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Dual color optogenetic control of neural populations using low-noise,multishank optoelectrodes

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2018年第1期4卷 309-324页

作者： Komal Kampasi Daniel F.English John seymour Eran stark sam McKenzie Mihály Vöröslakos György Buzsáki Kensall D.Wise Euisik Yoon Department of Biomedical Engineering University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48105USA Center for Micro and Nanotechnology Lawrence Livermore National LaboratoryLivermoreCA 94550USA NYU Neuroscience Institute School of MedicineEast River Science ParkAlexandria Center450 East 29th St9th FloorNew YorkNY 10016USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer science University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48105USA Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv University69978 Tel AvivIsrael sagol school of Neuroscience Tel Aviv University69978 Tel AvivIsrael

Optogenetics allows for optical manipulation of neuronal activity and has been increasingly combined with intracellular and extracellular electrophysiological ***-identified classes of neurons are optically manipulated,though the versatility of optogenetics would be increased if independent control of distinct neural populations could be achieved on a sufficient spatial and temporal *** report a scalable multisite optoelectrode design that allows simultaneous optogenetic control of two spatially intermingled neuronal populations in *** describe the design,fabrication,and assembly of low-noise,multisite/multicolor *** shank of the four-shank assembly is monolithically integrated with 8 recording sites and a dualcolor waveguide mixer with a 7×30μm cross-section,coupled to 405 nm and 635 nm injection laser diodes(ILDs)via gradient-index(GRIN)lenses to meet optical and thermal design *** better understand noise on the recording channels generated during diode-based activation,we developed a lumped-circuit modeling approach for EMI coupling mechanisms and used it to limit artifacts to amplitudes under 100μV upto an optical output power of 450μ*** implanted the packaged devices into the CA1 pyramidal layer of awake mice,expressing Channelrhodopsin-2 in pyramidal cells and ChrimsonR in paravalbumin-expressing interneurons,and achieved optical excitation of each cell type using sub-mW *** highlight the potential use of this technology for functional dissection of neural circuits.

关键词： waveguide mixer neural

A CONsERVATIVE VIEW OF RADIAL KERATOTOMY

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眼科学报 1991年第3期7卷 130-139页

作者： steven Olkowski Walter J.stark John D.Gottsch Gerri Goodman Daniel Goodman A.E.Maumenee Ivan Esente The Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute The Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMaryland 21205U.S.A.

It has been known for almost a century that radial keratotomy(RK)will flatten the cornea and reduce *** the introduction of radial keratotomy(RK)in the United states by Bores in 1978,there have been many published studies documenting the effects of this *** *** radial keratotomy today are not only quantitative but also qualitative in *** know this technique can flatten the cornea,but how reliably can the results be predicted?

关键词：件号

VIsUAL DIsABILITIEs RELATED TO INTRAOCULAR LENs DEsIGN

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Eye science 1990年第Z1期15卷 36-39页

作者： Gerri Goodman Walter J.stark John D.Gottsch Daniel Goodman steven Olkowski A.E.Maumenee Ivan Escape Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute Johns Hopkins University school of Medccine Baltimore Maryland U. S. A.

Intraoeular. lens implantation after cataract extraction has become a common practice in the United states. However, unwanted optical images can correet an otherwise successful surgery into one that causes patient dissatisfaction. Refinements in manufacturing design and finishing have greatly improved the quality of present day intraocular lenses, but there is continued interest in simulating the optics of the human crystalline *** will discuss the optical requirements of intraocular lenses and how these are influenced by optic design and dimension, and spectral transmission characteristics.

关键词： intraocular cataract otherwise implantation crystalline optic VIsUAL continued finishing aberration

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眼内晶体植入适应症的变化

眼科学报 1986年第1期2卷 26-32页

作者： WalterJ.stark ArloC.Terry A.EdwardMaumenee The Wilmer Institute Johns Hopkins Hospital U.s.A. The Wilmer Institute Johns Hopkins Hospital U.s.A. The Wilmer Institute Johns Hopkins Hospital U.s.A.

白内障是世界上一百多个国家中致盲的重要原因,也是美国第三位的致盲原因。因此,白内障成为一个重要的公共卫生问题。1984年,美国施行了700,000多例白内障手术,而且85%以上同时作了眼内晶体植入。虽则白内障手术高度成功,但黄斑囊样水... 详细信息

白内障是世界上一百多个国家中致盲的重要原因,也是美国第三位的致盲原因。因此,白内障成为一个重要的公共卫生问题。1984年,美国施行了700,000多例白内障手术,而且85%以上同时作了眼内晶体植入。虽则白内障手术高度成功,但黄斑囊样水肿和角膜水肿等并发症仍然是个问题。本报告将指出当前美国眼内晶体植入的方向,并阐述在 Wilmer 研究所作的2500多例眼内晶体植入及那些报告给美国食品、药物管理处的病例的结果。

关键词：晶体植入眼内 IOL 适应症

Hordedane diterpenoid phytoalexins restrict Fusarium graminearum infection but enhance Bipolaris sorokiniana colonization of barley roots

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Molecular Plant 2024年第8期17卷 1307-1327页

作者： Yaming Liu Dario Esposto Lisa K.Mahdi Andrea Porzel Pauline stark Hidayat Hussain Anja scherr-Henning simon Isfort Ulschan.Bathe Ivan F.Acosta Alga Zuccaro Gerd U.Balcke Alain Tissier Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology Leibniz Institute of Plant BiochemistryHalleGermany Institute for Plant sciences Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences(CEPLAS)Cologne BiocenterUniversity of CologneCologneGermany Department of Bioorganic Chemistry Leibniz Institute of Plant BiochemistryHalleGermany Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research CologneGermany Horticultural sciences University of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA.

Plant immunity is a multilayered process that includes recognition of patterns or effectors from pathogens to elicit defense *** include the induction of a cocktail of defense metabolites that typically restrict pathogen ***,we investigate the interaction between barley roots and the fungal pathogens Bipolaris sorokiniana(Bs)and Fusarium graminearum(Fg)at the metabolite *** identify hordedanes,a previously undescribed set of labdane-related diterpenoids with antimicrobial properties,as critical players in these *** of barley roots by Bs and Fg elicits hordedane synthesis from a 60o-kb gene *** reconstruction of the biosynthesis pathway in yeast and Nicotiana benthamiana produced several hordedanes,including one of the most functionally decorated products 19-β-hydroxy-hordetrienoic acid(19-OH-HTA).Barley mutants in the diterpene synthase genes of this cluster are unable to produce hordedanes but,unexpectedly,show reduced Bs *** contrast,colonization by Fusarium graminearum,another fungal pathogen of barley and wheat,is 4-fold higher in the mutants completely lacking ***,19-OH-HTA enhances both germination and growth of Bs,whereas it inhibits other pathogenic fungi,including *** of microscopy and transcriptomics data suggest that hordedanes delay the necrotrophic phase of *** together,these results show that adapted pathogens such as Bs can subvert plant metabolic defenses to facilitate root colonization.

关键词： barley Hordeum vulgare diterpenoid phytoalexins gene cluster pathogenic fungi Bipolaris sorokininiana Fusarium graminearum

Ultra-short-pulse high-average-power megahertz-repetition-rate coherent extreme-ultraviolet light source

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PhotoniX 2021年第1期2卷 439-446页

作者： Robert Klas Alexander Kirsche Martin Gebhardt Joachim Buldt Henning stark steffen Hädrich Jan Rothhardt Jens Limpert Institute of Applied Physics Abbe Center of PhotonicsFriedrich-Schiller-University JenaAlbert-Einstein-Str.1507745 JenaGermany Helmholtz-Institute Jena Fröbelstieg 307743 JenaGermany Active Fiber systems GmbH Ernst-Ruska-Ring 1707745 JenaGermany. Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering Albert-Einstein-Str.707745 JenaGermany.

High harmonic generation(HHG)enables coherent extreme-ultraviolet(XUV)radiation with ultra-short pulse duration in a table-top *** has already enabled a plethora of *** all of these applications would benefit from a high photon flux to increase the signal-to-noise ratio and decrease measurement *** addition,shortest pulses are desired to investigate fastest dynamics in fields as diverse as physics,biology,chemistry and material *** this work,the up-to-date most powerful table-top XUV source with 12.9±3.9mW in a single harmonic line at 26.5 eV is demonstrated via HHG of a frequency-doubled and post-compressed fibre *** the same time the spectrum supports a Fourier-limited pulse duration of sub-6 fs in the XUV,which allows accessing ultrafast dynamics with an order of magnitude higher photon flux than previously *** concept will greatly advance and facilitate applications of XUV radiation in science and technology and enable photonhungry ultrafast studies.

关键词： ultraviolet extreme coherent

The ALMaQUEsT survey ⅩⅤ:The dependence of the molecular-to-atomic gas ratios on resolved optical diagnostics

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science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第9期67卷 174-196页

作者： Niankun Yu Zheng Zheng Chao-Wei Tsai Pei Zuo sara L.Ellison David V.stark Di Li Jingwen Wu Karen L.Masters Ting Xiao Yinghui Zheng Zongnan Li Kai Zhang Hongying Chen shu Liu sihan Jiao Fanyi Meng National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy and Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Institute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 102206China school of Astronomy and space science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Department of Physics&Astronomy University of VictoriaVictoriaV8P 1A1Canada Departments of Physics and Astronomy Haverford CollegeHaverford19041USA space Telescope science Institute San Martin Dr.Baltimore 21218USA Zhejiang Laboratory Hangzhou 311121China New Cornerstone science Laboratory Shenzhen 518054China school of Physics Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China

The atomic-to-molecular gas conversion is a critical step in the baryon cycle of galaxies,which sets the initial conditions for subsequent star formation and influences the multi-phase interstellar *** compiled a sample of 94 nearby galaxies with observations of multi-phase gas contents by utilizing public H_(Ⅰ),CO,and optical IFU data from the Ma NGA survey together with new FAsT H_(Ⅰ)*** agreement with previous results,our sample shows that the global molecular-to-atomic gas ratio(R_(mol)≡log M_(H2)/M_(H_(Ⅰ)))is correlated with the global stellar mass surface densityμ_*with a Kendall'sτcoefficient of 0.25 and pss tightly but still correlated with stellar mass and NUV-r color,and not related to the specific star formation rate(ssFR).The cold gas distribution and kinematics inferred from the H_(Ⅰ)and CO global profile asymmetry and shape do not significantly rely on R_(mol).Thanks to the availability of kpc-scale observations of MaNGA,we decompose galaxies into H_(Ⅱ),composite,and AGN-dominated regions by using the BPT *** increasing R_(mol),the fraction of H_(Ⅱ)regions within 1.5 effective radius decreases slightly;the density distribution in the spatially resolved BPT diagram also changes significantly,suggesting changes in metallicity and ionization *** with high R_(mol)tend to have high oxygen abundance,both at one effective radius with a Kendall'sτcoefficient of 0.37(ps investigated here,the oxygen abundance at one effective radius has the strongest relation with global R_(mol).The dependence of gas conversion on gas distribution and galaxy ionization states is *** contrast,the observed positive relation between oxygen abundance(μ_(*))and R_(mol)indicates that the gas conversion is efficient in regions of high metallicity(density).

关键词： Galaxies baryon cycle radio lines H_(Ⅰ)21 cm atomic-to-molecular gas conversion