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The Influence of systematic Errors on the Asian summer Monsoon Circulation

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Advances in Atmospheric sciences 2000年第4期17卷 576-586页

作者： P. L. s. rao IBM India Research Laboratory Indian Institute of Technology

The systematic errors of wind field associated with the prediction of Asian summer monsoon and their impact on the monsoon circulation have been studied in this paper. The daily operational analyses and fore-casts (up to day-5) of the National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (NCMRWF), India, over the Asian summer monsoon domain for the period June, July and August of 1995 are made use for the purpose. The systematic errors associated with the low level flow delineate, reduction in the strength of trade winds leading to weakening of cross equatorial flow as well as westerly flow over Indian Ocean. The upper level errors connote weakening of Tibetan anticyclone and reduction in the strength of return flow into the southern Hemisphere. Further, these errors evince growing tendency with increase in the forecast period. Apart from the general underestimation of kinetic energy budget terms, the model forecasts fail to represent the transient eddies. The forecasts show increasing trend in the conversion of eddy to mean kinetic energy. These errors enfeeble Asian summer monsoon circulation with increase in the forecast period. Key words Monsoon - systematic errors - Kinetic energy budget The author is grateful to the NCMRWF for providing data and computing facilities to carry out the present study.

关键词： Monsoon systematic errors Kinetic energy budget

Response Analysis of Tension-Based Tension Leg Platform Under Irregular Waves

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China Ocean Engineering 2016年第4期30卷 603-614页

作者： D.s.Bhaskara rao R.Panneer selvam Department of Ocean Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Madras

Tension Leg Platform（TLP） is a hybrid structure used as oil drilling and production facility within water depths of 1200 m. The extension of this TLP concept to deeper waters is a challenge and warrants for some innovative design concepts. In this paper, a relatively new concept of TLP which is christened as Tension-Based Tension Leg Platform（TBTLP） and patented by srinivasan（1998） has been chosen for study. Response analysis of TLP with one tension base under irregular waves for three different sea states has been performed using hydrodynamic tool ANsYs？ AQWA？. Results are reported in terms of raos, response spectrums for surge, heave and pitch degrees of freedom from which spectral statistics have been obtained. The statistics of TBTLP have been compared with TLPs（without tension base） for two different water depths to highlight the features of the new concept. The effect of viscous damping and loading effects on the raos are also investigated.

关键词： Tension-Based Tension Leg Platform irregular waves time domain response response amplitudeoperators spectrum statistics coupled analysis

Performance evaluation of the incorporation of different wire meshes in between perforated current collectors and membrane electrode assembly on the Passive Direct methanol fuel cell

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2021年第4期34卷 360-367页

作者： Muralikrishna Boni s.srinivasa rao G.Naga srinivasulu Department of Mechanical Engineering National Institute of Technology WarangalWarangalTelanganaIndia

Passive Direct methanol fuel cells(DMFC)are more suitable for charging small capacity electronic *** passive DMFC,the fuel and oxidant are supplied by diffusion and natural convection process on the anode and cathode sides *** collectors(CC)play a vital importance in fuel cell *** paper presents the combined impact of perforated and wire mesh current collectors(WMCC)on passive DMFC *** types of open ratios of perforated current collectors(PCC),such as 45.40%,55.40%and 63.40%and two types of wire mesh current collectors with open ratios of 38.70%and 45.40%were chosen for the experimental work.A combination of TaguchiL9 rule is considered.A combination of three PCC and two WMCC on both anode and cathode was *** concentration was varied from 1 mol·L^(-1)-5 mol·L^(-1)for nine combinations of PCC and *** the experimental results,it is noticed that the combination of PCC and WMCC with an open ratio of 55.40%and 38.70%incorporated passive DMFC produced peak power density at 5 mol·L^(-1)of methanol *** passive DMFC performance was evaluated in terms of maximum power density and maximum current *** combined current collectors of PCC and WMCC open ratios of 55.40%+38.70%have more stable voltage than single PCC of open ratio 63.40%at 4 mol·L^(-1)of methanol concentration.

关键词： Passive DMFC Perforated current collector Wire mesh current collector Methanol concentration Fuel cell performance

Implementation of FPGA Based MPPT Techniques for Grid-Connected PV system

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Intelligent Automation & soft Computing 2023年第2期35卷 1783-1798页

作者： Thamatapu Eswara rao s.Elango Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Coimbatore Institute of TechnologyCoimbatoreIndia

Global energy demand is growing rapidly owing to industrial growth and *** energy sources are driven by limited reserves and rapid depletion of conventional energy sources(e.g.,fossil fuels).solar photovol-taic(PV),as a source of electricity,has grown in popularity over the last few dec-ades because of their clean,noise-free,low-maintenance,and abundant availability of solar *** are two types of maximum power point track-ing(MPPT)techniques:classical and evolutionary algorithm-based *** and less complex perturb and observe(P&O)and incremental conduc-tance(INC)approaches are extensively employed among classical *** study used aﬁeld-programmable gate array(FPGA)-based hardware arrange-ment for a grid-connected photovoltaic(PV)*** PV panels,MPPT con-trollers,and battery management systems are all components of the proposed *** the developed hardware prototype,various modes of operation of the grid-connected PV system were examined using P&O and incremental con-ductance MPPT approaches.

关键词： Grid connected PV system perturb and observe(P&O) incremental MPPT boost converter battery

steam as coolant and lubricant in turning of metal matrix composites

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Journal of Zhejiang University-science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2008年第9期9卷 1245-1250页

作者： Raviraj sHETTY Raghuvir PAI Vasanth KAMATH shrikanth s.rao Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering Manipal Institute of TechnologyKarnatakaIndia Department of Mechanical Engineering National Institute of TechnologyKarnatakaIndia

Green cutting has become focus of attention in ecological and environmental protection. steam is cheap, poilution-free and eco-friendly, and then is a good and economical coolant and lubricant. steam generator and steam feeding system were developed to generate and feed steam. Comparative experiments were carried out in cutting AA6061-15 vol.% siC （25 p.m particle size）, with cubic boron nitride （CBN） insert KB-90 grade under the conditions of compressed air, oil water emulsion, steam as coolant and lubricant, and dry cutting, respectively. The experimental results show that, with steam as coolant and lubricant, gradual reduction in the cutting force, friction coefficient, surface roughness and cutting temperature values were observed. Further, there was reduction in built up edge formation. It is proved that use of water steam as coolant and lubricant is environmentally friendly.

关键词： Metal matrix composites (MMCs) Turning Cutting force Thrust force Friction coefficient surface roughness Built-up edge (BUE)

Autologous mobilized peripheral blood CD34^+ cell infusion in non-viral decompensated liver cirrhosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第23期21卷 7264-7271页

作者： Mithun sharma Padaki nagaraja rao Mitnala sasikala Mamata Reddy Kuncharam Chimpa Reddy Vardaraj Gokak BPss Raju Jagdeesh R singh Piyal Nag D Nageshwar Reddy Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Asian Institute of Gastroenterology Asian Healthcare Foundation Asian Healthcare Foundation Department of Interventional Radiology Asian Institute of Gastroenterology

AIM: To study the effect of mobilized peripheral blood autologous CD34 positive(CD34+) cell infusion in patients with non-viral decompensated ***: Cirrhotic patients of non-viral etiology were divided into 2 groups based on their willingness to be listed for deceased donor liver transplant(DDLT)(control, n = 23) or to receive autologous CD34+ cell infusion through the hepatic artery(study group, n= 22). Patients in the study group were admitted to hospital and received granulocyte colony stimulating factor injections 520 μg/d for 3 consecutive days to mobilize CD34+ cells from the bone marrow. On day 4,leukapheresis was done and CD34+ cells were isolated using CliniMAC magnetic cell sorter. The isolated CD34+ cells were infused into the hepatic artery under radiological guidance. The patients were discharged within 48 h. The control group received standard of care treatment for liver cirrhosis and were worked up for DDLT as per protocol of the institute. Both groups were followed up every week for 4 wk and then every month for 3 ***: In the control and the study group, the cause of cirrhosis was cryptogenic in 18(78.2%) and16(72.72%) and alcohol related in 5(21.7%) and6(27.27%), respectively. The mean day 3 cell count(cells/μL) was 27.00 ± 20.43 with a viability of 81.84± 11.99%. and purity of 80%-90%. Primary end point analysis revealed that at 4 wk, the mean serum albumin in the study group increased significantly(2.83± 0.36 vs 2.43 ± 0.42, P = 0.001) when compared with controls. This improvement in albumin was,however, not sustained at 3 mo. However, at the end of3 mo there was a statistically significant improvement in serum creatinine in the study group(0.96 ± 0.33 vs 1.42 ± 0.70, P = 0.01) which translated into a significant improvement in the Model for End-stage Liver Disease score(15.75 ± 5.13 vs 19.94 ± 6.68,P = 0.04). On statistical analysis of secondary end points, the transplant free survival at the end of 1 mo and 3 mo did not show

关键词： CD34 cell infusion stem cell Cirrhosis Model for end-stage liver disease Liver transplantation

Region-dependent micro damage of enamel under indentation

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Acta Mechanica sinica 2012年第6期28卷 1651-1658页

作者： Bing-Bing An rao-rao Wang .Dong-sheng Zhang rao-rao Wang Dong-sheng Zhang shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 200072 Shanghai China The Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University 200072 Shanghai China Department of Mechanics Shanghai University200444 Shanghai China shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering 200072 Shanghai China

The objective of this investigation is to explore the region-dependent damage behavior of enamel, as well as to develop a good understanding of the deformation mech- anisms of enamel with numerical modeling. Nanoinden- tation experiments have been performed to investigate the load-penetration depth responses for outer and inner enamel. Results show that the unloading curve does not follow the loading curve, and degradation of stiffness in the unloading curve is observed. Based on the experimental data, a physi- cal quantity, the chain density in protein, has been introduced to the Drucker-Prager plastic model. Numerical simulations show that the simulated load-penetration depth curves agree with the experiments, and the stiffness degradation behav- iors of outer and inner enamel are captured by the numerical model. The region-dependent damage behavior of enamel could be revealed by the numerical model. The micro dam- age affected area at inner enamel is larger than that at outer enamel, indicating that the inner enamel experiences more micro damage than the outer one. Compared with its outer counterpart, the inner enamel which is rich in organic protein could break more internal protein chains to dissipate energy and to enhance its resistance to fracture accordingly.

关键词： Enamel. Nanoindentation Damage. Numerical simulation

Influence of bio-inspired flow channel designs on the performance of a PEM fuel cell

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2020年第3期28卷 824-831页

作者： srinivasa Reddy Badduri G.Naga srinivasulu s.srinivasa rao Department of Mechanical Engineering NITWarangalTelangana 506004India

Performance of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC)is appreciably affected by the channel *** branching structure of a plant leaf and human lung is an efficient network to distribute the nutrients in the respective *** same nutrient transport system can be mimicked in the flow channel design of a PEMFC,to aid even reactant distribution and better water *** this work,the effect of bio-inspired flow field designs such as lung and leaf channel design bipolar plates,on the performance of a PEMFC was examined experimentally at various operating conditions.A PEMFC of 49 cm2 area,with a Nafion 212 membrane with a 40%catalyst loading of 0.4 mg·cm-2 on the anode side and also 0.6 mg·cm-2 on the cathode side is assembled by incorporating the bio-inspired channel bipolar plate,and was tested on a programmable fuel-cell test *** impact of the working parameters like reactants’relative humidity(RH),back pressure and fuel cell temperature on the performance of the fuel cell was examined;the operating pressure remains constant at 0.1 *** was observed that the best performance was attained at a back pressure of 0.3 MPa,75°C operating temperature and 100%*** three flow channels were also compared at different operating pressures ranging from 0.1 MPa to 0.3 MPa,and the other parameters such as operating temperature,RH and back pressure were set as 75°C,100%and 0.3 *** experimental outcomes of the PEMFC with bio-inspired channels were compared with the experimental results of a conventional triple serpentine flow *** was observed that among the different flow channel designs considered,the leaf channel design gives the best output in terms of power ***,the experimental results of the leaf channel design were compared with those of the interdigitated leaf channel *** PEMFC with the interdigitated leaf channel design was found to generate 6.72%more power density than the non-interdigitated leaf channel design.

关键词： PEMFC Interdigitated leaf channel design Bio-inspired flow field design Operating temperature Relative humidity

Weighted Probability Density Estimator with Updated Bandwidths

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Journal of systems science & Complexity 2024年第2期37卷 886-906页

作者： WU Yi YU Wei WANG Xuejun PRAKAsA rao B L s school of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence Chizhou UniversityChizhou 247000China school of Big Data and statistics Anhui UniversityHefei 230601China CR rao Advanced Institute of Mathematics Statistics and Computer ScienceHyderabad 500046India

In this paper,the authors study a class of weighted version of probability density *** is shown that the weighted estimator contains some existing estimators of probability density,no matter they are recursive or *** statistical results including weak consistency,strong consistency,rate of strong consistency,and asymptotic normality are established under some mild ***,the random weighted estimator is also *** numerical simulations and a real data analysis are presented to study the numerical performances of the estimators.

关键词： Asymptotic normality consistency numerical simulation probability density real data analysis updated bandwidths weighted estimator