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Laboratory evaluation of toxicity of selected insecticides against egg and larval stages of cotton pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

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journal of Cotton Research 2024年第1期7卷 15-28页

作者： BUsNOOR Abhishek v. WADAsKAR R.M. FAND Babasaheb B. tAMBE v.j. PILLAI t. MAHULE D.j. NAGRARE v.s. PRAsAD Y.G. Entomology section College of Agriculture(Dr.Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth)Nagpur 440001MaharashtraIndia Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Institute for Cotton Research Nagpur 441108MaharashtraIndia

Background the cryptic nature of pink bollworm Pectinophora gossypiella(saunders)larvae enables its reduced vul-nerability to insecticidal control.Further,the development of resistance against Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)toxins posed a serious threat to transgenic cotton cultivation.this necessitated determining the critical timing of spray applications on the control effectiveness.this study assessed the influence of egg age(freshly laid vs.three-day-old)and the loca-tion of larvae(directly exposed to the insecticide residues on the boll rind vs.burrowed inside the bolls)on insecticide control efficacy.Results the results revealed a significant decrease in the ovicidal activity of tested insecticides with an increase in the age of eggs from one day old to three days old(paired t-test,Pthe larvae directly exposed to the insec-ticide residues on the boll rind were more susceptible(>80%mortality)than the larvae exposed after they had bur-rowed inside the bolls(tality).the inhibitory effects of tested insecticides on developmental biology were more pronounced in the experiment on pre-larval release insecticide treatment compared with insecticide treatment given post-larval release and entry inside the bolls.Conclusion Egg age influences the insecticide susceptibility,as does the larval location,directly exposed vs bur-rowed inside the bolls.Older eggs and the larvae that had burrowed inside the green bolls of cotton were relatively less susceptible to the insecticide treatments.the toxic effects of insecticides on egg and larval stages were primar-ily ephemeral.these findings are significant for devising a comprehensive strategy for pink bollworm management on a sustainable basis.

关键词： Bioefficacy Cotton Insecticides Pink bollworm Pectinophora gossypiella timings of spray

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Ranking environmental and edaphic attributes driving soil microbial community structure and activity with special attention to spatial and temporal scales

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mLife 2024年第1期3卷 21-41页

作者： vadakattu v.s.R.Gupta james M.tiedje CsIRO Agriculture&Food UrrbraeSouth AustraliaAustralia Centre for Microbial Ecology Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA

the incredibly complex soil microbial communities at small scales make their analysis and identification of reasons for the observed structures challenging.Microbial community structure is mainly a result of the inoculum(dispersal),the selective advantages of those organisms under the habitat-based environmental attributes,and the ability of those colonizers to sustain themselves over time.since soil is protective,and its microbial inhabitants have long adapted to varied soil conditions,significant portions of the soil microbial community structure are likely stable.Hence,a substantial portion of the community will not correlate to often measured soil attributes.We suggest that the drivers be ranked on the basis of their importance to the fundamental needs of the microbes:(i)those that supply energy,i.e.,organic carbon and electron acceptors;(i)environmental effectors or stressors,i.e.,pH,salt,drought,and toxic chemicals;(ii)macro-organism associations,i.e.,plants and their seasonality,animals and their fecal matter,and soil fauna;and(iv)nutrients,in order,N,P,and probably of lesser importance,other micronutrients,and metals.the relevance of drivers also varies with spatial and time scales,for example,aggregate to field to regional,and persistent to dynamic populations to transcripts,and with the extent of phylogenetic difference,hence phenotypic differences in organismal groups.We present a summary matrix to provide guidance on which drivers are important for particular studies,with special emphasis on a wide range of spatial and temporal scales,and illustrate this with genomic and population(rRNA gene)data from selected studies.

关键词： abundance community structure diversity functional microbiome microorganisms

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Ground-based and additional science support for sMILE

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 275-298页

作者： j.A.Carter M.Dunlop C.Forsyth K.Oksavik E.Donovon A.Kavanagh s.E.Milan t.sergienko R.C.Fear D.G.sibeck M.Connors t.Yeoman X.tan M.G.G.t.taylor K.McWilliams j.Gjerloev R.Barnes D.D.Billet G.Chisham A.Dimmock M.P.Freeman D.-s.Han M.D.Hartinger s.-Y.W.Hsieh Z.-j.Hu M.K.james L.juusola K.Kauristie E.A.Kronberg M.Lester j.Manuel j.Matzka I.McCrea Y.Miyoshi j.Rae L.Ren F.sigernes E.spanswick K.sterne A.steuwer t.sun M.-t.Walach B.Walsh C.Wang j.Weygand j.Wild j.Yan j.Zhang Q.-H.Zhang Planetary sciences Group School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of LeicesterUniversity RoadLeicesterLE17RHUK Rutherford Appleton Laboratory space Science Technology Facilities CouncilOxfordshireUK school of space and Environment Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Key Laboratory of space Environment Monitoring and Information Processing Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyBeijing 100017China Department of space and Climate Physics UCLMullard Space Science LaboratoryHolmbury St.MaryDorkingSurreyRH56NTUK Birkeland Centre for space science Department of Physics and Technology.University of BergenBergenNorway Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Calgary2500 University DriveCalgaryAlbertaCanada T2N 1N4 British Antarctic survey CambridgeUK swedish Institute of space Physics KirunaSweden West Highfield Campus University of SouthamptonUniversity RoadSO171BJUK Goddard space Flight Center NASAGreenbeltMarylandUSA Athabasca University AthabascaCanada EstEC European Space AgencyNetherlands University of saskatchewan SaskatoonCanada the johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory LaurelMarylandUSA swedish Institude of space Physics UppsalaSE 75121Sweden tongji University Shanghai 200092China Center for space Plasma Physics Space Science Institute4765 Walnut Street Suite BBoulderColorado80301USA Polar Research Institute of China Shanghai 200136China Finnish Meteorological Institute(FMI) Finland Department of Earth and Environmental sciences(Geophysics) Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich(LMU)MunichTheresienstr.41MunichD-80333Germany Canadian space Agency MontrealCanada GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences PotsdamGermany Nagoya University Institute for Space Earth Environment ResearchCenter for Integrated Data ScienceNagoyaAichiJP 464-8601 Northumbria University Newcastle upon TyneTyne and WearUK NE18ST National space science Center Chinese Academy SciencesBeijing 100190China Arctic Geophysics University Centre in Svalbard

the joint European space Agency and Chinese Academy of sciences solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(sMILE)mission will explore global dynamics of the magnetosphere under varying solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field conditions,and simultaneously monitor the auroral response of the Northern Hemisphere ionosphere.Combining these large-scale responses with medium and fine-scale measurements at a variety of cadences by additional ground-based and space-based instruments will enable a much greater scientific impact beyond the original goals of the sMILE mission.Here,we describe current community efforts to prepare for sMILE,and the benefits and context various experiments that have explicitly expressed support for sMILE can offer.A dedicated group of international scientists representing many different experiment types and geographical locations,the Ground-based and Additional science Working Group,is facilitating these efforts.Preparations include constructing an online sMILE Data Fusion Facility,the discussion of particular or special modes for experiments such as coherent and incoherent scatter radar,and the consideration of particular observing strategies and spacecraft conjunctions.We anticipate growing interest and community engagement with the sMILE mission,and we welcome novel ideas and insights from the solar-terrestrial community.

关键词： magnetosphere ionosphere magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling ground-based experimentation sMILE conjunctions missions

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Interaction of photons with silver and indium nuclei at energies up to 20 Mev

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第2期48卷 135-140页

作者： j.H.Khushvaktov M.A.Demichev D.L.Demin s.A.Evseev M.I.Gostkin v.v.Kobets F.A.Rasu-lova s.v.Rozov E.t.Ruziev A.A.solnyshkin t.N.tran E.A.Yakushev B.s.Yuldashev joint Institute for Nuclear Research(jINR) DubnaRussia Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Academy of sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan(INP AsRU) TashkentUzbekistan Institute of Physics of the vietnam Academy of science and technology(IP vAst) HanoiVietnam

the yields of photonuclear reactions in the 107Ag,113In,and 115In nuclei were measured.Monte Carlo simulations were performed using the Geant4 code,and the results were compared with the experimental values.the isomeric ratios of the yields in the reactions 107Ag(γ,n)106m,gAg and 113In(γ,m)112m,gIn were determined,and the cross sections for the reactions 107Ag(γ,n)106gAg and 107Ag(γ,2n)105Ag at an energy of 20 Mev were calculated based on the experimental data.

关键词： 107Ag(γ,n)10mgAg and I13In(γ,n)12m-2In reactions cross section yield isomeric ratio simula-tion Geant4 tALYs

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Metabolic syndrome and the urinary microbiome of patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy

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Asian journal of Urology 2024年第2期11卷 316-323页

作者： Ryan A.Dornbier Chirag P.Doshi shalin C.Desai Petar Bajic Michelle van Kuiken Mark Khemmani Ahmer v.Farooq Larissa Bresler thomas M.t.turk Alan j.Wolfe Kristin G.Baldea Loyola University Medical Center Department of UrologyMaywoodILUSA Loyola University Chicago Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyMaywoodILUSA

Objective:to identify possible stone-promoting microbes,we compared the profiles of microbes grown from stones of patients with and without metabolic syndrome(Mets).the association between Mets and urinary stone disease is well established,but the exact pathophysiologic relationship remains unknown.Recent evidence suggests urinary tract dysbiosis may lead to increased nephrolithiasis risk.Methods:At the time of percutaneous nephrolithotomy,bladder urine and stone fragments were collected from patients with and without Mets.Both sample types were subjected to expanded quantitative urine culture(EQUC)and 16 s ribosomal RNA gene sequencing.Results:Fifty-seven patients included 12 controls(21.1%)and 45 Mets patients(78.9%).Both cohorts were similar with respect to demographics and non-Mets comorbidities.No controls had uric acid stone composition.By EQUC,bacteria were detected more frequently in Mets stones(42.2%)compared to controls(8.3%)(p=0.041).Bacteria also were more abundant in stones of Mets patients compared to controls.to validate our EQUC results,we performed 16 s ribosomal RNA gene sequencing.In 12/16(75.0%)sequence-positive stones,EQUC reliably isolated at least one species of the sequenced genera.Bacteria were detected in both“infectious”and“non-infectious”stone compositions.Conclusion:Bacteria are more common and more abundant in Mets stones than control stones.Our findings support a role for bacteria in urinary stone disease for patients with Mets regardless of stone composition.

关键词： Nephrolithiasis Urolithiasis Metabolic syndrome Urinary microbiome Percutaneous nephrolithotomy

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stCF conceptual design report (volume 1): Physics & detector

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Frontiers of physics 2024年第1期19卷 1-154页

作者： M.Achasov X.C.Ai L.P.An R.Aliberti Q.An X.Z.Bai Y.Bai O.Bakina A.Barnyakov v.Blinov v.Bobrovnikov D.Bodrov A.Bogomyagkov A.Bondar I.Boyko Z.H.Bu F.M.Cai H.Cai j.j.Cao Q.H.Cao X.Cao Z.Cao Q.Chang K.t.Chao D.Y.Chen H.Chen H.X.Chen j.F.Chen K.Chen L.L.Chen P.Chen s.L.Chen s.M.Chen s.Chen s.P.Chen W.Chen X.Chen X.F.Chen X.R.Chen Y.Chen Y.Q.Chen H.Y.Cheng j.Cheng s.Cheng t.G.Cheng j.P.Dai L.Y.Dai X.C.Dai D.Dedovich A.Denig I.Denisenko j.M.Dias D.Z.Ding L.Y.Dong W.H.Dong v.Druzhinin D.s.Du Y.j.Du Z.G.Du L.M.Duan D.Epifanov Y.L.Fan s.s.Fang Z.j.Fang G.Fedotovich C.Q.Feng X.Feng Y.t.Feng j.L.Fu j.Gao Y.N.Gao P.s.Ge C.Q.Geng L.s.Geng A.Gilman L.Gong t.Gong B.Gou W.Gradl j.L.Gu A.Guevara L.C.Gui A.Q.Guo F.K.Guo j.C.Guo j.Guo Y.P.Guo Z.H.Guo A.Guskov K.L.Han L.Han M.Han X.Q.Hao j.B.He s.Q.He X.G.He Y.L.He Z.B.He Z.X.Heng B.L.Hou t.j.Hou Y.R.Hou C.Y.Hu H.M.Hu K.Hu R.j.Hu W.H.Hu X.H.Hu Y.C.Hu j.Hua G.s.Huang j.s.Huang M.Huang Q.Y.Huang W.Q.Huang X.t.Huang X.j.Huang Y.B.Huang Y.s.Huang N.Hüsken v.Ivanov Q.P.ji j.j.jia s.jia Z.K.jia H.B.jiang j.jiang s.Z.jiang j.B.jiao Z.jiao H.j.jing X.L.Kang X.s.Kang B.C.Ke M.Kenzie A.Khoukaz I.Koop E.Kravchenko A.Kuzmin Y.Lei E.Levichev C.H.Li C.Li D.Y.Li F.Li G.Li G.Li H.B.Li H.Li H.N.Li H.j.Li H.L.Li j.M.Li j.Li L.Li L.Li L.Y.Li N.Li P.R.Li R.H.Li s.Li t.Li W.j.Li X.Li X.H.Li X.Q.Li X.H.Li Y.Li Y.Y.Li Z.j.Li H.Liang j.H.Liang Y.t.Liang G.R.Liao L.Z.Liao Y.Liao C.X.Lin D.X.Lin X.s.Lin B.j.Liu C.W.Liu D.Liu F.Liu G.M.Liu H.B.Liu j.Liu j.j.Liu j.B.Liu K.Liu K.Y.Liu K.Liu L.Liu Q.Liu s.B.Liu t.Liu X.Liu Y.W.Liu Y.Liu Y.L.Liu Z.Q.Liu Z.Y.Liu Z.W.Liu I.Logashenko Y.Long C.G.Lu j.X.Lu N.Lu Q.F.Lü Y.Lu Y.Lu Z.Lu P.Lukin F.j.Luo t.Luo X.F.Luo Y.H.Luo H.j.Lyu X.R.Lyu j.P.Ma P.Ma Y.Ma Y.M.Ma F.Maas s.Malde D.Matvienko Z.X.Meng R.Mitchell A.Nefediev Y.Nefedov s.L.Olsen Q.Ouyang P.Pakhlov G.Pakhlova X.Pan Y.Pan E.Passemar Y.P.Pei H.P.Peng L.Peng X.Y.Peng X.j.Peng K.Peters s.Pivovarov E.Pyata B.B.Qi Y.Q.Qi W.B.Qian Y.Qian C.F.Qiao j.j.Qin j.j.Qin L.Q.Qin X.s.Qin t.L.Qiu j.Rademacker C.F.Redmer H.Y.sang Anhui University Hefei 230039China Beihang University Beijing 100191China Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics Novosibirsk 630090Russia CAs Key Laboratory of theoretical Physics Institute of Theoretical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Cavendish Laboratory University of CambridgeJJ Thomson AveCambridge CB30HEUnited Kingdom Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079China Central south University Changsha 410083China China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074China China University of Mining and technology Xuzhou 221116China École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne(EPFL) LausanneSwitzerland Fudan University Shanghai 200433China Goethe University Frankfurt D-60325 Frankfurt am MainGermany Guangxi Normal University Guilin 541004China Guangxi Uninversity Nanning 530004China Hangzhou Institute for Advanced study UCASHangzhou 310024China Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050024China Hebei University Baoding 071002China Hefei University of technology Hefei 230601China Helmholtz Institute Mainz Staudinger Weg 18D-55099 MainzGermany Henan Normal University Xinxiang 453007China Henan University Kaifeng 475004China High Energy Physics Center Chung-Ang UniversitySeoul 06974Korea Higher school of Economy 11 Pokrovsky Bulvar Moscow 109028Russia Huangshan University Huangshan 245000China Hubei University of Automotive technology Shiyan 442002China Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081China Hunan University of science and technology Xiangtan 411201China Hunan University Changsha 410082China Indiana University BloomingtonIndiana 47405USA Inner Mongolia University Hohhot 010021China Institute of Advanced science Facilities Shenzhen 518107China Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Institute of Physics Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan 11529China Institute of theoretical Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China jilin University Changch

the superτ-charm facility(stCF)is an electron–positron collider proposed by the Chinese particle physics community.It is designed to operate in a center-of-mass energy range from 2 to 7 Gev with a peak luminosity of 0.5×10^(35) cm^(–2)·s^(–1) or higher.the stCF will produce a data sample about a factor of 100 larger than that of the presentτ-charm factory—the BEPCII,providing a unique platform for exploring the asymmetry of matter-antimatter(charge-parity violation),in-depth studies of the internal structure of hadrons and the nature of non-perturbative strong interactions,as well as searching for exotic hadrons and physics beyond the standard Model.the stCF project in China is under development with an extensive R&D program.this document presents the physics opportunities at the stCF,describes conceptual designs of the stCF detector system,and discusses future plans for detector R&D and physics case studies.

关键词： electron–positron collider tau-charm region high luminosity stCF detector conceptual design

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Universal silicon ring resonator for error-free transmission links

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Photonics Research 2024年第4期12卷 701-711页

作者： jUNBO ZHU WEIWEI ZHANG KE LI BHARAt PANt MARtIN EBERt XINGZHAO YAN MEHDI BANAKAR DEHN t.tRAN CALLUM G.LIttLEjOHNs FUWAN GAN GRAHAM REED DAvID j.tHOMsON Optoelectronics Research Centre University of SouthamptonSouthampton SO171BJUK National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200050China University of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049China Peng Cheng Laboratory ShenzhenChina

We report the design, fabrication, and characterization of a universal silicon PN junction ring resonator for C band error-free communication links operated up to 50 Gb/s with co-designed optical modulation and detection performance. the universal p-n junction ring device shows co-designed detection responsivity up to 0.84 A/W, in conjunction with a modulation efficiency of -4 v·mm and>8 d B optical modulation extinction ratio, enabling C band 50 Gb/s NRZ communication link with a bit error rate≤3×10^(-12).

关键词： Gb/s resonator communication

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Performance and calibration of quark/gluon-jet taggers using 140 fb^(-1) of pp collisions at √s=13 tev with the AtLAs detector

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第2期48卷 1-25页

作者： G. Aad B. Abbott K. Abeling N.j. Abicht s.H. Abidi A. Aboulhorma H. Abramowicz H. Abreu Y. Abulaiti B.s. Acharya C. Adam Bourdarios L. Adamczyk s.v. Addepalli M.j. Addison j. Adelman A. Adiguzel t. Adye A.A. Affolder Y. Afik M.N. Agaras j. Agarwala A. Aggarwal C. Agheorghiesei A. Ahmad F. Ahmadov W.s. Ahmed s. Ahuja X. Ai G. Aielli A. Aikot M. Ait tamlihat B. Aitbenchikh I. Aizenberg M. Akbiyik t.P.A. Åkesson A.v. Akimov D. Akiyama N.N. Akolkar K. Al Khoury G.L. Alberghi j. Albert P. Albicocco G.L. Albouy s. Alderweireldt M. Aleksa I.N. Aleksandrov C. Alexa t. Alexopoulos F. Alfonsi M. Algren M. Alhroob B. Ali H.M.j. Ali s. Ali s.W. Alibocus M. Aliev G. Alimonti W. Alkakhi C. Allaire B.M.M. Allbrooke j.F. Allen C.A. Allendes Flores P.P. Allport A. Aloisio F. Alonso C. Alpigiani M. Alvarez Estevez A. Alvarez Fernandez M. Alves Cardoso M.G. Alviggi M. Aly Y. Amaral Coutinho A. Ambler C. Amelung M. Amerl C.G. Ames D. Amidei s.P. Amor Dos santos K.R. Amos v. Ananiev C. Anastopoulos t. Andeen j.K. Anders s.Y. Andrean A. Andreazza s. Angelidakis A. Angerami A.v. Anisenkov A. Annovi C. Antel M.t. Anthony E. Antipov M. Antonelli F. Anulli M. Aoki t. Aoki j.A. Aparisi Pozo M.A. Aparo L. Aperio Bella C. Appelt A. Apyan N. Aranzabal s.j. Arbiol val C. Arcangeletti A.t.H. Arce E. Arena j-F. Arguin s. Argyropoulos j.-H. Arling O. Arnaez H. Arnold G. Artoni H. Asada K. Asai s. Asai N.A. Asbah j. Assahsah K. Assamagan R. Astalos s. Atashi R.j. Atkin M. Atkinson H. Atmani P.A. Atmasiddha K. Augsten s. Auricchio A.D. Auriol v.A. Austrup G. Avolio K. Axiotis G. Azuelos D. Babal H. Bachacou K. Bachas A. Bachiu F. Backman A. Badea P. Bagnaia M. Bahmani A.j. Bailey v.R. Bailey j.t. Baines L. Baines O.K. Baker E. Bakos D. Bakshi Gupta v. Balakrishnan R. Balasubramanian E.M. Baldin P. Balek E. Ballabene F. Balli L.M. Baltes W.K. Balunas j. Balz E. Banas M. Bandieramonte A. Bandyopadhyay s. Bansal L. Barak M. Barakat E.L. Barberio D. Barberis M. Barbero M.Z. Barel K.N. Barends t. Barillari M-s. Barisits t. Barklow P. Baron D.A. Baron Mo the AtLAs Collaboration

the identification of jets originating from quarks and gluons,often referred to as quark/gluon tagging,plays an important role in various analyses performed at the Large Hadron Collider,as standard Model measurements and searches for new particles decaying to quarks often rely on suppressing a large gluon-induced background.this paper describes the measurement of the efficiencies of quark/gluon taggers developed within the AtLAs Collaboration,using √s=13 tev proton–proton collision data with an integrated luminosity of 140 fb^(-1) collected by the AtLAs experiment.two taggers with high performances in rejecting jets from gluon over jets from quarks are studied:one tagger is based on requirements on the number of inner-detector tracks associated with the jet,and the other combines several jet substructure observables using a boosted decision tree.A method is established to determine the quark/gluon fraction in data,by using quark/gluon-enriched subsamples defined by the jet pseudorapidity.Differences in tagging efficiency between data and simulation are provided for jets with transverse momentum between 500 Gev and 2 tev and for multiple tagger working points.

关键词： AtLAs jEt QUARK GLUON tAGGING

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由超拍电子伏特加速器产生的超高能伽马射线气泡

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science Bulletin 2024年第4期69卷 449-457页

作者： LHAAsO Collaboration Zhen Cao Chuandong Gao Cong Li Ruo-Yu Liu Ruizhi Yang 不详 Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics&Experimental Physics Division&Computing Center Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049China tIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center ChengduChina Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary science Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China school of Astronomy and space science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China University of science and technology of China Hefei 230026China

We report the detection of aγ-ray bubble spanning at least 100deg2 in ultra-high energy(UHE)up to a few Pev in the direction of the star-forming region Cygnus X,implying the presence super Pevatron(s)accelerating protons to at least 10 Pev.A log-parabola form with the photon indexΓ(E)=(2.71±0.02)+(0.11±0.02)×log10(E/10 tev)is found fitting the gamma-ray energy spectrum of the bubble well.UHE sources,“hot spots”correlated with very massive molecular clouds,and a quasi-spherical amorphousγ-ray emitter with a sharp central brightening are observed in the bubble.In the core of~0.5°,spatially associating with a region containing massive OB association(Cygnus OB2)and a microquasar(Cygnus X-3),as well as previously reported multi-tev sources,an enhanced concentration of UHEγ-rays is observed with 2 photons at energies above 1 Pev.the general feature of the bubble,the morphology,and the energy spectrum,are reasonably reproduced by the assumption of a particle accelerator in the core,continuously injecting protons into the ambient medium.

关键词： Cosmic rays γ-rays Interstellar medium star cluster

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vented Individual Patient(vIP)Hoods for the Control of Infectious Airborne Diseases in Healthcare Facilities

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Engineering 2022年第8期8卷 126-132页

作者： j.Patel F.McGain t.Bhatelia s.Wang B.sun j.Monty v.Pareek CsIRO Energy MelbourneVIC 3169Australia Western Health MelbourneVIC 3021Australia school of Public Health The University of SydneySydneyNSW 2006Australia Centre for Integrated Critical Care The University of MelbourneMelbourneVIC 3010Australia the Western Australian school of Mines:Minerals Energy and Chemical EngineeringCurtin UniversityPerthWA 6102Australia Department of Mechanical Engineering City University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of MelbourneMelbourneVIC 3010Australia

By providing a means of separating the airborne emissions of patients from the air breathed by healthcare workers(HCWs),vented individual patient(vIP)hoods,a form of local exhaust ventilation(LEv),offer a new approach to reduce hospital-acquired infection(HAI).Results from recent studies have demonstrated that,for typical patient-emitted aerosols,vIP hoods provide protection at least equivalent to that of an N95 mask.Unlike a mask,hood performance can be easily monitored and HCWs can be alerted to failure by alarms.the appropriate use of these relatively simple devices could both reduce the reliance on personal protective equipment(PPE)for infection control and provide a low-cost and energy-efficient form of protection for hospitals and clinics.Although the development and deployment of vIP hoods has been accelerated by the coronavirus disease 2019(COvID-19)pandemic,these devices are currently an immature technology.In this review,we describe the state of the art of vIP hoods and identify aspects in need of further development,both in terms of device design and the protocols associated with their use.the broader concept of individual patient hoods has the potential to be expanded beyond ventilation to the provision of clean conditions for individual patients and personalized control over other environmental factors such as temperature and humidity.

关键词： COvID-19 vented individual patient hood Airborne transmission Healthcare worker Infectious disease

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