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A case for systemic environmental analysis of cultured meat

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第2期14卷 249-254页

作者： Carolyn s Mattick Amy E Landis Braden R Allenby University of Texas school of Public Health 1200 Hermann Pressler DriveHouston TX 77030 USA school of sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment Arizona State UniversityTempe AZ PO Box 875306 USA

The environmental implications of cultured meat are profound. An anticipatory life cycle assessment of cultured meat published in 2011 suggested it could have a smaller impact than agricultural meat in all categories except energy consumption. As with most technologies, cultured meat will almost certainly be accompanied by unintended consequences as well as unforeseen costs and benefits that accrue disproportionately to different stakeholders. Uncertainty associated with new engineered products cannot be completely eliminated prior to introduction, but ongoing environmental assessments of the technologies as they advance can serve to reduce unforeseen risks. Given the pace at which tissue engineering is advancing, systemic assessments of the technology will be pivotal in mitigating unintended environmental consequences.

关键词： cultured meat in vitro meat factory-grown food anticipatory life cycle assessment systemic environmental implications of emerging technologies

Gain enhancement in two-stream free electron laser with a planar wiggler and an axial guide magnetic field

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Chinese Physics B 2012年第9期21卷 247-250页

作者： s.saviz Z.Rezaei Farzin M.Aghamir Plasma Physics Research Center Science and Research BranchIslamic Azad University Department of Physics University of Tehran

The theory for a two-stream free electron laser （FEL） consisting of a relativistic electron beam transported alongthe axis of a planar wiggler in the presence of an axial guiding magnetic field is proposed and investigated. The electron trajectories and the small signal gain are derived. The characteristic of the linear gain and the normalized maximum gain are studied numerically. The result shows that the normalized maximum gain is considerably enhanced in comparison with that of the single stream. The effect of the difference between the energies of the two beams in this configuration of FEL is also considered, and we find that the gain is affected by the energy differences between groups 1 and 2.

关键词： wo-stream free-electron laser

Nitrogen fractionation of certain conventional-and lesser-known by-products for ruminants

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Animal Nutrition 2017年第2期3卷 186-190页

作者： M.s.Mahesh sudarshan s.Thakur Rohit Kumar Tariq A.Malik Rajkumar Gami Animal Nutrition Division ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute (Deemed University) Division of Animal Nutrition Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Science and Technology-Jammu NDDB-Ration Balancing Program Office

Dietary proteins for ruminants are fractionated according to solubility, degradability and digestibility. In the present experiment, 11 vegetable protein meals and cakes used in ruminant nutrition were included with a main focus on determining various nitrogen(N) fractions in vitro. Total N(N×6.25) content varied from 22.98%(mahua cake) to 65.16%(maize gluten meal), respectively. Guar meal korma contained the lowest and rice gluten meal had the highest acid detergent insoluble nitrogen(ADIN; N×6.25). Boratephosphate insoluble N(BIN, N×6.25) and streptomyces griseus protease insoluble N(PIN; N×6.25) were higher(Ps, whereas groundnut cake and sunflower cake had lower(P spectively. Available N, calculated with the assumption that ADIN is indigestible, was maximum in guar meal korma and minimum in rice gluten meal. Furthermore, rapid and slowly degradable N(N × 6.25) was found to be higher(P spectively. Intestinal digestion of rumen undegradable protein, expressed as percent of PIN, was maximum in guar meal korma and minimum in rice gluten meal. It was concluded that vegetable protein meals differed considerably in N fractions, and therefore, a selective inclusion of particular ingredient is needed to achieve desired level of N fractions to aid precision N rationing for an improved production performance of ruminants.

关键词： ADIN Protein degradability soluble protein streptomyces griseus protease

DILECTRIC AND THERMAL PROPERTIEs OF PEO DOPED WITH CADIMIUM CHLORIDE sALT

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Chinese Journal of Polymer science 2012年第2期30卷 143-151页

作者： Jibril Al-Hawarin Ayman s.Ayesh Rami A.Abdel-Rahem Chemistry Department College of ScienceAl Hussein Bin Talal UniversityMaanJordan Physics Department College of ScienceKing Faisal UniversityAl-AhssaKingdom of Saudi Arabia Chemistry Department College of ScienceKing Faisal UniversityAl-AhssaKingdom of Saudi Arabia

The main aim of this research is to investigate the effect of salt concentration on the dielectric properties （AC （CrAC）, permittivity （d）, dielectric loss （d＇）, and dielectric relaxation process） and melting behavior of polyethylene oxide （PEO）/CdC12 complexes. The dielectric study was carried out over a frequency range 10-335 kHz and a temperature range 25--45~C. The AC conductivity, permittivity and dielectric loss of the PEO/CdC12 complexes increase with increasing salt concentration and temperature. Also, it was found that the addition of CdC12 salt to PEO host reduced the melting temperature of PEO host. Dielectric results reveal that the relaxation process of these complexes is due to viscoelastic relaxation or non-Debye relaxation at room temperature. Additionally, it was found that relaxation behavior remained viscoelastic at different temperatures and salt concentrations.

关键词： Polyethylene oxide CdC12 salt Dielectric properties Dielectric relaxation Relaxation process Thermalproperties.

Changing face of hepatic encephalopathy:Role of inflammation and oxidative stress

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第27期16卷 3347-3357页

作者： Amit s seyan Robin D Hughes Debbie L shawcross Institute of Liver studies King's College London School of Medicine at King's College HospitalKing's College Hospital

The face of hepatic encephalopathy(HE) is *** review explores how this neurocognitive disorder,which is associated with both acute and chronic liver injury,has grown to become a dynamic syndrome that spans a spectrum of neuropsychological impairment,from normal performance to *** central role of ammonia in the pathogenesis of HE remains ***,over the past 10 years,the HE community has begun to characterise the key roles of inflammation,infection,and oxidative/nitrosative stress in modulating the pathophysiological effects of ammonia on the *** review explores the current thoughts and evidence base in this area and discusses the potential role of existing and novel therapies that might abrogate the oxidative and nitrosative stresses inflicted on the brain in patients with,or at risk of developing,HE.

关键词： Hepatic encephalopathy Ammonia Inflammation Oxidative stress Astrocyte

spinless particles in the field of unequal scalar vector Yukawa potentials

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Chinese Physics B 2013年第4期22卷 81-86页

作者： M.Hamzavi s.M.Ikhdair K.E.Thylwe Department of science and Engineering Abhar Branch Islamic Azad University Abhar Iran Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Near East University 922022 Nicosia North Cyprus Mersin 10 Turkey Department of Physics Faculty of Science An-Najah National University Nablus West Bank Palestine KTH-Mechanics Royal Institute of Technology S-100 44 Stockholm Sweden

We present analytical bound state solutions of the spin-zero Klein–Gordon （KG） particles in the field of unequal mix-ture of scalar and vector Yukawa potentials within the framework of the approximation scheme to the centrifugal potential term for any arbitrary l-state. The approximate energy eigenvalues and unnormalized wave functions are obtained in closed forms using a simple shortcut of the Nikiforov–Uvarov （NU） method. Further, we solve the KG–Yukawa problem for its exact numerical energy eigenvalues via the amplitude phase （AP） method to test the accuracy of the present solutions found by using the NU method. Our numerical tests using energy calculations demonstrate the existence of inter-dimensional degeneracy amongst the energy states of the KG–Yukawa problem. The dependence of the energy on the dimension D is numerically discussed for spatial dimensions D = 2–6.

关键词： Klein–Gordon equation Yukawa potential D-dimensional space Nikiforov–Uvarov and amplitude phase methods

Experimental study on behaviors of polypropylene fibrous concrete beams

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Journal of Zhejiang University-science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2007年第7期8卷 1101-1109页

作者： sUJI D. NATEsAN s. C. MURUGEsAN R. sathyabama Institute of science and Technology Chennai Tamil Nadu India VLB Janakiammal College of Engineering and Technology Coimbatore Tamil Nadu India Gojan school of Business and Technology Red Hills Chennai Tamil Nadu India

synthetic fibers made from nylon or polypropylene have gained application when loose and woven into geo textile form although no information on the matrix’s mechanical performance is obtained so that more understanding of their structural contribution to resist cracking can be determined. This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation to determine the performance characteristics of concrete reinforced with a polypropylene structural fiber. In this investigation “Fiber mesh” brand of fibers manufactured by sL Concrete system, Tennessee, UsA and marketed by M/s Millennium Building system, Inc., Ban-galore, India are used. The lengths of the fibers used were 24 mm. Fiber dosages used were 0.9, 1.8, 2.7 kg/m3. A total of three mixtures, one for each fiber dosage were made. A standard slump cone test was conducted on the fresh concrete mix with and without fibers to determine the workability of the mix. The test program included the evaluation of hardened concrete properties such as compressive, split tensile, modulus of rupture and flexural strengths. The increase in compressive strength is about 36.25%, 26.20%, and 23.75% respectively that of plain concrete. This increase in strength was directly proportional to amount of fibers present in the mix. The increase in flexural strength for Mixes I^III is about 21%, 16.6%, and 23% respectively that of plain concrete specimens. An experimental investigation was also made to study the behaviors of reinforced fibers concrete beams (with longitudinal reinforcements) under two-point loading. The deflection and crack patterns were also studied. The improvements in strength and ductility characteristics were discussed.

关键词： Fiber Reinforcement Concrete Mechanical properties Polypropylene Fibre Reinforced Concrete (PFRC)

Nanophase Decomposition of a Zn-Al Based Alloy Zn_(68)Al_(10)Cu_(22)

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Journal of Materials science & Technology 2004年第6期20卷 687-690页

作者： Y.H.Zhu W.B.Lee s.To Advanced Materials Research Center Department of Industrial and systems Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong ChinaAdvanced Materials Research Center Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong ChinaAdvanced Materials Research Center Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong China

The nanostructural evolution and phase transformation of the films of a Zn-Al based alloy (Zn68Al10Cu22 in wt pct) have been studied by using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Nanostructural thin films of the Zn-AI based alloy were produced by using an electron beam deposition technique. It was found that a nanocrystalline phase η'n had a strong preferred crystal orientation at (0002) crystal planes in the as-deposited films. During ageing at 220℃, the decomposition of nanophase η'n started with clustering to form Z-zones, and transitionai phase, which was accompanied by an eutectoid decomposition of the η'n phase: η'n β'eut T'. Decomposition, such as clustering and the formation of the Z-zones, and the transitionai phase etc. were observed in the nanophase β'eut. The formation and the decomposition of the transitionai phase of micrometers in size were involved in the decomposition of the main nanophase η'n. The mechanism of the Z-zones formation and the stability of nanophases were discussed.

关键词： Ageing Nanostructure Nanophase stability Zn-Al based alloy film

Conceptual Design of the ITER Gas Injection system

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Plasma science and Technology 2013年第3期15卷 287-290页

作者：杨愚 s.MARUYAMA G.KIss 李伟江涛李波 ITER Organization Route de Vinon sur Verdon southwestern Institute of Physics

A conceptual design review of the ITER gas injection system （GIs） function, safety, operation, and maintenance has recently been successfully completed. The GIs design can now continue to the preliminary design stage. This paper gives an overall description of the requirements and implementation at the concept design level. The designs of the sub-systems according to its breakdown structure are discussed against the corresponding requirements.

关键词： ITER gas injection system system requirements concept design