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Quasi-monoenergetic Tens-of-MeV Proton Beams by a Laser-Illuminated Funnel-Like Target

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Chinese Physics Letters 2012年第3期29卷 142-145页

作者：班洪叶顾彦珺孔青李英瑛朱真 s.kawata Applied Ion Beam Physics Laboratory Key Laboratory of the Ministry of EducationInstitute of Modern PhysicsFudan UniversityShanghai 200433 Department of Interdisciplinary sciences Utsunomiya UniversityYohtoh 712Utsunomiya 3218585Japan

From numerical simulations,we study the generation of quasi-monoenergetic MeV proton beams from a laserilluminated funnel-like *** show that,when passing through such a target,the laser beam can be focused and constricted within a cylindrical bore at the funnel apex from which proton beams are *** by a much-enhanced laser intensity,the proton beams experience more acceleration time than with normal funnel *** from the cylinder bore,combined with an enhancement of a separated charge field from Al electrons,protons can attain higher energies up to several tens of *** the same time,strong suppression of the transverse divergence of the laser and proton beams yields a localized,collimated,mono-energetic proton beam.

关键词： strict cylindrical cylinder

Review of heavy-ion inertial fusion physics

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2016年第2期1卷 89-113页

作者： s.kawata T.Karino A.I.Ogoyski Graduate school of Engineering Utsunomiya UniversityYohtoh 7-1-2Utsunomiya321-8585Japan CORE(Center for Optical Research and Education) Utsunomiya UniversityYohtoh 7-1-2Utsunomiya321-8585Japan Department of Physics Technical University of VarnaUlitskaStudentska 1VarnaBulgaria

In this review paper on heavy ion inertial fusion(HIF),the state-of-the-art scientific results are presented and discussed on the HIF physics,including physics of the heavy ion beam(HIB)transport in a fusion reactor,the HIBs-ion illumination on a direct-drive fuel target,the fuel target physics,the uniformity of the HIF target implosion,the smoothing mechanisms of the target implosion non-uniformity and the robust target *** HIB has remarkable preferable features to release the fusion energy in inertial fusion:in particle accelerators HIBs are generated with a high driver efficiency of~30%-40%,and the HIB ions deposit their energy inside of ***,a requirement for the fusion target energy gain is relatively low,that would be~50-70 to operate a HIF fusion reactor with the standard energy output of 1 GWof *** HIF reactor operation frequency would be~10-15 Hz or ***-MJ HIBs illuminate a fusion fuel target,and the fuel target is imploded to about a thousand times of the solid *** the DT fuel is ignited and *** HIB ion deposition range is defined by the HIB ions stopping length,which would be~1 mm or so depending on the ***,a relatively large density-scale length appears in the fuel target *** of the critical issues in inertial fusion would be a spherically uniform target compression,which would be degraded by a non-uniform *** implosion non-uniformity would be introduced by the Rayleigh-Taylor(R-T)instability,and the large densitygradient-scale length helps to reduce the R-T growth *** the other hand,the large scale length of the HIB ions stopping range suggests that the temperature at the energy deposition layer in a HIF target does not reach a very-high temperature:normally about 300 eV or so is realized in the energy absorption region,and that a direct-drive target would be appropriate in *** addition,the HIB accelerators are operated repetitively and *** precis

关键词： Heavy ion inertial fusion Heavy ion fusion reactor system Fusion fuel target implosion Implosion dynamics Heavy ion beam transport Rayleigh-Taylor instability stabilization Robust fusion system

Mitigating parametric instabilities in plasmas by sunlight-like lasers

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2021年第5期6卷 54-61页

作者： H.H.Ma X.F.Li s.M.Weng s.H.Yew s.kawata P.Gibbon Z.M.sheng J.Zhang Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas(MoE) School of Physics and AstronomyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Collaborative Innovation Center of IFsA Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Graduate school of Engineering Utsunomiya UniversityYohtoh 7-1-2Utsunomiya 321-8585Japan Institute for Advanced simulation J¨ulich Supercomputing CentreForschungszentrum J¨ulich52425 J¨ulichGermany Centre for Mathematical Plasma Astrophysics Katholieke Universiteit Leuven3000 LeuvenBelgium sUPA Department of PhysicsUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgow G40NGUnited Kingdom Tsung-Dao Lee Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

sunlight-like lasers that have a continuous broad frequency spectrum,random phase spectrum,and random polarization are formulated *** a sunlight-like laser beam consisting of a sequence of temporal speckles,the resonant three-wave coupling that underlies parametric instabilities in laser–plasma interactions can be greatly degraded owing to the limited duration of each speckle and the frequency shift between two adjacent *** wave coupling can be further weakened by the random polarization of such *** simulations demonstrate that the intensity threshold of stimulated Raman scattering in homogeneous plasmas can be doubled by using a sunlight-like laser beam with a relative bandwidth of∼1%as compared with a monochromatic laser ***,the hot-electron generation harmful to inertial confinement fusion can be effectively controlled by using sunlight-like laser *** drivers may be realized in the next generation of broadband lasers by combining two or more broadband beams with independent phase spectra or by applying polarization smoothing to a single broadband beam.

关键词： polarization scattering speckle

Liver cirrhosis in Japan:Future global trends in the era of progressive antiviral therapy

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Portal Hypertension & Cirrhosis 2022年第3期1卷 178-183页

作者： Hirayuki Enomoto Tomoyuki Takashima Takashi Nishimura Nobuhiro Aizawa Naoto Ikeda Yukihisa Yuri Mamiko Okamoto Kohei Yoshihara Ryota Yoshioka shoki kawata shogo Ota Ryota Nakano Hideyuki shiomi Hiroko Iijima Department of Internal Medicine Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic DiseaseHyogo Medical UniversityHyogoJapan

In Japan,viral hepatitis is the main cause of chronic liver diseases,including liver *** to the availability of highly effective antiviral drugs in combination with antihepatitis measures,Japan has become one of the most successful countries in the world with regard to hepatitis virus *** Japan,there are many elderly patients who have been infected with hepatitis C virus for a long time,and antihepatitis measures have been in place since the ***,the medical situation in Japan is expected to reflect the future situation in other countries where hepatitis countermeasures have been recently initiated and the infected population is *** nationwide survey clarified the changes in the etiologies of liver cirrhosis in *** viral hepatitis remains a major cause of liver cirrhosis in Japan,nonviral cirrhosis is suggested to increasingly contribute to the etiologies of liver cirrhosis,as opposed to viral hepatitis‐related liver *** changing etiology of liver cirrhosis in Japan may help to predict future global trends in chronic liver diseases.

关键词： antihepatitis measures antiviral drugs etiology liver cirrhosis viral hepatitis

streamlined human antibody generation and optimization by exploiting designed immunoglobulin loci in a B cell line

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2021年第6期18卷 1545-1561页

作者： Hidetaka seo Hitomi Masuda Kenjiro Asagoshi Tomoaki Uchiki shigehisa kawata Goh sasaki Takashi Yabuki shunsuke Miyai Naoki Takahashi shu-ichi Hashimoto Atsushi sawada Aki Takaiwa Chika Koyama Kanako Tamai Kohei Kurosawa Ke-Yi Lin Kunihiro Ohta Yukoh Nakazaki Department of Life sciences Graduate School of Arts and SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan Research Laboratories Chiome Bioscience IncTokyoJapan

Monoclonal antibodies(mAbs)are widely utilized as therapeutic drugs for various diseases,such as cancer,autoimmune diseases,and infectious *** the avian-derived B cell line DT40,we previously developed an antibody display technology,namely,the ADLib system,which rapidly generates antigen-specific ***,we report the development of a human version of the ADLib system and showcase the streamlined generation and optimization of functional human *** libraries were first constructed by replacing endogenous immunoglobulin genes with designed human *** these libraries,clones producing full-length human IgGs against distinct antigens can be isolated,as exemplified by the selection of antagonistic *** advantage of avian biology,effective affinity maturation was achieved in a straightforward manner by seamless diversification of the parental clones into secondary libraries followed by single-cell sorting,quickly affording mAbs with improved affinities and ***,we demonstrate that the human ADLib system could serve as an integrative platform with unique diversity for rapid de novo generation and optimization of therapeutic or diagnostic antibody ***,our results suggest that libraries can be constructed by introducing exogenous genes into DT40 cells,indicating that the ADLib system has the potential to be applied for the rapid and effective directed evolution and optimization of proteins in various fields beyond biomedicine.

关键词： Immunoglobulin rearrangements homologous recombination antibody therapeutics antibody engineering drug discovery

Pancreatic hyperechogenicity associated with hypoadiponectinemia and insulin resistance: A Japanese population study

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World Journal of Hepatology 2016年第33期8卷 1452-1458页

作者： Naohiko Makino Nakao shirahata Teiichiro Honda Yoshiaki Ando Akiko Matsuda Yushi Ikeda Miho Ito Yuko Nishise Takafumi saito Yoshiyuki Ueno sumio kawata Department of Gastroenterology Faculty of MedicineYamagata University Department of Internal Medicine Hyogo Prefectural Nishinomiya Hospital

AIM To examine the relationship between pancreatic hyperechogenicity and risk factors for metabolic *** A general population-based survey of lifestyle-related diseases was conducted from 2005 to 2006 in Japan. The study involved 551 participants older than 40 year of age. Data for 472 non-diabetic adults were included in the analysis. The measures included the demographic factors, blood parameters, results of a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test, and abdominal ultrasonography. The echogenicity of the pancreas and liver was compared, and then the subjects were separated into two groups: cases with pancreatic hyperechogenicity(n = 208) and cases without(controls, n = 264). The differences between both groups were compared using an unpaired t-test or Fisher's exact test. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between the pancreatic hyperechogenicity and clinical and bio-chemical *** subjects with pancreatic hyperechogenicity had decreased serum adiponectin concentration compared to control subjects [8.9(6.5, 12.8) vs 11.1(7.8, 15.9), P s of metabolic syndrome. Logistic regression analysis showed that the following variables were significantly and independently associated with pancreatic hyperechogenicity: Presence of hypoadiponectinemia, increased body mass index(BMI), higher homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR) score, and presence of fatty liver. similar associations were also observed in subjects with pancreatic hyperechogenicity without fatty liver. Multivariate association analysis of data from participants without fatty liver showed that hypoadiponectinemia was significantly associated with pancreatic hyperechogenicity(OR = 0.93, 95%CI: 0.90- 0.97, P s association was independent of other confounding variables. Additionally, an increased BMI and higher HOMA-IR score were significantly associated with pancreatic hyperecho

关键词：胰腺的 hyperechogenicity 新陈代谢的症候群肥胖 Adiponectin Takahata 学习

Role of the preoperative usefulness of the pathological diagnosis of pancreatic diseases

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2016年第9期8卷 656-662页

作者： Kazuya Matsumoto Yohei Takeda Takumi Onoyama soichiro kawata Hiroki Kurumi Masaru Ueki Norimasa Miura Hajime Isomoto Department of Gastroenterology Tottori University Hospital Department of Next Generation Advanced Medical Promotion Center Tottori University Hospital Division of Pharmacotherapeutics Department of Pathophysiological and Therapeutic ScienceFaculty of MedicineTottori University

Pancreatic cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer death and has the lowest survival rate of any solid *** ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy(EUs-FNA) is currently capable of providing a cytopathological diagnosis of pancreatic malignancies with a higher diagnostic power,with a sensitivity and specificity of 85%-89% and 98%-99%,compared to pancreatic juice cytology(PJC),whose sensitivity and specificity are only 33.3%-93% and 83.3%-100%.However,EUs-FNA is not effective in the cases of carcinoma in situ and minimally invasive carcinoma because both are undetectable by endoscopic ultrasonography,although PJC is able to detect *** for the frequency of complications such as post endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis,EUs-FNA is safer than *** diagnose pancreatic cancer appropriately,it is necessary for us to master both procedures so that we can select the best methods of sampling tissues while considering the patient's safety and condition.

关键词： Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy Cytology Pathology Pancreatic juice cytology Pancreatic cancer

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汽车发动机用无Co排气阀座圈材料的开发

粉末冶金技术 2006年第1期24卷 18-23页

作者：藤木章宫泽智则小柳贡士藤塚裕树河田英昭韩凤麟日产自动车(株) 日立粉末冶金(株)

烧结合金广泛地用于制作汽车发动机阀座圈(VsI)。就增高耐热与耐磨耗性能而言,在合金化设计上,烧结合金远比常规的锻钢与铸造合金灵活。特别是,一些高钴烧结材料由于耐磨耗与耐热性高而广泛用作排气阀座圈材料。鉴于近来将发动机的A/F比... 详细信息

烧结合金广泛地用于制作汽车发动机阀座圈(VsI)。就增高耐热与耐磨耗性能而言,在合金化设计上,烧结合金远比常规的锻钢与铸造合金灵活。特别是,一些高钴烧结材料由于耐磨耗与耐热性高而广泛用作排气阀座圈材料。鉴于近来将发动机的A/F比(空气/燃料比)调整到比常规的贫化(即空气/燃料比增高),排气阀座圈的工作环境趋于严酷。这种A/F比贫化的趋向旨在减少排出的废气和减低燃料消耗。另一方面,也需要不断地减少使用像钴之类环境负荷高的材料。同时,钴昂贵,减低钴含量有利于节省这些材料。这篇论文详细报道了无钴、无铅及有利于环境的排气阀座圈的开发与使用。

关键词：无钴排气阀座圈钼烧结钢无铅