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Assessment of spongy moth infestation impacts on forest productivity and carbon loss using the sentinel-2 satellite remote sensing and eddy covariance flux data

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Ecological Processes 2024年第2期13卷 231-245页

作者： Nur hussain Alemu Gonsamo shusen Wang m.Altaf Arain school of Earth Environment and Society and McMaster Centre for Climate Change Mc Master University Canada Centre for Remote sensing Natural Resources Canada

Background Deciduous forests in eastern North America experienced a widespread and intense spongy moth（Lymantria dispar） infestation in 2021. This study quantified the impact of this spongy moth infestation on carbon（C） cycle in forests across the Great Lakes region in Canada, utilizing high-resolution（10 × 10 m2） sentinel-2 satellite remote sensing images and eddy covariance（EC） flux data. study results showed a significant reduction in leaf area index（LAI） and gross primary productivity（GPP） values in deciduous and mixed forests in the region in *** Remote sensing derived, growing season mean LAI values of deciduous（mixed） forests were 3.66（3.18）, 2.74（2.64）, and 3.53（2.94） m2m-2in 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively, indicating about 24（14）% reduction in LAI, as compared to pre-and post-infestation years. similarly, growing season GPP values in deciduous（mixed） forests were 1338（1208）, 868（932）, and 1367（1175） g C m-2, respectively in 2020, 2021 and 2022, showing about 35（22）% reduction in GPP in 2021 as compared to pre-and post-infestation years. This infestation induced reduction in GPP of deciduous and mixed forests, when upscaled to whole study area（178,000 km2）, resulted in 21.1（21.4） mt of C loss as compared to 2020（2022）, respectively. It shows the large scale of C losses caused by this infestation in Canadian Great Lakes *** The methods developed in this study offer valuable tools to assess and quantify natural disturbance impacts on the regional C balance of forest ecosystems by integrating field observations, high-resolution remote sensing data and models. study results will also help in developing sustainable forest management practices to achieve net-zero C emission goals through nature-based climate change solutions.

关键词： spongy moth Infestation Carbon Gross ecosystem productivity Leaf area index Temperate forest Remote sensing sentinel-2 Eddy covariance

Natural Convection and Irreversibility of Nanofluid Due to Inclined magnetohydrodynamics(mHD)Filled in a Cavity with Y-shape Heated Fin:FEm Computational

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Computer modeling in Engineering & sciences 2024年第5期139卷 1505-1519页

作者： Afraz hussain majeed Rashid mahmood sayed m.Eldin Imran saddique s.saleem muhammad Jawad school of Energy and Power Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang212013China Department of mathematics Air UniversityIslamabad44000Pakistan Center of Research Faculty of EngineeringFuture University in EgyptNew Cairo11835Egypt Department of mathematics University of Management and TechnologyLahore54770Pakistan Department of mathematics University of SargodhaSargodha40100Pakistan Department of mathematics College of ScienceKing Khalid UniversityAbha61413Saudi Arabia Faculty of sciences The Superior UniversityLahore54000Pakistan

This study explains the entropy process of natural convective heating in the nanofluid-saturated cavity in a heated fin andmagnetic *** temperature is constant on the Y-shaped fin,insulating the topwall while the remaining walls remain *** walls are subject to impermeability and non-slip *** mathematical modeling of the problem is demonstrated by the continuity,momentum,and energy equations incorporating the inclined magnetic *** elucidating the flow characteristics Finite Elementmethod(FEm)is implemented using stable FE pair.A hybrid fine mesh is used for discretizing the *** and thermal plots concerning parameters are *** addition,a detailed discussion regarding generation energy by monitoring changes in magnetic,viscous,total,and thermal irreversibility is *** addition,line graphs are created for the u and v components of the velocity profile to predict the flow *** simulations assume the dimensionless representative of magnetic field Hartmann number Ha between 0 and 100 and a magnetic field inclination between 0 and 90 degrees.A constant 4% volume proportion of nanoparticles is employed throughout all scenarios.

关键词： Finite element method nanomaterials entropy mHD square cavity Y-fin

Landau quantization effects on damping Kawahara solitons in electron–positron–ion plasma in rotating ionized medium

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第10期76卷 143-152页

作者： E I El-Awady s hussain N Akhtar Department of Physics Faculty of Science Port Said University Theoretical Physics Division (TPD) PINSTECH

For the dynamics of three-dimensional electron–positron–ion plasmas, a fluid quantum hydrodynamic model is proposed by considering Landau quantization effects in dense ***–neutral collisions in the presence of the Coriolis force are also considered. The application of the reductive perturbation technique produces a wave evolution equation represented by a damped Korteweg–de Vries equation. This equation, however, is insufficient for describing waves in our system at very low dispersion coefficients. As a result, we considered the highest-order perturbation, which resulted in the damped Kawahara equation. The effects of the magnetic field, Landau quantization, the ratio of positron density to electron density, the ratio of positron density to ion density, and the direction cosine on linear dispersion laws as well as soliton and conoidal solutions of the damped Kawahara equation are explored. The understanding from this research can contribute to the broader field of astrophysics and aid in the interpretation of observational data from white dwarfs.

关键词： Coriolis force Kawahara equation Landau quantization magnetoplasmas quantum plasma solitary and cnoidal waves

Energy management of buildings with energy storage and solar photovoltaic:A diversity in experience approach for deep reinforcement learning agents

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Energy and AI 2024年第1期15卷 1-14页

作者： Akhtar hussain Petr musilek Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of AlbertaEdmontonT6G 2G2ABCanada Department of Applied Cybernetics University of Hradec Králové50003Hradec KrálovéCzech Republic

Deep reinforcement learning(DRL)is a suitable approach to handle uncertainty in managing the energy consumption of buildings with energy storage ***,DRL agents are trained by randomly selecting samples from a data set,which can result in overexposure to some data categories and under/no exposure to other data ***,the trained model may be biased towards some data groups and underperform(provide suboptimal results)for data groups to which it was less *** address this issue,diversity in experience-based DRL agent training framework is proposed in this *** approach ensures the exposure of agents to all types of *** proposed framework is implemented in two *** the first step,raw data are grouped into different clusters using the K-means clustering *** clustered data is then arranged by stacking the data of one cluster on top of *** the second step,a selection algorithm is proposed to select data from each cluster to train the DRL *** frequency of selection from each cluster is in proportion to the number of data points in that cluster and therefore named the proportional selection *** analyze the performance of the proposed approach and compare the results with the conventional random selection method,two indices are proposed in this study:the flatness index and the divergence *** model is trained using different data sets(1-year,3-year,and 5-year)and also with the inclusion of solar *** simulation results confirmed the superior performance of the proposed approach to flatten the building’s load curve by optimally operating the energy storage system.

关键词： Battery energy storage Building demand management Deep reinforcement learning Diversity in experience Energy management

symmetries,optimal system,exact and soliton solutions of(3+1)-dimensional Gardner-KP equation

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Journal of Ocean Engineering and science 2024年第2期9卷 178-190页

作者： Amjad hussain Ashreen Anjum m.Junaid-U-Rehman Ilyas Khan mariam A.sameh Amnah s.Al-Johani Department of mathematics Quaid-I-Azam University 45320Islamabad 44000Pakistan Department of mathematics College of Science Al-ZulfiMajmaah UniversityAl-MajmaahP.O Box 66Majmaah 11952Saudi Arabia Electrical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering and TechnologyFuture University in EgyptNew Cairo 11845Egypt mathematics Department Faculty of ScienceUniversity of TabukTabukSaudi Arabia

In this research article,the(3+1)-dimensional nonlinear Gardner-Kadomtsov-Petviashvili(Gardner-KP)equation which depicts the nonlinear modulation of periodic waves,is analyzed through the Lie group-theoretic *** the Lie invariance condition,we find the symmetry *** pro-posed model yields eight-dimensional Lie ***,an optimal system of sub-algebras is com-puted,and similarity reductions are *** considered nonlinear partial differential equation is re-duced into ordinary differential equations(ODEs)by utilizing the similarity transformation method(sTm),which has the benefit of yielding a large number of accurate traveling wave *** ODEs are further solved to get closed-form solutions of the Gardner-KP equation in some cases,while in other cases,we use the new auxiliary equation method to get its soliton *** evolution profiles of the obtained solutions are examined graphically under the appropriate selection of arbitrary parameters.

关键词： Gardner-KP equation Lie symmetry analysis Optimal system New auxiliary equation method solitary wave solutions

A Hybrid Deep Learning and machine Learning-Based Approach to Classify Defects in Hot Rolled steel strips for smart manufacturing

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Computers, materials & Continua 2024年第8期80卷 2099-2119页

作者： Tajmal hussain Jungpyo Hong Jongwon seok Department of Information and Communication Engineering Changwon National UniversityChangwon51140Republic of Korea

smart manufacturing is a process that optimizes factory performance and production quality by utilizing various technologies including the Internet of Things(IoT)and artificial intelligence(AI).Quality control is an important part of today’s smart manufacturing process,effectively reducing costs and enhancing operational *** technology in the industry becomes more advanced,identifying and classifying defects has become an essential element in ensuring the quality of products during the manufacturing *** this study,we introduce a CNN model for classifying defects on hot-rolled steel strip surfaces using hybrid deep learning techniques,incorporating a global average pooling(GAP)layer and a machine learning-based sVm classifier,with the aim of enhancing ***,features are extracted by the VGG19 convolutional ***,after processing through the GAP layer,the extracted features are fed to the sVm classifier for *** this purpose,we collected images from publicly available datasets,including the Xsteel surface defect dataset(XsDD)and the NEU surface defect(NEU-CLs)datasets,and we employed offline data augmentation techniques to balance and increase the size of the *** outcome of experiments shows that the proposed methodology achieves the highest metrics score,with 99.79%accuracy,99.80%precision,99.79%recall,and a 99.79%F1-score for the NEU-CLs ***,it achieves 99.64%accuracy,99.65%precision,99.63%recall,and a 99.64%F1-score for the XsDD dataset.A comparison of the proposed methodology to the most recent study showed that it achieved superior results as compared to the other studies.

关键词： smart manufacturing steel defect detection deep learning CNN

Experimental study on Heat storage Properties Comparison of Paraffin/metal Foams Phase Change material Composites

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Journal of Thermal science 2024年第2期33卷 469-478页

作者： Waqar AHmED Abid hussain Hanzla sHAHID Imran ALI Hafiz muhammad ALI Department of mechanical Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyTaxila47080Pakistan Department of mechanical Engineering Institute of Space TechnologyIslamabadPakistan Department of mechanical Mechatronics and Manufacturing EngineeringUniversity of Engineering and Technology LahoreFaisalabad CampusPunjabPakistan mechanical Engineering Department King Fahd University of Petroleum and MineralsDhahran31261Saudi Arabia Interdisciplinary Research Center for Renewable Energy and Power systems(IRC-REPs) King Fahd University of Petroleum and MineralsDhahran31261Saudi Arabia

Heat storage properties of phase change materials(PCms) are essential characteristics that perform a key role in thermal heat energy storage *** thermal properties of PCms can be improved by developing metal foam/PCm *** addition of metal foam in PCms has a significant effect on the thermal characteristics of *** this paper,the heat storage properties of two different metal foam/PCm composites were experimentally *** behavior of paraffin in metal foam(copper and iron-nickel)/paraffin composites concerning pure paraffin at a constant heat flux of 1000 W/m^(2) in three directions simultaneously(x,y,and z) was *** was infiltrated into copper and iron-nickel foams to develop composite materials which resulted in enhancing the thermal conductivity of the paraffin.A comparative analysis is made on the heat storage properties of paraffin in copper and iron-nickel foams/paraffin *** temperature distribution during the phase transition process is experimentally *** comparison indicates that temperature uniformity in copper foam/paraffin composite is better than in iron-nickel foam/paraffin composite and pure paraffin at the same heat *** results show that at heat flux of 1000 W/m^(2),the heat storage time for copper foam/paraffin composite is 20.63% of that of iron-nickel foam/paraffin composite.

关键词： heat storage capacity paraffin/metal foam composite temperature uniformity heat storage rate phase transition process

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Fine sand and Clay sediment Acoustic Properties of the Novel sediment sample from the Arabian sea:Experimental Investigations and Biot−stoll model Validation

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China Ocean Engineering 2024年第1期38卷 169-180页

作者： shahabuddin sHAIKH HUANG Yi-wang ZHANG Ze-chuan Habib hussain ZUBERI National Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Technology and College of Underwater Acoustic Engineering Harbin Engineering UniversityHarbin 150001China

The present study explores the physical and acoustic characteristics of fine sand and clay in novel seabed marine sediments from of Pakistan coastline of the Arabian *** measured physical parameters included mean grain size,mass density,bulk density,salinity,porosity,permeability,pore size and mineralogical *** properties,including sound speed and attenuation,in the high frequency range of 90-170 kHz were analyzed.A controlled laboratory setup with the acoustic transmission method and Fourier transform techniques was utilized to examine the sound propagation and absorption of novel seabed *** standard deviation of mean sound speed in fresh water was 0.75 m/s,and attenuation was observed in the range of 0.43 to 0.61 dB/*** mean sound velocity in sand and clay varied from 1706 to 1709 m/s and 1602 to 1608 m/s,*** average attenuation was observed at 80 to 93 dB/m in sandy sediments and from 31.8 to 38.6 dB/m in clayey *** velocity variation within sandy sediment is low,consistent with expected results,and smaller than the predicted ***,clay sediment exhibited a positive linear correlation and low sound speed *** increased linearly with frequency for both ***,the laboratory results were validated by using the Biot−stoll *** dispersion of sound speed in sandy and clayey sediments was consistent with the predictions of the Biot−stoll *** attenuation aligned more with Biot−stoll model predictions due to improved permeability,tortuosity and pore size parameter fitting.

关键词： physical and acoustic characteristics marine sediments sound speed attenuation Biot−stoll model

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Knowledge and discriminatory attitudes towards HIV/AIDs among the women of reproductive age group of Pakistan using the multiple Indicator Cluster survey(mICs)

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Global Health Journal 2024年第2期8卷 74-82页

作者： Remsha hussain Russell Kabir school of Allied Health Faculty of HealthMedicine and Social CareAnglia Ruskin UniversityUnited Kingdom

Background Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(HIV/AIDs)has become a major worldwide public health issue,with a focus on developing *** having a very low HIV prevalence,south Asia faces serious issues with stigma and false information because of a lack of *** stigma highlights significant gaps in popular awareness while also sustaining unfavorable attitudes towards those living with HIV/*** is ranked second in south Asia for the rapidly increasing AIDs *** information and optimistic outlooks are essential for successful HIV/AIDs prevention,control,and *** false beliefs about how HIV/AIDs spreads lead to negative perceptions,which highlights the need to look into how women’s knowledge and attitudes about HIV/AIDs in Pakistan are influenced by sociodemographic traits and *** The purpose of this study is to evaluate Pakistani women’s discriminatory attitudes and level of awareness on HIV/*** study used data(the women in reproductive age 15-49 years’dataset)from the Pakistan multiple Indicator Cluster survey to conduct an analytical cross-sectional *** represent the respondents’attitudes and knowledge towards people living with HIV(PLHIV),two composite variables were developed and composite *** logistics regression was used to identify predictor variables and chi-square was used for bivariate *** The findings reveal that almost 90%of Pakistani women have poor knowledge and attitude with HIV/*** Punjab,72.8%of rural residents have low knowledge,whereas only 20.6%of young individuals(15-s old)show the least amount of *** is shown to be crucial,and“Higher”education is associated with superior *** dwellers in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa typically have more *** of HIV is positively correlated with education;those with higher education levels know a lot more(odds ratio[OR]=5.419).similarly,quintil

关键词： HIV/AIDs PLHIV Knowledge Attitudes Women Pakistan