-Jun Kang Yuan-Jing Li Hai-Peng An C.Greeshma Jian-Ping Chang Yun-Huan Chen Jian-Ping Cheng Wen-Han Dai Zhi Deng Chang-Hao Fang Xin-Ping Geng Hui Gong Qiu-Ju Guo Xu-Yuan Guo Li He sheng-Ming He Jin-Wei Hu Han-Xiong Huang Tu-Chen Huang Hai-Tao Jia Xi Jiang s.karmakar Hao-Bin Li Jian-Min Li Jin Li Qian-Yun Li Ren-Ming-Jie Li Xue-Qian Li Yu-Lan Li Yi-Fan Liang Bin Liao Fong-Kay Lin shin-Ted Lin Jia-Xuan Liu shu-Kui Liu Yan-Dong Liu Yu Liu Yuan-Yuan Liu Zhong-Zhi Liu Hao Ma Yu-Cai Mao Qi-Yuan Nie Jin-Hua Ning Hui Pan Ning-Chun Qi Jie Ren Xi-Chao Ruan Ze she Manoj Kumar singh Tian-Xi sun Chang-Jian Tang Wei-You Tang Yang Tian Guang-Fu Wang Li Wang Qing Wang Yu-Feng Wang Yun-Xiang Wang Henry-Tsz-King Wong shi-Yong Wu Yu-Cheng Wu Hao-Yang Xing Rui Xu Yin Xu Tao Xue Yu-Lu Yan Nan Yi Chun-Xu Yu Hai-Jun Yu Jian-Feng Yue Ming Zeng Zhi Zeng Feng-shou Zhang Lei Zhang Zhen-Hua Zhang Zhen-Yu Zhang Kang-Kang Zhao Ming-Gang Zhao Ji-Fang Zhou Zu-Ying Zhou Jing-Jun Zhou Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging(Ministry of Education)and Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084 Department of Physics Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084 Institute of Physics Academia SinicaTaipei 11529 NUCTECH Company Beijing 100084 YaLong River Hydropower Development Company Chengdu 610051 College of Nuclear science and Technology Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875 College of Physics Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065 school of Physics Peking UniversityBeijing 100871 Department of Nuclear Physics China Institute of Atomic EnergyBeijing 102413 sino-French Institute of Nuclear and Technology Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519082 school of Physics Nankai UniversityTianjin 300071 Department of Physics Banaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi 221005 Department of Physics Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875

We operated a p-type point contact high purity germanium(PPCGe)detector(CDEX-1B,1.008 kg)in the China Jinping Underground Laboratory(CJPL)for 500.3 days to search for neutrinoless double beta(0νββ)decay of ^(76)Ge.A total of 504.3 kg⋅day effective exposure data was *** anti-coincidence and the multi/single-site event(MsE/ssE)discrimination methods were used to suppress the background in the energy region of interest(ROI,1989–2089 keV for this work)with a factor of 23.A background level of 0.33 counts/(keV⋅kg⋅yr)was *** lower limit on the half life of^(76)Ge 0νββdecay was constrained as T_(1/2)^(0ν)>1.0×10^(23)yr(90%C.L.),corresponding to the upper limits on the effective Majorana neutrino mass:<3.2–7.5 eV.

关键词： neutrinoless double beta decay CDEX point-contact germanium detector ^(76)Ge

Core shell Au Ag Nanoparticles in Dielectric Nanocomposites with Plasmon-Enhanced Fluorescence: A New Paradigm in Antimony Glasses

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Nano Research 2009年第8期2卷 607-616页

作者： Tirtha som Basudeb karmakar Glass Technology Laboratory Glass DivisionCentral Glass and Ceramic Research Institute(Council of Scientifi c and Industrial Research)196Raja S.C.Mullick RoadKolkata 700032India

The nano era demands the synthesis of new nanostructured materials,if possible by simplified techniques,with remarkable properties and versatile ***,we demonstrate a new single-step reproducible melt-quench methodology to fabricate core-shell bimetallic(Au0 Ag0)nanoparticles(2889 nm)embedded glasses(dielectrics)by the use of a new reducing glass matrix,K_(2)O B_(2)O_(3) sb_(2)O_(3)(KBs)without applying any external reducing agent or multiple processing *** surface plasmon resonance(sPR)band of these nanocomposites embedded in KBs glass is tunable in the range 554-681 *** remarkably,taking advantage of the selective reduction capability of sb_(2)O_(3),this single-step methodology is used to fabricate inter-metallic:rare-earth ions co-embedded(AuAg:sm^(3+))dielectric(glass)-based-dnanocomposites and study the effect of enhanced local fi eld on the red upconversion fl uorescence of sm^(3+)ions at 636 *** enhancement is found to be about 2 *** single-step in-situ selective reduction approach can be used to fabricate a variety of hybrid-nanocomposite devices for laser based applications(see supplementary information).

关键词： Gold-silver nanostructures core-shell morphology surface plasmon resonance antimony glass metal-enhanced rare earth fl uorescence

Identification and modelling of applicable wear conditions for stir cast Al-composite

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Friction 2020年第5期8卷 847-873页

作者： santanu sARDAR santanu Kumar karmakar Debdulal DAs Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Engineering Science and TechnologyHowrah 711103India Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Indian Institute of Engineering Science and TechnologyHowrah 711103India

A comprehensive study of the tribological performance of the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu/Al2O3 composite and its matrix alloy is presented in this paper, with a specific emphasis to identify and model the applicable wear conditions where the composite provides a minimum of 50% reduction in wear rate and 25% lowering of the friction coefficient. Two-body abrasion experiments following Taguchi L27 orthogonal design have been performed separately on alloy and composite materials, both prepared by the stir casting method. The influence of crucial control factors including silicon carbide (siC) abrasive size, load, sliding distance, and velocity on the percentage variations of wear rates and friction coefficients between alloy and composite have been studied using the analysis of variance technique and full quadratic regression method. The dominant control factors are identified as abrasive size, load, and the interaction between abrasive size and load. This has been verified by establishing the influence of abrasive size and load on variations of wear mechanisms like microcutting, microploughing, and delamination, identified by means of in-depth characterization of worn surfaces and generated debris for both alloy and composite. The selection of applicable tribological condition for the composite has been accomplished by adopting the multi-response optimization technique based on combined desirability approach to obtain concurrent optimization of the percentage variations of wear rates and friction coefficients. Predictive models correlating the superiority of tribological performance of composite with abrasion conditions have been developed, and these are found to be accurate (errors s determined by confirmatory experiment.

关键词： aluminum matrix composite tribology design of experiment Taguchi multi-response optimization abrasion mechanism

Hybrid intelligence approach for multi-load level reactive power planning using VAR compensator in power transmission network

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Protection and Control of Modern Power systems 2021年第1期6卷 330-346页

作者： Nihar karmakar Biplab Bhattacharyya Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology(ISM)Dhanbad826004India

This paper formulates and solves a techno-economic planning problem of reactive power (VAR) in power transmission systems under loadings. The objective of the proposed research work is to minimize the combination of installation cost of reactive power sources, power losses and operational cost while satisfying technical constraints. Initially, the positions for the placement of reactive power sources are determined technically. Different cost components such as VAR generation cost, line charging cost etc. are then added in the total operating cost in a most economical way. Finally, the optimal parameter setting subjected to reactive power planning (RPP) is obtained by taking advantages of hybrid soft computing techniques. For the justification of the efficiency and efficacy of the proposed approach the entire work is simulated on two inter-regional transmission networks. To validate the robustness and ease of the soft computing techniques in RPP the responses of benchmark functions and statistical proof are provided simultaneously.

关键词： Active power loss Reactive power planning Hybrid algorithm Line charging Operating cost

Fuel properties and emission characteristics of biodiesel produced from unused algae grown in India

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Petroleum science 2018年第2期15卷 385-395页

作者： Rachan karmakar Krishnendu Kundu Anita Rajor school of Energy and Environment Thapar University Department of Biofuel CSIR CMERI CoEFM

The high price of different biodiesels and the need for many of their raw ingredients as food materials are the main constraints to be overcome when seeking the best potential alternative fuels to petro-diesel. Apart from that, some properties like high density, viscosity and acid value along with low cloud and pour points preclude their use in com- pression ignition （CI） engines as these properties can cause serious damage to the parts of the engine and reduce engine life. In this experiment, biodiesel was produced from the oil of unused algae by a two-step ＇acid esterification followed by transesterification＇ procedure. Taguchi＇s method was applied to design the experiment, and a L25 orthogonal array was prepared to optimize the biodiesel production procedure. The optimized conditions for transesterification were： methanol to oil molar ratio of 6：1, catalyst （KOH） concentration of 2.5 wt%, reaction time of 90 min and reaction temperature of 50 ~C, achieving a biodiesel production of 89.7% with free fatty acid content of 0.25%. It was found that the CI engine emitted less CO, CO2 and hydrocarbon and higher NOx using algal biodiesel than that using petro-diesel. All properties of the algal biodiesel were within the limit of AsTM standards.

关键词： Algae Biodiesel Fuel characterization Emission

Optimization of safflower oil transesterification using the Taguchi approach

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Petroleum science 2017年第4期14卷 798-805页

作者： N.Kumar s.K.Mohapatra s.s.Ragit K.Kundu R.karmakar Mechanical Engineering Department Thapar UniversityPatialaIndia Department of Biofuel CSIR CMERI CoEFMLudhianaIndia school of Energy and Environment Thapar UniversityPatialaIndia

Biodiesel is an alternative renewable fuel which is produced by using biomass resources. Its physicochemical properties are close to those of the petroleum diesel fuel. This study highlights biodiesel production from safflower seed oil. The main aim of this experimental work is to optimize the process parameters, namely the methanolto-oil molar ratio, catalyst concentration, reaction time and reaction temperature for biodiesel production. The Taguchi robust design approach was used with an L9 orthogonal array to analyze the influence of process factors on performance parameters. The results showed that the optimum yield of biodiesel was 93.8% with viscosity 5.60 c st, with a methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 4:1, catalyst concentration of 1.5 wt%, reaction time of 90 min and reaction temperature of 60 ℃. The catalyst concentration was found to be the most influencing parameter which contributed 51.1% and 50.8% of the total effect on the yield of biodiesel, Y;, and viscosity of biodiesel, Y;, respectively.

关键词： ANOVA Biodiesel Optimization Taguchi approach Transesterification

Petrogenesis of the Neoarchean zincian chromite within ultramafic xenoliths,Bastar Craton,India

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Acta Geochimica 2023年第3期42卷 471-487页

作者： Arpita karmakar Tushar Meshram Mohammad Asif Yogesh Pandey Geological survey of India Vasudha BhawanKumarswamy LayoutBangalore 560111India Geological survey of India NagpurIndia Geological survey of India RaipurIndia

The present study reports and discusses the genesis of zincian chromite in the ultramafic xenoliths from the Dongripali area,Bastar craton,Central *** zincian chromite is in the ultramafic xenoliths of Bengpal supracrustal rock hosted by Neoarchaean Bundeli *** zincian chromite shows a range of Cr_(2)O_(3)(39.69 to 51.66 wt%),Al_(2)O_(3)(05.30 wt%to 08.71 wt%),FeO(21.74 wt%to 27.51 wt%),Fe_(2)O_(3)(10.19 wt%to 19.36wt%)with higher ZnO content ranging from 1.73 wt%to 4.08 wt%.Accordingly,their Cr#[Cr/(Cr+Al)]varies in a narrow range from 0.83 to *** calculated melt composition supports metamorphic or post-magmatic nature rather than common occurrences such as inclusion in diamonds,meteorites,and association with any sulfide-rich mineralised *** reveals that the post-magmatic processes play a vital role in transforming chromite to zincian *** empirical thermometric calculation from chromite,amphibole,and pyroxene support their metamorphic origin and formed during low-P and high-T amphibolite grade facies of metamorphism(~700℃).The Neoarchaean granitic magmatism has a significant role in generating and transferring the heat during contact metamorphism with hydration of ultramafic xenoliths and further alteration,i.e.,*** olivine is a major repository for Mn,Zn,and Co in peridotite/ultramafic;these elements get mobilised during the metamorphism and *** is a possible reason for the mobilisation of zinc and incorporation in the chromite within altered *** a result,chromiterich ultramafic xenolith subjected to metamorphic process gets enrichment of Zn and Fe due to elemental *** converts common chromite into zincian chromite,as reported in altered ultramafics elsewhere.

关键词： Zincian chromite Ultramafic Neoarchaean granitic magmatism High-grade metamorphism