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Feature Extraction and Classification of Photovoltaic Panels Based on Convolutional Neural Network

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第1期74卷 1437-1455页

Photovoltaic(PV)boards are a perfect way to create eco-friendly power from daylight.The defects in the PV panels are caused by various conditions;such defective PV panels need continuous monitoring.The recent development of PV panel monitoring systems provides a modest and viable approach to monitoring and managing the condition of the PV plants.In general,conventional procedures are used to identify the faulty modules earlier and to avoid declines in power generation.The existing deep learning architectures provide the required output to predict the faulty PV panels with less accuracy and a more time-consuming process.To increase the accuracy and to reduce the processing time,a new Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)architecture is required.Hence,in the present work,a new Real-time Multi Variant Deep learning Model(RMVDM)architecture is proposed,and it extracts the image features and classifies the defects in PV panels quickly with high accuracy.The defects that arise in the PV panels are identified by the CNN based RMVDM using RGB images.The biggest difference between CNN and its predecessors is that CNN automatically extracts the image features without any help from a person.The technique is quantitatively assessed and compared with existing faulty PV board identification approaches on the large real-time dataset.The results show that 98%of the accuracy and recall values in the fault detection and classification process.

关键词： Photovoltaic panels deep learning defect feature extraction RMVDM

Laboratory Implementation of Direct Torque Controller based speed Loop Pseudo Derivative Feedforward Controller for PMsM Drive

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CEs Transactions on Electrical Machines and systems 2024年第1期8卷 12-21页

作者： prabhakaran Koothu Kesavan Umashankar subramaniam Dhafer J.Almakhles IEEE Renewable Energy Laboratory Department of Electrical EngineeringPrince Sultan UniversityRiyadh 12435Saudi Arabia

This paper,evaluate the effectiveness of a proposed speed loop pseudo derivative feedforward(PDFF)controller-based direct torque controller(DTC)for a PMsM drive against the performance of existing PI speed controller-based DTC and hysteresis current controller(HCC).The proposed PDFF-based speed regulator effectively reduces oscillation and overshoot associated with rotor angular speed,electromagnetic torque,and stator current.Two case studies,one using forward-to-reverse motoring operation and the other involving reverse-to-forward braking operation,has been validated to show the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.The proposed controller's superior performance is demonstrated through experimental verification utilizing an FPGA controller for a 1.5 kW PMsM drive laboratory prototype.

关键词： Direct torque control Pseudo derivative feedforward controller Permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMsM)

Heavy metal pollution of river water and eco-friendly remediation using potent microalgal species

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Water science and Engineering 2024年第1期17卷 41-50页

作者： Amudham Radha Amal Raj prabhakaran Mylsamy V.sivasankar B.sathish Kumar Kiyoshi Omine T.G.sunitha Phycological Research Laboratory Research Department of BotanyPachaiyappa's College(Affliated to University of Madras)Chennai 600030India Research Department of Chemistry Pachaiyappa's College(Affliated to University of Madras)Chennai 600030India Department of Botany Sri Vidya Mandir Arts&Science College(Autonomous)KatteriUthangarai 636902India Department of Civil Engineering School of Engineering.Nagasaki UniversityNagasaki-Daigaku1-14 Bunkyo-machiNagasaki 8528521Japan

Pollution of rivers is mainly caused by anthropogenic activities such as discharge of effluent from industrial facilities,maintenance of sewage/effluent treatment plants,and dumping of solid waste on river banks.This study dealt with the pollution issues of the Cooum River in the well-known city of Chennai in south India.Water samples from 27 locations were collected and analyzed for 12 elements,including Ba,B,and Al,as well as heavy metals such as Pb,Cr,Mn,Fe,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,and Cd.The samples showed levels of these elements that exceeded World Health Organization recommendations.Pearson correlation analysis revealed the inter-dependency among elements,and the contribution of each element based on factor loadings showed its percentage contribution compared to others.Water samples from six significant locations were chosen for remediation with three algae:Chlorella vulgaris,scenedesmus dimorphus,and Phormedium sp.The uptake of pollutants led to the continuous growth of algae during the incubation period of 15 d,effectively removing heavy metals from the river water.The increasing levels of algal counts and the chlorophyll a content confirmed the algal growth during the incubation period,followed by a declining stage after the incubation period.The scanning electron microscopic images of algae before and after the remediation showed no remarkable modification of morphological patterns.This study showed that the uptake of heavy metals using algae is an effective water pollution remediation measure,making the process practicable in the field on a large scale in the near future.

关键词： Heavy metal Cooum river Phycoremediation Microalgae Factor analysis

BioClay^(TM)prolongs RNA interference-mediated crop protection against Botrytis cinerea

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2022年第11期64卷 2187-2198页

作者： Jonatan Niño-sánchez prabhakaran T.sambasivam Anne sawyer Rachael Hamby Angela Chen Elizabeth Czislowski Peng Li Narelle Manzie Donald M.Gardiner Rebecca Ford Zhi Ping Xu Neena Mitter Hailing Jin Department of Microbiology&Plant Pathology Center for Plant Cell BiologyInstitute for Integrative Genome BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCalifornia92521USA Department of Plant Production and Forest Resources University of ValladolidPalencia 34004Spain iuFOR‐sustainable Forest Management Research Institute University of Valladolid–INIAPalencia 34004Spain Centre for Planetary Health and Food security Griffith UniversityNathanQueensland4111Australia school of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences The University of QueenslandSt LuciaQueensland4072Australia Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation Centre for Horticultural ScienceThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQueensland4072Australia school of Agriculture and Food sciences The University of QueenslandSt LuciaQueensland4072Australia Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of QueenslandSt LuciaQueensland4072Australia

One of the most promising tools for the control of fungal plant diseases is spray-induced gene silencing(sIGs).In sIGs,small interfering RNA(siRNA)or double-stranded RNA(dsRNA)targeting essential or virulence-related pathogen genes are exogenously applied to plants and postharvest products to trigger RNA interference(RNAi)of the targeted genes,inhibiting fungal growth and disease.However,sIGs is limited by the unstable nature of RNA under environmental conditions.The use of layered double hydroxide or clay particles as carriers to deliver biologically active dsRNA,a formulation termed BioClay^(TM),can enhance RNA durability on plants,prolonging its activity against pathogens.Here,we demonstrate that dsRNA delivered as BioClay can prolong protection against Botrytis cinerea,a major plant fungal pathogen,on tomato leaves and fruit and on mature chickpea plants.BioClay increased the protection window from 1 to 3 weeks on tomato leaves and from 5 to 10 days on tomato fruits,when compared with naked dsRNA.In flowering chickpea plants,BioClay provided prolonged protection for up to 4 weeks,covering the critical period of poding,whereas naked dsRNA provided limited protection.This research represents a major step forward for the adoption of sIGs as an eco-friendly alternative to traditional fungicides.

关键词： Bio Clay double stranded RNA layered double hydroxide RNA interference spray-induced gene silencing

Is current training in basic and advanced cardiac life support(BLs & ACLs) effective? A study of BLs & ACLs knowledge amongst healthcare professionals of North-Kerala

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2016年第4期7卷 263-269页

作者： Madavan Nambiar Nisanth Menon Nedungalaparambil Ottapura prabhakaran Aslesh Department of Emergency Medicine Academy of Medical SciencesPariyaramKannurKeralaIndia

BACKGROUND:Healthcare professionals are expected to have knowledge of current basic and advanced cardiac life support(BLs/ACLs) guidelines to revive unresponsive patients.METHODs:Across-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the current practices and knowledge of BLs/ACLs principles among healthcare professionals of North-Kerala using pretested self-administered structured questionnaire.Answers were validated in accordance with American Heart Association's BLs/ACLs teaching manual and the results were analysed.REsULTs:Among 461 healthcare professionals,141(30.6%) were practicing physicians,268(58.1%) were nurses and 52(11.3%) supporting staff.The maximum achievable score was 20(BLs15/ACLs 5).The mean score amongst all healthcare professionals was 8.9±4.7.The mean score among physicians,nurses and support staff were 8.6±3.4,9±3.6 and 9±3.3 respectively.The majority of healthcare professionals scored scored 51%-80%and 20(4.34%)scored >80%.Mean scores decreased with age,male sex and across occupation.Nurses who underwent BLs/ACLs training previously had significantly higher mean scores(10.2±3.4) than untrained(8.2±3.6,P=0.001).Physicians with s experience(P=0.002) and nurses in the private sector(P=0.003)had significantly higher scores.One hundred and sixty three(35.3%) healthcare professionals knew the correct airway opening manoeuvres like head tilt,chin lift and jaw thrust.Only 54(11.7%) respondents were aware that atropine is not used in ACLs for cardiac arrest resuscitation and 79(17.1%) correctly opted ventricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia as shockable rhythms.The majority of healthcare professionals(356,77.2%) suggested that BLs/ACLs be included in academic curriculum.CONCLUsION:Inadequate knowledge of BLs/ACLs principles amongst healthcare professionals,especially physicians,illuminate lacunae in existing training systems and merit urgent redressal.

关键词： Basic life support Advanced cardiac life support Healthcare professionals Awareness Cardiopuimonary resuscitation

Evolutionary Implication of Outer Membrane Lipoprotein-Encoding Genes ompL1,lipL32 and lipL41 of Pathogenic Leptospira species

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2009年第3期7卷 96-106页

作者： K. Vedhagiri K. Natarajaseenivasan P. Chellapandi s.G. prabhakaran Joseph selvin s. sharma P. Vijayachari Division of Medical Microbiology Department of MicrobiologySchool of Life Sciences Bharathidasan UniversityTiruchirappalli 620024TamilnaduIndia Department of Bioinformatics School of Life SciencesBharathidasan UniversityTiruchirappalli 620024TamilnaduIndia Regional Medical Research Centre(RMRC) Indian Council of Medical Research/WHO Collaborative Centre for DiagnosisResearchReference and Training in LeptospirosisPort Blair 744101Andaman and Nicobar IslandsIndia

Leptospirosis is recognized as the most widespread zoonosis with a global distribution. In this study, the antigenic variation in Leptospira interrogans and Leptospira borgpetersenii isolated from human urine and field rat kidney was preliminarily confirmed by microscopic agglutination test using monoclonal antibodies, and was further subjected to amplification and identification of outer membrane lipoproreins with structural gene variation. sequence similarity analysis revealed that these protein sequences, namely OmpL1, LipL32 and LipL41, showed no more homologies to outer membrane lipoproteins of non-pathogenic Leptospira and other closely related spirochetes, but showed a strong identity within L. interrogans, suggesting intra-specific phylogenetic lineages that might be originated from a common pathogenic leptospiral origin. Moreover, the ompL1 gene showed more antigenic variation than lipL32 and lipL41 due to less conservation in secondary structural evolution within closely related species. Phylogenetically, ompL1 and lipL4l of these strains gave a considerable proximity to L. weilii and L. santaro- sai. The ompI,1 gene of L. interrogans clustered distinctly from other pathogenic and non-pathogenic leptospiral species. The diversity of ompL genes has been an- alyzed and it envisaged that sequence-specific variations at antigenic determinant sites would result in slow evolutionary changes along with new serovar origination within closely related species. Thus, a crucial work on effective recombinant vaccine development and engineered antibodies will hopefully meet to solve the therapeutic challenges.

关键词： Leptospiru ompL1 lipL32 lipL41 phylogeny antigenic variation

脑血管解剖变异对隐源性脑卒中潜在的逆行性栓塞的重要性

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国际医学放射学杂志 2017年第6期 741-741页

作者： M.Markl E.semaan L.R.stromberg J.Carr s.prabhakaran 宋瑞瑞 Department of Radiology Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern University

摘要目的假设脑血管解剖变异会使一些病人出现降主动脉(DAo)斑块逆行性栓塞,本研究将验证该假设。方法纳入35例隐源性脑卒中病人[年龄(63±17)岁],均行4D血

关键词：逆行性隐源性解剖变异脑血管脑卒中

Critical role of OX40 signaling in the TCR-independent phase of human and murine thymic Treg generation

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2019年第2期16卷 138-153页

作者： prabhakaran Kumar Alejandra Marinelarena Divya Raghunathan Vandhana K Ragothaman shikha saini Palash Bhattacharya Jilao Fan Alan L Epstein Ajay V Maker Bellur s Prabhakar Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Illinois-College of MedicineChicagoILUSA Department of Pathology University of Southern California Keck School of MedicineLos AngelesCAUSA Department of surgery Division of Surgical OncologyUniversity of Illinois-College of MedicineChicagoILUSA

Regulatory T cells(Tregs)play a pivotal role in immune-tolerance,and loss of Treg function can lead to the development of autoimmunity.Natural Tregs generated in the thymus substantially contribute to the Treg pool in the periphery,where they suppress self-reactive effector T cells(Teff)responses.Recently,we showed that OX40L(TNFsF4)is able to drive selective proliferation of peripheral Tregs independent of canonical antigen presentation(CAP-independent)in the presence of low-dose IL-2.Therefore,we hypothesized that OX40 signaling might be integral to the TCR-independent phase of murine and human thymic Treg(tTreg)development.Development of tTregs is a two-step process:strong T-cell receptor(TCR)signals in combination with co-signals from the TNFRsF members facilitate tTreg precursor selection,followed by a TCR-independent phase of tTreg development in which their maturation is driven by IL-2.Therefore,we investigated whether OX40 signaling could also play a critical role in the TCR-independent phase of tTreg development.OX40−/−mice had significantly reduced numbers of CD25−Foxp3low tTreg precursors and CD25+Foxp3+mature tTregs,while OX40L treatment of WT mice induced significant proliferation of these cell subsets.Relative to tTeff cells,OX40 was expressed at higher levels in both murine and human tTreg precursors and mature tTregs.In ex vivo cultures,OX40L increased tTreg maturation and induced CAP-independent proliferation of both murine and human tTregs,which was mediated through the activation of AKT-mTOR signaling.These novel findings show an evolutionarily conserved role for OX40 signaling in tTreg development and proliferation,and might enable the development of novel strategies to increase Tregs and suppress autoimmunity.

关键词： Thymic Tregs OX40L IL-2 Treg proliferation maturation

The Trend of Homicides in south Kerala from 2002-2016:A Retrospective Forensic Autopsy-Based study

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Journal of Forensic science and Medicine 2021年第4期7卷 111-116页

作者： Nikhil Dileeph s.sharija Antony stanley K.Valsala s.s.sujisha Nikita prabhakaran Department of Forensic Medicine De SMCSI Medical CollegeThiruvananthapuramKeralaIndia Department of Forensic Medicine Government Medical CollegeThiruvananthapuramKeralaIndia Achutha Menon Centre for Health science studies Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and TechnologyThiruvananthapuramKeralaIndia

Aims:The aim was to analyze the homicide pattern in south Kerala from autopsies conducted between 2002 and 2016.Objectives:Exploring the age and gender distribution of death due to homicide,the type and distribution of injuries according to the region of the body,and trends of homicide.We also tried to study the pattern of defense wounds in homicidal cases and characteristics in dyadic deaths(homicide-suicide).Materials and Methods:It was a retrospective descriptive study.The setting was the Department of Forensic Medicine,state Medico-Legal Institute,Government Medical College(GMC),Thiruvananthapuram.All cases of autopsies with an alleged history of homicide,between 2002 and 2016,done at Mortuary of GMC,Thiruvananthapuram,were included in the study.Records of all cases of an alleged history of homicide from January 1,2002 to December 31,2016 were perused.Results:957 cases were analyzed.The annual incidence of homicide is declining after 2012.Young adult males(31T0 years)are the most common group involved(24.97%).Head injury was the most common cause of death(43.68%).The head was the most common area to be affected in fatal blunt force injuries(49%)while the chest was involved commonly in fatal sharp force injuries(36%).Females were more often the homicide victims in murder-suicides.Husband-wife and fatherchild combination was the most common pairs in dyadic deaths.Conclusion:The characteristics which were associated with the homicides were generally in agreement with the existing forensic literature.The findings encourage examining the motives of homicide and potential sociocultural factors affecting the victims and possibly the assailants.We also found that the murder-suicide cases differed from the homicides requiring a separate domain of understanding and subsequent investigations.

关键词： Death homicide homicide-suicide Kerala murder Thiruvananthapuram