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Influence of bio-inspired flow channel designs on the performance of a PEM fuel cell

Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2020年第3期28卷 824-831页

作者： srinivasa Reddy Badduri G.Naga srinivasulu s.srinivasa rao Department of Mechanical Engineering NITWarangalTelangana 506004India

Performance of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC)is appreciably affected by the channel geometry.The branching structure of a plant leaf and human lung is an efficient network to distribute the nutrients in the respective systems.The same nutrient transport system can be mimicked in the flow channel design of a PEMFC,to aid even reactant distribution and better water management.In this work,the effect of bio-inspired flow field designs such as lung and leaf channel design bipolar plates,on the performance of a PEMFC was examined experimentally at various operating conditions.A PEMFC of 49 cm2 area,with a Nafion 212 membrane with a 40%catalyst loading of 0.4 mg·cm-2 on the anode side and also 0.6 mg·cm-2 on the cathode side is assembled by incorporating the bio-inspired channel bipolar plate,and was tested on a programmable fuel-cell test station.The impact of the working parameters like reactants’relative humidity(RH),back pressure and fuel cell temperature on the performance of the fuel cell was examined;the operating pressure remains constant at 0.1 MPa.It was observed that the best performance was attained at a back pressure of 0.3 MPa,75°C operating temperature and 100%RH.The three flow channels were also compared at different operating pressures ranging from 0.1 MPa to 0.3 MPa,and the other parameters such as operating temperature,RH and back pressure were set as 75°C,100%and 0.3 MPa.The experimental outcomes of the PEMFC with bio-inspired channels were compared with the experimental results of a conventional triple serpentine flow field.It was observed that among the different flow channel designs considered,the leaf channel design gives the best output in terms of power density.Further,the experimental results of the leaf channel design were compared with those of the interdigitated leaf channel design.The PEMFC with the interdigitated leaf channel design was found to generate 6.72%more power density than the non-interdigitated leaf channel design.The fuel cell with interdigitated leaf channel d

关键词： PEMFC Interdigitated leaf channel design Bio-inspired flow field design Operating temperature Relative humidity

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Performance evaluation of the incorporation of different wire meshes in between perforated current collectors and membrane electrode assembly on the Passive Direct methanol fuel cell

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2021年第4期34卷 360-367页

作者： Muralikrishna Boni s.srinivasa rao G.Naga srinivasulu Department of Mechanical Engineering National Institute of Technology WarangalWarangalTelanganaIndia

Passive Direct methanol fuel cells(DMFC)are more suitable for charging small capacity electronic devices.In passive DMFC,the fuel and oxidant are supplied by diffusion and natural convection process on the anode and cathode sides respectively.Current collectors(CC)play a vital importance in fuel cell performance.This paper presents the combined impact of perforated and wire mesh current collectors(WMCC)on passive DMFC performance.Three types of open ratios of perforated current collectors(PCC),such as 45.40%,55.40%and 63.40%and two types of wire mesh current collectors with open ratios of 38.70%and 45.40%were chosen for the experimental work.A combination of TaguchiL9 rule is considered.A combination of three PCC and two WMCC on both anode and cathode was used.Methanol concentration was varied from 1 mol·L^(-1)-5 mol·L^(-1)for nine combinations of PCC and WMCC.From the experimental results,it is noticed that the combination of PCC and WMCC with an open ratio of 55.40%and 38.70%incorporated passive DMFC produced peak power density at 5 mol·L^(-1)of methanol concentration.The passive DMFC performance was evaluated in terms of maximum power density and maximum current density.The combined current collectors of PCC and WMCC open ratios of 55.40%+38.70%have more stable voltage than single PCC of open ratio 63.40%at 4 mol·L^(-1)of methanol concentration.

关键词： Passive DMFC Perforated current collector Wire mesh current collector Methanol concentration Fuel cell performance

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Lactobionic Acid as a New synergist in Combination with Phosphonate-Zn(Ⅱ)system for Corrosion Inhibition of Carbon steel

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Journal of Materials science & Technology 2014年第1期30卷 77-89页

作者： s.srinivasa rao B.V.Appa rao s.Roopas Kiran B.sreedhar Department of Chemistry V.R.Siddhartha Engineering College(Autonomous) Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Warangal(NITW) INFN Sezione di Padova Inorganic & Physical Chemistry Division Indian Institute of Chemical Technology(IICT)

studies on lactobionic acid introduced as a synergist in the presence of phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid （PBTC） and zinc ions for corrosion control of carbon steel in aqueous environment are presented. The investigations revealed that lactobionic acid （LBA） acts as an excellent synergist in corrosion inhibition. Optimum concentrations of all the three components of the ternary formulation are established by gravimetric studies. Potentiodynamic polarization studies indicate that the new ternary system is a mixed inhibitor. Impedance studies show that a protective film is formed on the metal surface in the presence of the inhibitor formulation. The film is found to exhibit its protective nature even at higher temperatures up to 60 ~C. Analysis of the protective film by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPs） and reflection absorption Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） spectroscopy infers the presence of Zn（OH）2, oxides and hydroxides of iron and the inhibitor molecules in the surface film probably in the form of a complex, [Zn（II）-PBTC-LBA]. The morphological studies by scanning electron microscopy （sEM） and the topographical studies by atomic force microscopy （AFM） also indicate the presence of protective film on the metal surface. A plausible mechanism of corrosion inhibition is proposed.

关键词： Corrosion inhibitor Carbon steel synergism X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

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Weighted Probability Density Estimator with Updated Bandwidths

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Journal of systems science & Complexity 2024年第2期37卷 886-906页

作者： WU Yi YU Wei WANG Xuejun PRAKAsA rao B L s school of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence Chizhou UniversityChizhou 247000China school of Big Data and statistics Anhui UniversityHefei 230601China CR rao Advanced Institute of Mathematics Statistics and Computer ScienceHyderabad 500046India

In this paper,the authors study a class of weighted version of probability density estimator.It is shown that the weighted estimator contains some existing estimators of probability density,no matter they are recursive or non-recursive.some statistical results including weak consistency,strong consistency,rate of strong consistency,and asymptotic normality are established under some mild conditions.Moreover,the random weighted estimator is also investigated.some numerical simulations and a real data analysis are presented to study the numerical performances of the estimators.

关键词： Asymptotic normality consistency numerical simulation probability density real data analysis updated bandwidths weighted estimator

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Enhanced Hybrid Equilibrium strategy in Fog-Cloud Computing Networks with Optimal Task scheduling

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第5期79卷 2647-2672页

作者： Muchang rao Hang Qin school of Computer science Yangtze UniversityJingzhou434000China

More devices in the Intelligent Internet of Things(AIoT)result in an increased number of tasks that require low latency and real-time responsiveness,leading to an increased demand for computational resources.Cloud computing’s low-latency performance issues in AIoT scenarios have led researchers to explore fog computing as a complementary extension.However,the effective allocation of resources for task execution within fog environments,characterized by limitations and heterogeneity in computational resources,remains a formidable challenge.To tackle this challenge,in this study,we integrate fog computing and cloud computing.We begin by establishing a fog-cloud environment framework,followed by the formulation of a mathematical model for task scheduling.Lastly,we introduce an enhanced hybrid Equilibrium Optimizer(EHEO)tailored for AIoT task scheduling.The overarching objective is to decrease both the makespan and energy consumption of the fog-cloud system while accounting for task deadlines.The proposed EHEO method undergoes a thorough evaluation against multiple benchmark algorithms,encompassing metrics likemakespan,total energy consumption,success rate,and average waiting time.Comprehensive experimental results unequivocally demonstrate the superior performance of EHEO across all assessed metrics.Notably,in the most favorable conditions,EHEO significantly diminishes both the makespan and energy consumption by approximately 50%and 35.5%,respectively,compared to the secondbest performing approach,which affirms its efficacy in advancing the efficiency of AIoT task scheduling within fog-cloud networks.

关键词： Artificial intelligence of things fog computing task scheduling equilibrium optimizer differential evaluation algorithm local search

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Enhancing lithium-sulfur battery performance with In_(2)O_(3)-In_(2)s_(3)@NsC heterostructures:synergistic effects of double barrier and catalytic transformation

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Journal of Materials science & Technology 2024年第2期169卷 105-114页

作者： Deqing He Chunyu Zhu Yutao Huo Zhonghao rao school of Energy and Environmental Engineering Hebei University of TechnologyTianjin 300401China Hebei Key Laboratory of Thermal science and Energy Clean Utilization Hebei University of TechnologyTianjin 300401China school of Low-carbon Energy and Power Engineering China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhou 221116China

The sluggish redox reaction kinetics of lithium polysulfides(LiPss)are considered the main obstacle to the commercial application of lithium-sulfur(Li-s)batteries.To accelerate the conversion by catalysis and inhibit the shuttling of soluble LiPss in Li-s batteries,a solution is proposed in this study.The solution involves fabrication of N,s co-doped carbon coated In_(2)O_(3)/In_(2)s_(3)heterostructure(In_(2)O_(3)-In_(2)s_(3)@NsC)as a multifunctional host material for the cathode.The In_(2)O_(3)-In_(2)s_(3)@NsC composite can reduce the Gibbs free energy for the conversion reactions of LiPss,which results in superior performance.The synergy between different components in In_(2)O_(3)-In_(2)s_(3)@NsC and the unique 3D structure facilitate ion and electron transport in Li-s batteries.The In_(2)O_(3)-In_(2)s_(3)@NsC/Li 2 s 6 cathode exhibits excellent rate capacity,with a capacity of 599 mAh g−1 at 5.5 C,and good cycle stability,with a capacity of 436 mAh g^(−1)after 1000 cycles at 1 C.Overall,this study proposes a promising solution to improve the energy storage properties of Li-s batteries,which could potentially facilitate the commercialization of Li-s batteries.

关键词： Li-s battery Multifunctional host material synergy Heterostructures Energy storage properties

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Recent advances in electrochemical performance of Mg-based electrochemical energy storage materials in supercapacitors:Enhancement and mechanism

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第1期12卷 35-58页

作者： Yuntao Xiao Xinfang Zhang Can Wang Jinsong rao Yuxin Zhang College of Materials science and Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China

The application of Mg-based electrochemical energy storage materials in high performance supercapacitors is an essential step to promote the exploitation and utilization of magnesium resources in the field of energy storage.Unfortunately,the inherent chemical properties of magnesium lead to poor cycling stability and electrochemical reactivity,which seriously limit the application of Mg-based materials in supercapacitors.Herein,in this review,more than 70 research papers published in recent 10 years were collected and analyzed.some representative research works were selected,and the results of various regulative strategies to improve the electrochemical performance of Mg-based materials were discussed.The effects of various regulative strategies(such as constructing nanostructures,synthesizing composites,defect engineering,and binder-free synthesis,etc.)on the electrochemical performance and their mechanism are demonstrated using spinelstructured MgX_(2)O_(4) and layered structured Mg-X-LDHs as examples.In addition,the application of magnesium oxide and magnesium hydroxide in electrode materials,MXene's solid spacers and hard templates are introduced.Finally,the challenges and outlooks of Mg-based electrochemical energy storage materials in high performance supercapacitors are also discussed.

关键词： supercapacitor Electrochemical energy storage Mg-based materials

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Ground-layer Adaptive Optics for the 2.5 m Wide-field and High-resolution solar Telescope

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第3期24卷 224-236页

作者： Ying Yang Lan-Qiang Zhang Nan-Fei Yan Jin-sheng Yang Zhen Li Teng-Fei song Xue-Jun rao Chang-Hui rao Key Laboratory on Adaptive Optics Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610209China Institute of Optics and Electronics Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610209China school of Electronic Electrical and Communication Engineering of the University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049China school of Astronomy and space science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Key Laboratory of Modern A&A Ministry of EducationNanjing 210023China Yunnan Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650216.China

The 2.5 m wide-field and high-resolution solar telescope(WeHosT)is currently under developing for solar observations.WeHosT aims to achieve high-resolution observations over a super-wide field of view(FOV)of5′×5′,and a desired resolution of 0.3″.To meet the scientific requirements of WeHosT,the ground-layer adaptive optics(GLAO)with a specially designed wave front sensing system is as the primary consideration.We introduce the GLAO configuration,particularly the wave front sensing scheme.Utilizing analytic method,we simulate the performance of both classical AO and GLAO systems,optimize the wave front sensing system,and evaluate GLAO performance in terms of PsF uniformity and correction improvement across whole FOV.The results indicate that,the classical AO will achieve diffraction-limited resolution;the suggested GLAO configuration will uniformly improve the seeing across the full 5′×5′FOV,reducing the FWHM across the axis FOV to less than0.3″(λ≥705 nm,r0≥11 cm),which is more than two times improvement.The specially designed wave front sensor schedule offers new potential for WeHosT’s GLAO,particularly the multi-FOV GLAO and the flexibility to select the detected area.These capabilities will significantly enhance the scientific output of the telescope.

关键词： instrumentation adaptive optics-instrumentation detectors-instrumentation high angular resolution-methods numerical-telescopes-sun activity

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Representation of the stratospheric Circulation in CRA-40 Reanalysis:The Arctic Polar Vortex and the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation

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Advances in Atmospheric sciences 2024年第5期41卷 894-914页

作者： Zixu WANG shirui YAN Jinggao HU Jiechun DENG Rongcai REN Jian rao Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education(KLME)Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change(ILCEC)Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters(CIC-FEMD)Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China Key Laboratory for semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education College of Atmospheric SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China state Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

The representation of the Arctic stratospheric circulation and the quasi-biennial oscillation(QBO)during the period 1981–2019 in a 40-yr Chinese global reanalysis dataset(CRA-40)is evaluated by comparing two widely used reanalysis datasets,ERA-5 and MERRA-2.CRA-40 demonstrates a comparable performance with ERA-5 and MERRA-2 in characterizing the winter and spring circulation in the lower and middle Arctic stratosphere.specifically,differences in the climatological polar-mean temperature and polar night jet among the three reanalyses are within±0.5 K and±0.5 m s^(–1),respectively.The onset dates of the stratospheric sudden warming and stratospheric final warming events at 10 hPa in CRA-40,together with the dynamics and circulation anomalies during the onset process of warming events,are nearly identical to the other two reanalyses with slight differences.By contrast,the CRA-40 dataset demonstrates a deteriorated performance in describing the QBO below 10 hPa compared to the other two reanalysis products,manifested by the larger easterly biases of the QBO index,the remarkably weaker amplitude of the QBO,and the weaker wavelet power of the QBO period.such pronounced biases are mainly concentrated in the period 1981–98 and largely reduced by at least 39%in 1999–2019.Thus,particular caution is needed in studying the QBO based on CRA-40.All three reanalyses exhibit greater disagreement in the upper stratosphere compared to the lower and middle stratosphere for both the polar region and the tropics.

关键词： CRA-40 ERA-5 MERRA-2 Arctic stratosphere the QBO

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Detection of a temporal salient object benefits from visual stimulus-specific adaptation in avian midbrain inhibitory nucleus

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第2期19卷 288-306页

作者： Jiangtao WANG Xiaoping rao shuman HUANG Zhizhong WANG Xiaoke NIU Minjie ZHU songwei WANG Li sHI Department of Automation Zhengzhou University School of Electrical EngineeringZhengzhouChina state Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics National Center for Magnetic Resonance in WuhanKey Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological SystemsInnovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina Department of Automation Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina

Food and predators are the most noteworthy objects for the basic survival of wild animals,and both are often deviant in both spatial and temporal domains and quickly attract an animal’s attention.Although stimulus-specific adaptation(ssA)is considered a potential neural basis of salient sound detection in the temporal domain,related research on visual ssA is limited and its relationship with temporal saliency is uncertain.The avian nucleus isthmi pars magnocellularis(Imc),which is central to midbrain selective attention network,is an ideal site to investigate the neural correlate of visual ssA and detection of a salient object in the time domain.Here,the constant order paradigm was applied to explore the visual ssA in the Imc of pigeons.The results showed that the firing rates of Imc neurons gradually decrease with repetitions of motion in the same direction,but recover when a motion in a deviant direction is presented,implying visual ssA to the direction of a moving object.Furthermore,enhanced response for an object moving in other directions that were not presented ever in the paradigm is also observed.To verify the neural mechanism underlying these phenomena,we introduced a neural computation model involving a recoverable synaptic change with a“center-surround”pattern to reproduce the visual ssA and temporal saliency for the moving object.These results suggest that the Imc produces visual ssA to motion direction,allowing temporal salient object detection,which may facilitate the detection of the sudden appearance of a predator.

关键词： adaptation attention model pigeon saliency

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