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Biodiversity and Dynamics of Planthoppers and Their Natural Enemies in Rice Fields with Different Nitrogen Regimes

Rice science 2006年第3期13卷 218-226页

作者： s. VILLAREAL k. L. HEONG International Rice Research Institute DAPO Box 7777 Metro Manila Philippines

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of different nitrogen fertilizer rates i.e. 200, 100 and 0 kg N/ha in paddy fields at International Rice Research Institute, Manila, Philippines. Biodiversity of arthropods sampled by Blower-Vac, and dynamics of planthoppers, egg parasitoids of Homoptera trapped by rice plants with eggs of brown planthoppers (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens (st?l), and web spiders on rice canopy collected by sweeping net, were analyzed at different rice growth stages. The most abundant arthropods were sampled at the milking stage of rice, totalling 116 species identified into 14 insect orders and 15 species of spider in all samples. Meanwhile the number of arthropod species significantly increased with rice growth and the diversity indices increased with the increase of nitrogen rate at the booting stage. On the other hand, in the dominant predators, Pardosa pseudoannulata, Callitrichi formosana, Micraspis sp., Cyrtorhinus lividipennis, Veliidae sp. and Mesoveliidae sp., only C. lividipennis and Micraspis sp. were increased significantly in abundance following the application of nitrogen at the milking stage of rice. The egg parasitoids of plant-hoppers were predominated by Anagrus flaveolus and Oligosita sp. and their densities in the field without nitrogen fertilizer were markedly higher than those in fields with 100 and 200 kg N/ha at both booting and milking stages of rice. The number and web area of dominant residential spiders Tetragnatha sp. and Araneus sp. in rice canopy significantly reduced with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer. The population density of planthoppers, included BPH and the white-backed planthoppers (WBPH) sogatella furcifera Horváth, peaked during the booting stage, however, the number of BPH in rice field with 200 kg N/ha was considerably higher than those in other two rice fields with 100 kg N/ha and 0 kg N/ha at the booting as well as the milking stage. These results indicated that the rapid growth in popul

关键词： Nilaparvata lugens nitrogen fertilizer biodiversity natural enemy rice field biological control

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supply side Management for Cost Optimization in Developing Countries suffering with Power Outage

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Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 2015年第4期3卷 319-325页

作者： Amit s. Closepet k. Uma Rao Renewable Energy Wing Spectrum Consultants Bangalore India RV College of Engineering Visvesvaraya Technical University Bangalore India

In this increasingly growing population especially in the developing countries, it is almost impossible to solve the energy crisis. This has led to the extreme growth of the back up power generation industry such as Diesel generators and home invertors. From the last couple of years the solar PV technology has started to penetrate in these geographies. This paper discusses on the supply side management of the electricity sources available to a consumer to manage his outage and also the over all cost optimization, as the cost of energy from every source is different and it also depends on the load curve, last but not the least also as to what time of the day what source or combination of sources have been used.

关键词： PV Panel supply side Management Bi-Directional Pumping MATLAB Energy Cost Optimization

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Rauvolfia serpentina-Mediated Green synthesis of CuO Nanoparticles and Its Multidisciplinary studies

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Acta Metallurgica sinica(English Letters) 2015年第9期28卷 1134-1140页

作者： k.Lingaraju H.Raja Naika k.Manjunath G.Nagaraju D.suresh H.Nagabhushana Department of studies and Research in Environmental science Tumkur University Centre for Nano and Material sciences Jain University Department of Chemsitry Siddaganga Institute of Technology Department of studies and Research in Chemistry Tumkur University Prof. C.N.R. Rao Center for Advanced Materials Tumkur University

Copper oxide nanoparticles （CuO Nps） were successfully synthesized by solution combustion method using aqueous leaf extract of Rauvolfia serpentina as a fuel. The structure and morphology of the CuO nanoparticles （Nps） were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction （PXRD）, UV-visible spectroscopy （UV-visible）, scanning electron microscopy （sEM）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, etc. The PXRD patterns reveal the formation of monoclinic phase with crystallite structure. sEM images indicate that the particles have sponge-like structure being highly porous and agglom- erated with large surface area. The average crystallite sizes were found to be in the range of 10-20 nm by scherrer＇s method. The CuO Nps size was further confirmed by TEM. Further, CuO Nps exhibit good photocatalytic activity for the photodegradation of trypan blue dye, indicating that it acts as a promising semiconducting material. The antibacterial properties of CuO nanoparticles were investigated against pathogenic bacterial strains, namely Gram -ve Escherichia coli （NCIM-5051） and Pseudomonas desmolyticum （NCIM-2028） and Gram ＋ve bacteria staphylococcus aureus （NCIM- 5022） using the agar well diffusion method.

关键词： CuO Nanoparticles Rauvolfia serpentina Photocatalytic activity Antibacterial activity

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Energy Efficient Hyperparameter Tuned Deep Neural Network to Improve Accuracy of Near-Threshold Processor

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Intelligent Automation & soft Computing 2023年第7期37卷 471-489页

作者： k.Chanthirasekaran Raghu Gundaala Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Saveetha School of EngineeringSaveetha Institute of Medical and Technical SciencesChennai602105TamilnaduIndia

When it comes to decreasing margins and increasing energy effi-ciency in near-threshold and sub-threshold processors,timing error resilience may be viewed as a potentially lucrative alternative to *** the other hand,the currently employed approaches have certain restrictions,including high levels of design complexity,severe time constraints on error consolidation and propagation,and uncontaminated architectural registers(ARs).The design of near-threshold circuits,often known as NT circuits,is becoming the approach of choice for the construction of energy-efficient digital *** a result of the exponentially decreased driving current,there was a reduction in performance,which was one of the *** studies have advised the use of NT techniques to chip multiprocessors as a means to preserve outstanding energy efficiency while minimising performance *** the past several years,there has been a clear growth in interest in the development of artificial intelligence hardware with low energy consumption(AI).This has resulted in both large corporations and start-ups producing items that compete on the basis of varying degrees of performance and energy *** technology’s ultimate goal was to provide levels of efficiency and performance that could not be achieved with graphics processing units or general-purpose *** achieve this objective,the technology was created to integrate several processing units into a single *** accomplish this purpose,the hardware was designed with a number of unique *** this study,an Energy Effi-cient Hyperparameter Tuned Deep Neural Network(EEHPT-DNN)model for Variation-Tolerant Near-Threshold Processor was *** order to improve the energy efficiency of artificial intelligence(AI),the EEHPT-DNN model employs several AI *** notion focuses mostly on the repercussions of embedded technologies positioned at the network’s *** presented model employs a deep stacked sparse autoencod

关键词： Deep learning hyperparameter tuning artificial intelligence near-threshold processor embedded system

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spatial Analysis of soybean Plant Height and Plant Canopy Temperature Measured with On-the-Go Tractor Mounted sensors

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Agricultural sciences 2019年第11期10卷 1486-1496页

作者： Reginald s. Fletcher Daniel k. Fisher Crop Production systems Research Unit Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Stoneville USA sustainable Water Management Research Unit Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Stoneville USA

There is a growing interest in the Open Ag community to use inexpensive sensors controlled by open-source software to measure plant height and plant canopy temperature of agricultural crops. Plant height and plant canopy temperature are key indicators of plant health. This research study reports on an ongoing research initiative to test a compact and inexpensive mobile sensor to measure plant height and plant canopy temperature. The system is controlled by open source software and hardware. The specific objectives for this study were to analyze the relationship between plant height and plant canopy temperature of soybeans (Glycine max L.) measured with the mobile system and to analyze the spatial correlation of the plant height and plant canopy temperature measurements. Data were collected in a soybean plot in 2018 and 2019. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and geostatistical techniques were used to evaluate the data. A negative statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05) relationship was observed between the plant height and the plant canopy temperature measurements (r = −0.54, 2018;r = −0.37, 2019). Also, both parameters were spatially correlated;however, plant height had a greater spatial continuity than plant canopy temperature. Furthermore, similar patterns were observed for the in-field variability of the plant height and plant temperature maps derived via kriging. similarities in plant height and plant canopy temperatures were observed from one year to the next, suggesting that the sensor technologies could be used as a historical record for monitoring growth patterns in soybean fields. The sensors and techniques used in this study can be easily adapted to other crops, thus providing two important layers for monitoring plant growth and potentially plant stress.

关键词： Glycine max Ultrasonic sensors Infrared Thermometer Correlation In-Field Variability

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Temperature Profiles in the Flow Channel of a Natural Convection solar Air Heater

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Journal of Energy and Power Engineering 2011年第2期5卷 129-134页

作者： k.s. Ong B.T. Tan Monash University sunway Campus Jalan Lagoon Selatan Bandar Sunway 46150 Malaysia

An experimental investigation was conducted to measure the temperature variation across the flow channel and to determine the performance of a natural convection solar air heater at various tilt angles from 15, 30 and 45°. The results of the temperature profile across the air gap showed that heat transfer from the absorber plate to the air stream was mainly by convection. At a particular section, mean air temperature could be calculated from the arithmetic mean of the temperature profile across the air gap to within ± 2 ℃. The axial air temperature distribution was non linear and did not increase much beyond 1 m of collector length. It tended to decrease towards the end of the collector. Overall glass, absorber plate and mean air temperatures over the entire length of the solar air heater could be determined by averaging the mean axial temperatures to within ± 2 ℃. The heater performed better as inclination increased.

关键词： solar air heater natural convection inclination effects temperature profile across air gap axial temperature distribution.

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Estimation of Hourly solar Radiation on Horizontal and Inclined surfaces in Western Himalayas

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smart Grid and Renewable Energy 2011年第1期2卷 45-55页

作者： shyam s. Chandel Rajeev k. Aggarwal 不详

The hourly solar radiation data required for solar energy system design evaluation and performance studies is gener-ally not available for a number of sites especially in remote locations. As such accurate determination of hourly solar radiation data, is important both at horizontal;surfaces and inclined surfaces. A model to estimate global solar radiation using temperature and sunshine hour data has been developed (Chandel et al. [1]) which is used to calculate the hourly solar radiation Data. The hourly solar radiation has also been calculated using Gueymard [2] daily integration approach from the measured daily solar radiation data. These two predicted hourly solar radiation data values are compared with measured hourly values to test the accuracy of the models. The total solar radiation on the inclined surfaces and vertical surfaces for different orientations, have also been estimated. The estimated values are found to be in close agreement with measured values. The method presented can be used to estimate hourly, global, diffuse solar radiation for horizontal surfaces and total solar radiation on inclined and vertical surfaces at different orientations with greater accuracy for any location.

关键词： solar Energy Hourly solar Radiation Diffuse solar Radiation

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A Geometric space-Time Multigrid Algorithm for the Heat Equation

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Numerical Mathematics(Theory,Methods and Applications) 2012年第1期5卷 110-130页

作者： Tobias Weinzierl Tobias köppl Institut für Informatik Technische UniversitätMünchenBoltzmannstr.385748 GarchingGermany Institut für Mathematik Technische UniversitätMünchenBoltzmannstr.385748 GarchingGermany

We study the time-dependent heat equation on its space-time domain that is discretised by a k-spacetree.k-spacetrees are a generalisation of the octree concept and are a discretisation paradigm yielding a multiscale representation of dynamically adaptive Cartesian grids with low memory *** paper presents a full approximation storage geometric multigrid implementation for this setting that combines the smoothing properties of multigrid for the equation’s elliptic operator with a multiscale solution propagation in *** the runtime and memory overhead for tackling the all-in-one space-time problem is bounded,the holistic approach promises to exhibit a better parallel scalability than classical time stepping,adaptive dynamic refinement in space and time fall naturally into place,as well as the treatment of periodic boundary conditions of steady cycle systems,on-time computational steering is eased as the algorithm delivers guesses for the solution’s long-term behaviour immediately,and,finally,backward problems arising from the adjoint equation benefit from the the solution being available for any point in space and time.

关键词： Adaptive Cartesian grids geometric multiscale methods heat equation octree spacetree space-time discretisation

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A mathematical model to achieve sustainable forest management

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International Journal of Modeling, simulation, and scientific Computing 2015年第4期6卷 112-129页

作者： A.k.Misra kusum Lata Department of Mathematics Faculty of Science Banaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi 221005India

Forest resources are important natural resources for all living beings but they are continuously depleting due to overgrowth of human population and their development ***,conservation of forest resources is an important problem for sustainable *** view of this,in this paper,we have proposed and analyzed a nonlinear mathematical model to study the effects of economic and technological efforts on the conservation of forest *** the modeling process,it is assumed that due to increase in population size,the demand of population(population pressure)for forest products,lands,etc.,increases and to reduce this population pressure,economic efforts are employed proportional to the population ***,it is assumed that technological efforts in the form of genetically engineered plants are applied proportional to the depleted level of forest resources to conserve *** analysis reveals that increase in economic and technological efforts increases the density of forest resources but further increase in these efforts destabilizes the *** simulation is carried out to verify analytical findings and explore the effect of different parameters on the dynamics of model system.

关键词： Mathematical model forest resources economic efforts technological efforts.

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statistical and Economic Issues Concerning the Rural Poor; Retrospect and Prospects

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Journal of statistical science and Application 2014年第2期2卷 63-69页

作者： k.N. Pathak J.s. Tomar

Decent living based on regular and secured earning is one of the fundamentals of prosperous life. For well-being/upliftment of rural poor some of the basic components required are basic education, productive and decent employment and health care. The amenities of common people＇s life do rotate around these. Due to geophysical and cultural diversities prevailing in our country, the nature and dynamics of development in different states has notable variations. Our rural areas have also progressed and changed but they still need a lot to be provided. To ensure a balanced development in our country we need to lay emphasis on upliftment of the rural and marginalized poor. To accomplish this task government is working in this direction. However, it is still felt that concerted efforts are required on the basis of micro level background information. It could be done by addressing some of statistical and economic issues. The notable among them are percentage of surpluses mobilized from labour saving technological change utilized for essential services such as health, sanitation and education to entertainment and cultural activities; variation in acreage from traditional food crop to cash crop; changing trend, of the prices of agricultural inputs vis-a-vis the cost of agricultural output and use of ground water in cultivation; trend of informal credits in relation to rising cost of cultivation; analysis of the dynamics of welfare schemes regarding employment, healthcare and basic education etc. Inclusive growth was the cardinal principle of 11 th Five Year Plan of our country. It was further strengthened in 12th Five Year Plan by prefixing faster and sustainable features to it. Therefore, in order to ensure that this basic objective is being fulfilled; it is necessary that along with policy making there should be in-built components of data collection, monitoring and evaluation.

关键词： socioeconomic development MGNREGA RsBY ssA inclusive growth monitoring and evaluationmechanisms]

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