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Brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling in the neuromuscular junction during developmental axonal competition and synapse elimination

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 394-401页

作者： Josep Tomàs Víctor Cilleros-Mañé Laia Just-Borràs Marta Balanyà-segura Aleksandra Polishchuk Laura Nadal Marta Tomàs Carolina silvera-simón Manel M.santafé Maria A.Lanuza Unitat d’Histologia i Neurobiologia(UHNeurob) Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la SalutUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliReusSpain

During the development of the nervous system,there is an overproduction of neurons and *** competition between neighboring nerve endings and synapses performing different activity levels leads to their elimination or *** have extensively studied the involvement of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor-Tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor neurotrophic retrograde pathway,at the neuromuscular junction,in the axonal development and synapse elimination process versus the synapse *** purpose of this review is to describe the neurotrophic influence on developmental synapse elimination,in relation to other molecular pathways that we and others have found to regulate this *** particular,we summarize our published results based on transmitter release analysis and axonal counts to show the different involvement of the presynaptic acetylcholine muscarinic autoreceptors,coupled to downstream serine-threonine protein kinases A and C(PKA and PKC)and voltage-gated calcium channels,at different nerve endings in developmental *** dynamic changes that occur simultaneously in several nerve terminals and synapses converge across a postsynaptic site,influence each other,and require careful studies to individualize the mechanisms of specific *** describe an activity-dependent balance(related to the extent of transmitter release)between the presynaptic muscarinic subtypes and the neurotrophin-mediated TrkB/p75NTR pathways that can influence the timing and fate of the competitive interactions between the different axon *** downstream displacement of the PKA/PKC activity ratio to lower values,both in competing nerve terminals and at postsynaptic sites,plays a relevant role in controlling the elimination of supernumerary ***,calcium entry through L-and P/Q-subtypes of voltage-gated calcium channels(both channels are present,together with the N-type channel in developing nerve terminals)contributes to red

关键词： acetylcholine release adenosine receptors axonal competition brain-derived neurotrophic factor calcium channels motor end-plate muscarinic acetylcholine receptors postnatal synapse elimination serine kinases tropomyosin-related kinase receptorB

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Women in visual neural regeneration research

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 489-490页

作者： Tonia s.Rex David J.Calkins Vanderbilt Eye Institute Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA

The year 2024 marks the 60^(th)anniversary of Title IX and 25 years since the New York Times revealed bias against female faculty members at the Massachusetts Institute of *** take an opportunity here to examine the state of gender bias in a relatively new yet already prominent field,neural regeneration in the visual system,for which there is a well-defined context useful for this *** National Eye Institute(NEI)provided the first round of research funding for its Audacious Goals Initiative(AGI)on visual neural regeneration in 2013 and the last round in ***,we focus on this *** sources included PubMed,the National science Foundation(NsF),the NEI,the Blue Ridge Institute for Medical Research and data from the major professional organization for eye and vision research,the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology(ARVO).

关键词： neural visual Times

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Unlocking hypoglycemia–associated brain microvascular dysfunction:critical insights from proteomic analysis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1707-1708页

作者： siva s.V.P.sakamuri Anil sakamuri Department of Chemistry Auburn University at MontgomeryMontgomeryALUSA Vascular Biology Center and Department of Medicine Medical College of Georgia at Augusta UniversityAugustaGAUSA

Hypoglycemia-a critical complication linked to worsened brain function in diabetic subjects:Hypoglycemia is characterized by a decline in circulatory glucose levels below sta nda rd physiological *** hypoglycemia,classified as level 1 hypoglycemia,is defined by blood glucose levels below 70 mg/dL and can be effectively addressed through carbohydrate *** hypoglycemia,denoted by blood glucose levels less than 54 mg/dL,poses a life-threatening risk if left *** with type 1 and type 2 diabetes undergoing insulin treatment are particularly susceptible to hypoglycemia due to impaired counterregulatory mechanisms.

关键词： impaired intake critical

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Touristic urbanization and greening of coastal dune fields:A long-term assessment of a temperate sandy barrier of Argentina

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Journal of Geographical sciences 2025年第1期35卷 206-230页

作者： GARZO Pedro Andrés DADON JoséRoberto IsLA Federico Ignacio Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras(IIMyC-CONICET/UNMDP) Av.Juan B.Justo 2550Mar del Plata7600Buenos AiresArgentina Instituto de Geología de Costas y del Cuaternario Dr.Enrique J.schnack(IGCC-CIC/UNMDP) Funes 3350Mar del Plata7600Buenos AiresArgentina Facultad de Arquitectura Diseño y UrbanismoCentro de Investigaciones Gestión de Espacios Costeros(GEC-FADU/UBA)Universidad de Buenos AiresIntendente Güiraldes 2160Pabellón ⅢPiso 4Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires1428Argentina Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET) Buenos AiresArgentina

Dune barrier systems represent highly sought-after coastal landscapes for tourism and urban development around the ***,a century ago,they were considered hazardous environments due to their great dynamic *** a result,stabilization practices were considered *** systematic introduction of fast-growing exotic trees helped stabilize the sand,making it easier for tourism urbanization to take place,but also leading to erosion *** paper aims to assess long-term changes in vegetation cover over a large temperate barrier in *** complex region includes urban resorts,afforestation zones,and protected areas.A GIs-based geospatial analysis was conducted using a large satellite database(>350 images),and the future evolution of the vegetation was *** results revealed two primary spatiotemporal patterns associated with a gradual expansion of vegetation cover,accompanied by a concurrent reduction in sandy *** 1986,the dune area comprised 75%more surface than vegetation,whereas in 2021,it represented 60%less than ***,the 2050 scenario suggests a potential 40%reduction of dunes in certain *** is necessary to enhance management actions aimed at maintaining dune mobility and ensuring local and regional sediment ***-term management strategies must focus on restoring native plant communities and controlling invasive species,and avoiding new dune fixation initiatives based on the introduction of exotic species.

关键词： nature reserves afforestation sediment balance dune management NDVI

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The deflection angle and quasi-periodic oscillations of an extended gravitational decoupled black hole solution

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2025年第2期77卷 132-147页

作者： Farzan Mushtaq Xia Tiecheng Allah Ditta G Mustafa s K Maurya Department of Mathematics Shanghai University and Newtouch Center for Mathematics of Shanghai University Department of Physics Zhejiang Normal University Research Center of Astrophysics and Cosmology Khazar University Department of Mathematical and Physical sciences College of Arts and Sciences University of Nizwa

In weak field limits, we compute the deflection angle of a gravitational decoupling extended black hole(BH) solution. We obtained the Gaussian optical curvature by examining the null geodesic equations with the help of Gauss–Bonnet theorem(GBT). We also looked into the deflection angle of light by a black hole in weak field limits with the use of the Gibbons–Werner method. We verify the graphical behavior of the black hole after determining the deflection angle of light. Additionally, in the presence of the plasma medium, we also determine the deflection angle of the light and examine its graphical behavior. Furthermore, we compute the Einstein ring via gravitational decoupling extended black hole solution. We also compute the quasi-periodic oscillations and discuss their graphical behavior.

关键词： deflection of light Gauss-Bonnet theorem gravitational decoupling

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semantic segmentation of Lumbar Vertebrae Using Meijering U-Net(MU-Net)on spine Magnetic Resonance Images

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & sciences 2025年第1期142卷 733-757页

作者： Lakshmi s V V shiloah Elizabeth Darmanayagam sunil Retmin Raj Cyril Department of Computer science and Engineering College of Engineering GuindyAnna UniversityChennai600025India Department of Information Technology Madras Institute of TechnologyAnna UniversityChrompetChennai600044India

Lower back pain is one of the most common medical problems in the world and it is experienced by a huge percentage of people *** to its ability to produce a detailed view of the soft tissues,including the spinal cord,nerves,intervertebral discs,and vertebrae,Magnetic Resonance Imaging is thought to be the most effective method for imaging the *** semantic segmentation of vertebrae plays a major role in the diagnostic process of lumbar *** is difficult to semantically partition the vertebrae in Magnetic Resonance Images from the surrounding variety of tissues,including muscles,ligaments,and intervertebral discs.U-Net is a powerful deep-learning architecture to handle the challenges of medical image analysis tasks and achieves high segmentation *** work proposes a modified U-Net architecture namely MU-Net,consisting of the Meijering convolutional layer that incorporates the Meijering filter to perform the semantic segmentation of lumbar vertebrae L1 to L5 and sacral vertebra ***-colour mask images were generated and used as ground truth for training the *** work has been carried out on 1312 images expanded from T1-weighted mid-sagittal MRI images of 515 patients in the Lumbar spine MRI Dataset publicly available from Mendeley *** proposed MU-Net model for the semantic segmentation of the lumbar vertebrae gives better performance with 98.79%of pixel accuracy(PA),98.66%of dice similarity coefficient(DsC),97.36%of Jaccard coefficient,and 92.55%mean Intersection over Union(mean IoU)metrics using the mentioned dataset.

关键词： Computer aided diagnosis(CAD) magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) semantic segmentation lumbar vertebrae deep learning U-Net model

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Impact of Zika virus non-structural protein mutations on hippocampal damage

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2307-2308页

作者： Larissa M.G.Cassiano Roney s.Coimbra Neurogenômica/Imunopatologia Instituto RenéRachouFiocruzBelo HorizonteBrazil Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia Instituto de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteBrazil

The Zika virus(ZIKV),a member of the Flaviviridae family,attracted worldwide attention for its connection to severe neurological effects,notably microcephaly in newborns,first reported during the 2015 epidemic in ***,its impact goes beyond fetal and neonatal abnormalities,also affecting the central nervous system(CNs)in both children and adults,leading to enduring cognitive and behavioral impairments.

关键词： damage fetal neonatal

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Concurrent generation and amplification of longitudinal and bending waves using defective phononic crystals

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2025年第2期46卷 269-288页

作者： s.H.JO Department of Mechanical Robotics and Energy Engineering Dongguk University

Defective phononic crystals (PnCs) have enabled spatial localization and quantitative amplification of elastic wave energy. Most previous research has focused on applications such as narrow-bandpass filters, ultrasonic sensors, and piezoelectric energy harvesters, typically operating under the assumption of an external elastic wave incidence. Recently, a novel approach that uses defective PnCs as ultrasonic actuators to generate amplified waves has emerged. However, the existing studies are limited to the generation of either longitudinal or bending waves, with no research addressing the concurrent generation of both. Hence, this paper proposes a straightforward methodology for the concurrent generation and amplification of both wave types utilizing defect modes at independent defect-band frequencies. Bimorph piezoelectric elements are attached to the defect, with each element connected to independent external voltage sources. By precisely adjusting the magnitude and temporal phase differences between the voltage sources, concurrently amplified wave generation is achieved. The paper highlights the advantages of the proposed analytical model. This model is both computationally timeefficient and accurate, in comparison with the COMsOL simulation results. For instance,in case studies, the analytical model reduces the computational time from one hour to mere seconds, while maintaining acceptable error rates of 1%in peak frequencies. This concurrent wave-generation methodology opens new avenues for applications in rotating machinery fault diagnosis, structural health monitoring, and medical imaging.

关键词： phononic crystal (PnC) defect concurrent generation piezoelectric ultrasonic actuator O328 O346

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Hepatitis B virus infection and metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease:Rising pandemic with complex interaction

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World Journal of Hepatology 2025年第1期17卷 172-175页

作者： Ammara A Majeed Amna s Butt Department of Medicine Aga Khan University HospitalKarachi 74800Pakistan

Due to sedentary lifestyle and rising prevalence of obesity,patients with general population and those who are infected with chronic hepatitis B are found to have metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease(MAsLD).Both chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection and MAsLD can damage hepatocytes in their own way,but concomitant HBV-MAsLD has its own clinical *** on top is the presence of diabetes mellitus,hypertension or obesity which added more chances of unfavorable outcomes in these *** this article,we co-mment on the article by Wang et al published in the recent *** article provides a comprehensive overview of the complex interaction between HBV-MAsLD,HBV alone and MAsLD alone *** discuss key findings from recent studies,including the promising outcomes observed in patients with concurrent HBV and MAsLD,warrants further *** insights presented here offer renewed understanding of this complex interaction.

关键词： Chronic hepatitis B virus infection Obesity Metabolic syndrome Liver fibrosis steatotic liver disease

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Bridging the gap:The role of technological advances in shaping gastrointestinal oncological outcomes

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2025年第3期17卷 29-37页

作者： Nuno J G Rama Inês sousa Division of Colorectal surgical Leiria Hospital CentreLeiria 2410-021Portugal Department of surgical Leiria Hospital CentreLeiria 2410-021Portugal

Gastrointestinal(GI)cancers are highly prevalent and considered a major global health *** approach has undergone a remarkable transformation over the past years due to the development of new technologies that enabled better outcomes regarding their diagnosis and *** include artificial intelligence,robotics,next-generation sequencing and personalized ***,the integration of these advances into everyday clinical practice remains complex and challenging as we are still trying to figure out if these innovations tangibly improve oncological outcomes or if the current state of art should remain as the gold standard for the treatment of these ***,there are also some issues regarding ethical subjects,data privacy,finances and *** surgery concept has evolved considerably over the past decades,especially for oncological *** aims to customize medical treatments and to operate on those patients who most likely will benefit from a specific surgical *** the future,to improve GI oncological outcomes,a delicate balance between technological advances adoption and evidence-based care should be *** we move forward,the question will be to harness the power of innovation while keeping up the highest standards of patient care.

关键词： Technology Innovation Gastrointestinal oncology Outcomes Artificial intelligence Precision surgery

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