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An Enhanced Trust-Based secure Route Protocol for Malicious Node Detection

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Intelligent Automation & soft Computing 2023年第2期35卷 2541-2554页

作者： s.Neelavathy Pari K.sudharson Department of Computer Technology Anna UniversityChennai600025India Department of Information Technology Velammal Institute of TechnologyChennai601204India

The protection of ad-hoc networks is becoming a severe concern because of the absence of a central *** intensity of the harm largely depends on the attacker’s intentions during hostile *** a result,the loss of Information,power,or capacity may *** authors propose an Enhanced Trust-Based secure Route Protocol(ETBsRP)using features ***,the primary and secondary trust characteristics are retrieved and achieved routing using a *** complete trust characteristic obtains by integrating all logical and physical trust from every *** assure intermediate node trust-worthiness,we designed an ETBsRP,and it calculates and certiﬁes each mobile node's reputation and sends packets based on that ***,honesty,power,and capacity are the four trust characteristics used to calculate node *** categorize Nodes as trustworthy or untrustworthy according to their reputation *** nodes are detached from the routing pathway and cannot ***,we use the cryptographic functions to ensure more secure data ***,we eliminate the untrustworthy nodes from the routing process,and the datagram from the origin are securely sent to the target,increas-ing throughput by 93.4%and minimizing delay.

关键词： Ad-hoc network wireless security trust management data Mining cryptography

Plasma metabolomic profiles and immune responses of piglets after weaning and challenge with ***

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Journal of Animal science and Biotechnology 2014年第3期5卷 291-298页

作者： sugiharto sugiharto Mette s Hedemann Charlotte Lauridsen Department of Animal science Faculty of Science and TechnologyAarhus University Faculty of Animal science and Agriculture Diponegoro UniversitySemarang Central Java 50275Indonesia

Background： The processes of weaning and exposure to pathogenic bacteria induce stress responses, which may alter the metabolism. In this study, we investigated the changes in plasma metabolites and immune responses in piglets in response to the stress induced by weaning and Escherichia coli challenge. Results： Fecal dry matter decreased （P = 0.003） and nearly half （44.4%） the piglets developed diarrhea on day 2 and 3 postweaning. The concentration of plasma immunoglobulin A was higher （P 〈 0.001） on day 11 postweaning than on day 0 or 4 postweaning. The levels of white blood cells increased continuously （P〈 0.001） from day 0 to day 11 postweaning. Differences in the percentages of neutrophils （P = 0.029） and lymphocytes （P = 0.022） were seen, but the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio did not differ in the period after weaning. A clear separation of the metabolomic profile data for day 0 and day 4 postweaning was observed with a principal components analysis （PCA） scores plot, and the data for day 11 were located between those for day 0 and day 4 postweaning. The plasma levels of proline, taurine, and carnitine were higher, whereas those of betaine, creatine, L-arginine and acetylcarnitine were lower on day 4 postweaning than on day 0. Levels of lysophosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylcholine were either higher or lower after weaning, depending on the chain lengths or characters of these metabolites. Conclusions： Our results show a clear separation in the plasma metabolomic profiles of piglets that corresponded to the fecal responses to stress on the piglets induced by weaning or exposure to a pathogen （E. coli）. These plasma metabolite profiles suggest that the challenges induced proinflammatory responses in the piglets, resulting in postweaning diarrhea, which was associated with higher concentrations of IgA in the plasma.

关键词： E. coil F18 Immunity Metabolite Piglet Weaning

Diversity, Distribution Pattern and Conservation status of the Plants Used in Liver Diseases/Ailments in Indian Himalayan Region

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Journal of Mountain science 2006年第1期3卷 28-47页

作者： s.s. samant shreekar Pant G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development Himachal Unit Mohal-Kullu 175126 Himachal Pradesh India

In the Indian Himalayan Region, th studies focused on diversity of the plants used fo treating liver diseases/ailments have not been carried out so far. Therefore, the present attempt has been made to study the diversity, distribution pattern and conservation status of the plant species used fo treating liver diseases/ailments in that region. A tota of 138 species (35 species of trees, 22 shrubs and 8 herbs) belonging to 98 genera in 60 families hav been recorded. Amongst the families, Euphorbiacea (9 species), and altitudinal zone species) are rich in species. Traditionally, variou plant parts, such as roots/rhizomes/tubers (46 species), leaves (31), whole plants (30), barks (15) fruits (13), seeds and unspecified parts (8 each), and inflorescence (1) are used for the treatment of live diseases/ailments. 34 species are native, 3 ar endemic and 15 near endemic. 7 species ar categorized as Critically Endangered (Betula utilis) Endangered (Podophyllum hexandrum, Ephedra gerardiana, and Nardostachys grandiflora) and Vulnerable (Bergenia ligulata, B. stracheyi, and Hedychium spicatum) using new IUCN criteria Available chemical composition of plant parts used fo the treatment of liver diseases/ailments have beengiven. Assessment of the populations of threatened species, development of an appropriate strategy, action plan for the conservation and sustainable utilization of such components of plant diversity are suggested.

关键词： Indian Himalayan Region diversity liver ailments chemical composition native endemic critically endangered endangered

Improved hybrid strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithms for multi-objective optimization

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International Journal of Intelligent Computing and Cybernetics 2018年第1期11卷 20-46页

作者： K.shankar Akshay s.Baviskar Department of mechanical engineering indian institute of technology madraschennaiindia

Purpose–The purpose of this paper is to design an improved multi-objective algorithm with better spread and convergence than some current *** proposed application is for engineering design ***/methodology/approach–This study proposes two novel approaches which focus on faster convergence to the Pareto front(PF)while adopting the advantages of strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm-2(spEA2)for better *** first method,decision variables corresponding to the optima of individual objective functions(Utopia Point)are strategically used to guide the search toward *** second method,boundary points of the PF are calculated and their decision variables are seeded to the initial ***–The proposed methods are tested with a wide range of constrained and unconstrained multi-objective test functions using standard performance *** evaluation demonstrates the superiority of proposed algorithms over well-known existing algorithms(such as NsGA-II and spEA2)and recent ones such as NsLs and E-NsGA-II in most of the benchmark *** is also tested on an engineering design problem and compared with a currently used *** implications–The algorithms are intended to be used for practical engineering design problems which have many variables and conflicting objectives.A complex example of Welded Beam has been shown at the end of the *** implications–The algorithm would be useful for many design problems and social/industrial problems with conflicting ***/value–This paper presents two novel hybrid algorithms involving spEA2 based on:local search;and Utopia point directed search *** concept has not been investigated before.

关键词： Evolutionary algorithms Boundary points Multi-objective optimization problems strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm 2(spEA2)

C:N:P stoichiometry and nutrient limitation of the soil microbial biomass in a grazed grassland site under experimental P limitation or exces

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Ecological Processes 2012年第1期1卷 66-76页

作者： Bryan s Griffiths Annette spilles Michael Bonkowski Teagasc Environment Research CentreJohnstown CastleWexfordCoWexfordIreland Current address:sAC King's BuildingsWest Mains RoadEdinburgh EH93JGUK Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät der Universität zu Köln Zoologisches Institut Abt.TerrestrischeÖkologieBiowissenschaftliches ZentrumOtto-Fischer-Str.6D-50674KölnGermany

Introduction:The availability of essential nutrients,such as nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P),can feedback on soil carbon(C)and the soil microbial *** cycles can be supplemented by agricultural fertiliser addition,and we determined whether the stoichiometry and nutrient limitation of the microbial biomass could be affected by an unbalanced nutrient ***:samples were taken from a long-term trial(in effect since 1968)with annual applications of 0,15 and 30 kg P ha^(−1) with constant N and *** and microbial biomass CNP contents were measured and nutrient limitation assessed by substrate-induced *** regression and discriminant analyses were used to identify the variables explaining nutrient ***:soil and biomass CNP increased with increasing P fertiliser,and there was a significant,positive,correlation between microbial biomass P and biomass C,apart from at the highest level of P fertilisation when the microbial biomass was over-saturated with *** molar ratios of C:N:P in the microbial biomass remained constant(homeostatic)despite large changes in the soil nutrient *** growth was generally limited by C and N,except in soil with no added P when C and P were the main limiting nutrients.C,N and P,however,did not explain all the growth limitation on the soils with no added ***:Increased soil C and N were probably due to increased net primary *** results confirm that C:N:P ratios within the microbial biomass were constrained(***)under near optimum soil *** with no added P were characterised by strong microbial P limitation and soils under high P by over-saturation of microorganisms with *** changes in biomass C:P can be indicative of nutrient limitation within a site.

关键词： Carbon Nitrogen Nutrient limitation Phosphorus soil microbial biomass stoichiometry

Remote sensing and GIs Application in the Detection of Environmental Degradation Indicators

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Geo-spatial Information science 2011年第1期14卷 39-47页

作者： HadeelA s Mushtak T Jabbar CHEN Xiaoling state Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing Wuhan University 129 Luoyu Road Wuhan 430079. China Department of soil and Water College of Agriculture University of Basrah (Iraq) Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research Ministry of Education Jiangxi Normal UniversityNanchang 330022. China

The main aim of this research is to highlight the environment change indicators during the last 20 years in a representative area of the southern part of Iraq （Basrah Province was taken as a case） to understand the main causes which led to widespread environment degradation phenomena using a 1：250000 mapping scale. Remote sensing and GIs＇s software were used to classify Landsat TM in 1990 and Landsat ETM＋ in 2003 imagery into five land use and land cover （LULC） classes： vegetation land, sand land, urban area, unused land, and water bodies. supervised classification and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index （NDVI）, Normalized Difference Build-up Index （NDBI）, Normalized Difference Water Index （NDWI）, Normalized Difference salinity Index （NDsI）, and Topsoil Grain size Index （GsI） were adopted in this research and used respectively to retrieve its class boundary. The results showed a clear deterioration in vegetative cover （514.9 km2） and an increase of sand dune accumulations （438.6 km2）, accounting for 10.1, and 10.6 percent, respectively, of the total study area. In addition, a decrease in the water bodies＇ area was detected （228.9 kin2）. sand area accumulations had increased in the total study area, with an annual increasing expansion rate of （33.7 km2 · yr^-1） during the thirteen years covered by the study. It is therefore imperative that Iraqi government undertake a series of prudent actions now that will enable to be in the best possible position when the current environmental crisis ultimately passes.

关键词： environment degradation LULC Rs GIs classification indices

Path properties of l_p-valued Gaussian random fields

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science China Mathematics 2007年第10期50卷 1501-1520页

作者： Yong-Kab CHOI Miklós CsRGO Department of Mathematics Gyeongsang National UniversityJinju 660-701Korea school of Mathematics and statistics Carleton University1125 Colonel By DriveOttawaK1S 5B6Canada

General limit theorems are established for l^p-valued Gaussian random fields indexed by a multidimensional parameter,which contain both almost sure moduli of continuity and limits of large increments for the l^p-value... 详细信息

关键词： l^p-valued Gaussian random field modulus of continuity large deviation probability regularly varying function

On Finite Non-solvable Groups Whose Gruenberg-Kegel Graphs are Isomorphic to the Paw

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Communications in Mathematics and statistics 2022年第4期10卷 653-667页

作者： A.s.Kondrat’ev N.A.Minigulov N.N.Krasovskii Institute of Mathematics and Mechanics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of sciences 16 S.Kovalevskaya StrYekaterinburg 620108Russia

The Gruenberg-Kegel graph(or the prime graph)Γ(G)of a finite group G is a graph,in which the vertex set is the set of all prime divisors of the order of G and two different vertices p and q are adjacent if and only if there exists an element of order pq in *** paw is a graph on four vertices whose degrees are 1,2,2,*** consider the problem of describing finite groups whose Gruenberg-Kegel graphs are isomorphic as abstract graphs to the *** example,the Gruenberg-Kegel graph of the alternating group A_(10)of degree 10 is isomorphic as abstract graph to the *** this paper,we describe finite non-solvable groups G whose Gruenberg-Kegel graphs are isomorphic as abstract graphs to the paw in the case when G has no elements of order 6 or the vertex of degree 1 ofΓ(G)divides the order of the solvable radical of G.

关键词： Finite group Non-solvable group Gruenberg-Kegel graph The paw

Earthworms promote greater richness and abundance in the emergence of plant species across a grassland-forest ecotone

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2016年第6期9卷 703-711页

作者： Julia Clause sébastien Barot Estelle Forey Ecodiv URA/EA-1293 Normandie UniversitéUniversitéde RouenIRSTEASFR Scale 4116UFR Sciences et Techniques76821 Mont Saint Aignan CedexFrance Centre de Formation sur l'Environnement et la société(CEREs) Ecole Normale Supérieure24 Rue Lhomond75231 Paris Cedex 5France IRD-iEEs Paris 7quai St Bernard75230 Paris Cedex 05France

Aims Chalk grasslands are subject to vegetation dynamics that range from species-rich open grasslands to tall and encroached grasslands,and woods and *** grasslands,earthworms impact plant communities and ecosystem functioning through the modification of soil physical,chemical and microbiological properties,but also through their selective ingestion and vertical transportation of seeds from the soil seed *** experiments showed that seed-earthworm interactions are species specific,but little is known on the impact of seed-earthworm interactions in the *** overall aim of this study was to better understand seed-earthworm interactions and their impact on the plant *** we analyzed the composition of seedlings emerging from casts after earthworm *** we compared seedling composition in casts to the plant composition of emerging seedlings from the soil and of the aboveground vegetation along four stages of the secondary succession of chalk *** Four stages of the secondary succession of a chalk grassland—from open sward to woods—were sampled in Upper Normandy,France,in February *** each successional stage(×3 replicates),we sampled the standing vegetation,soil seed bank at three soil depths(0-2,2-5 and 5-10 cm)and earthworm surface casts along *** and cast samples were water sieved before samples were spread onto trays and placed into a *** seedlings were counted and *** of successional stage and origin of samples on mean and variability of abundance and species richness of seedlings emerging from casts and soil seed banks were *** compositions were compared between all sample *** used generalized mixed-effect models and a distance-based redundancy multivariate *** Findings seedling abundance was always higher in earthworm casts than in the soil seed bank and increased up to 5-fold,4-fold and 3.5-fold,respectively,in the tall grasslan

关键词： aboveground-belowground interactions earthworm casts seedling emergence secondary succession seed bank