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Evolution of Mother-to-Child HiV-1 Transmission Rate in Mali from 2009 to 2018

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Advances in Microbiology 2024年第5期14卷 256-267页

作者： Alou sanogo Mohamed Ag Baraïka Maïga Aminata Demba Koita Mahamadou Abdou Mamadou Guindo Clémentine n’Diaye Fatoumata namoudou Traoré Abdoulaye Bagayoko Youssouf Diallo Flabou Bougoudogo ibrehima Guindo national institute for Public Health Bamako Mali Faculty of Pharmacy (FAPH) University of Science of Technical and Technology de Bamako Bamako Mali University Hospital Center (CHU)-Point G Bamako Mali Faculty of Medecine and Odonto-stomatology University of Science of Technical and Technology de Bamako Bamako Mali sector Unit for the Fight against AiDs Tuberculosis and Hepatitis Bamako Mali UniCEF (United nations Children’ s Fund) Bamako Mali

Despite enormous efforts to achieve the goal of eliminating mother-to-child transmission of HiV-1, it remains a major challenge for many countries in sub-saharan Africa, particularly Mali. Our objective is to assess changes in the rate of mother-to-child transmission of HiV-1. We conducted a cross-sectional study between January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2018 (10 years) of early diagnosis activity in newborns and children born to HiV-1-positive mothers at the national institute for Public Health (insP). The samples came from health and referral centers in mali. All samples were received at the Laboratory of Molecular Biology at the insP. Proviral Dna extraction was performed from a blood spot sample with a Roche Dna kit, Cobas AmpliPrep/Cobas taqMan HiV-1 qualitative Test, V2.0 (Roche Molecular system, inc, UsA) following the company procedures. Molecular diagnosis was performed using the same kits using an algorithm of three identical PCRs. The Epi info version 7 software was used for data analysis with a significance threshold of 5%. A total of 10,714 samples of infants and children born to HiV-positive mothers were analyzed by PCR. ninety-six percent of mothers were on ARV prophylaxis (AZT 3TC nVP and AZT nVP) and 60% of newborns received the same ARV prophylaxis. Of these children, 956 tested positive with an overall transmission rate of 8.92%, varying between 7.27% in 2009 and 08.01% in 2018. This rate was relatively low among children receiving prophylaxis at 2.04% and remained high for children who received breastfeeding at 5.62%. However, the transmission rate remains low for those who have benefited from mixed and artificial breastfeeding at 1.58% and 1.27% respectively. A significant proportion of children remained infected by their mothers during pregnancy, childbirth or breastfeeding. This study shows the importance of early diagnosis of HiV in children using molecular technology.

关键词： Early Diagnosis Mothers-to-Child newborns PCR Dna HiV-1

Rational Design of Ruddlesden-Popper Perovskite Ferrites as Air Electrode for Highly Active and Durable Reversible Protonic Ceramic Cells

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nano-Micro Letters 2024年第9期16卷 308-324页

作者： na Yu idris Temitope Bello Xi Chen Tong Liu Zheng Li Yufei song Meng ni Department of Building and Real estate Research Institute for Sustainable Urban Development(RISUD)and Research Institute for Smart Energy(RISE)The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong KongPeople’s Republic of China The Hong Kong Polytechnic University shenzhen Research institute Shenzhen 518057GuangdongPeople’s Republic of China Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayHong KongPeople’s Republic of China

Reversible protonic ceramic cells(RePCCs)hold promise for efficient energy storage,but their practicality is hindered by a lack of high-performance air electrode ***-Popper perovskite sr_(3)Fe_(2)O_(7−δ)(sF)exhibits superior proton uptake and rapid ionic conduction,boosting ***,excessive proton uptake during RePCC operation degrades sF’s crystal structure,impacting *** study introduces a novel A/B-sites co-substitution strategy for modifying air electrodes,incorporating sr-deficiency and nb-substitution to create sr_(2.8)Fe_(1.8)nb_(0.2)O_(7−δ)(D-sFn).nb stabilizes sF’s crystal,curbing excessive phase formation,and sr-deficiency boosts oxygen vacancy concentration,optimizing oxygen *** D-sFn electrode demonstrates outstanding activity and durability,achieving a peak power density of 596 mW cm^(−2)in fuel cell mode and a current density of−1.19 A cm^(−2)in electrolysis mode at 1.3 V,650℃,with excellent cycling *** approach holds the potential for advancing robust and efficient air electrodes in RePCCs for renewable energy storage.

关键词： Reversible protonic ceramic cells Air electrode Ruddlesden-Popper perovskite Hydration Oxygen reduction reaction

incidence and risk factors of depression in patients with metabolic syndrome

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第2期14卷 245-254页

作者： Li-na Zhou Xian-Cang Ma Wei Wang Department of Psychiatry The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710061Shaanxi ProvinceChina

BACKGROUnD Many studies have explored the relationship between depression and metabolic syndrome(Mets),especially in older *** has entered an aging ***,there are still few studies on the elderly in Chinese *** To investigate the incidence and risk factors of depression in Mets patients in China's Mainland and to construct a predictive *** Data from four waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal study were selected,and middle-aged and elderly patients with Mets(n=2533)were included based on the first *** to the center for epidemiological survey-depression scale(CEsD),participants with Mets were divided into depression(n=938)and non-depression groups(n=1595),and factors related to depression were screened ***,the 2-,4-,and 7-year follow-up data were analyzed,and a prediction model for depression in Mets patients was *** The prevalence of depression in middle-aged and elderly patients with Mets was 37.02%.The prevalence of depression at the 2-,4-,and 7-year follow-up was 29.55%,34.53%,and 38.15%,*** prediction model,constructed using baseline CEsD and Physical self-Maintenance scale scores,average sleep duration,number of chronic diseases,age,and weight had a good predictive effect on the risk of depression in Mets patients at the 2-year follow-up(area under the curve=0.775,95%confidence interval:0.750-0.800,Pith a sensitivity of 68%and a specificity of 74%.COnCLUsiOn The prevalence of depression in middle-aged and elderly patients with Mets has increased over *** early identification of and intervention for depressive symptoms requires greater attention in Mets patients.

关键词： Depression Metabolic syndrome Prevalence Risk factor

Ag-GsT/HfO_(x)-based unidirectional threshold switching selector with low leakage current and threshold voltage distribution for high-density cross-point arrays

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Rare Metals 2024年第1期43卷 280-288页

作者： Kyoung-Joung Yoo Dae-Yun kang nahyun Kim Ho-Jin Lee ta-Hyeong Kim taeho Kim tae Geun Kim school of Electrical Engineering Korea UniversitySeoul 02841Republic of Korea

The use of electrochemical-metallization-based volatile threshold switching selectors in cross-point arrays has been widely explored owing to their high on-off ratios and simple ***,these devices are unsuitable for cross-point architectures because of the difficulty in controlling the random filament formation that results in large fluctuations in the threshold voltage during *** this study,we investigated the unidirectional threshold transition characteristics associated with an Ag/GsT/HfO_(x)/Pt-based bilayer selector and demonstrated the occurrence of a low leakage current(nd low distribution of the threshold voltage(Δ0.11 V).The bilayer structure could control the filament formation in the intermediate state through the insertion of an HfO_(x) tunneling *** stacking a bilayer selector with niO_(x)based resistive random-access memory,the leakage and programming currents of the device could be significantly *** the crossbar array configuration,we performed equivalent circuit analysis of a one-selector oneresistor(1s1R) devices and estimated the optimal array size to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed *** maximum acceptable crossbar array size of the 1s1R device with the Ag/GsT/HfO_(x)/Pt/Ti/niO_(x)/Pt structure was 5.29×10^(14)(n^(2),n=2.3×10^(7)).

关键词： selector device Tunneling barrier Threshold switching sputtering 1s1R Cross-point array

Astrophysical s-factor and reaction rate for 15n(p,γ)16O within the modified potential cluster model

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第4期48卷 130-145页

作者： s.B.Dubovichenko A.s.Tkachenko R.Ya.Kezerashvili n.A.Burkova B.M.Yeleusheva Fesenkov Astrophysical institute 050020 AlmatyKazakhstan new York City College of Technology City University of New YorkBrooklyn11201 New YorkUSA Graduate school and University Center City University of New York10016 New YorkUSA al-Farabi kazakh national University 050040 AlmatyKazakhstan

We study radiative p^(15)n capture on the ground state of ^(16)O at stellar energies within the framework of a modified potential cluster model(MPCM)with forbidden states,including low-lying *** investigation of the ^(15)n(p,γ0)^(16)O reaction includes the consideration of ^(3)s_(1) resonances due to E1 transitions and the contribution of the ^(3)P_(1) scattering wave in the p+^(15)n channel due to the ^(3)P_(1)→^(3)P_(0)M1 *** calculated the astrophysical low-energy s-factor,and the extrapolated s(0)turned out to be within 34.7−40.4 keV·*** important role of the asymptotic constant(AC)for the ^(15)n(p,γ0)16O process with interfering ^(3)s_(1)(312)and ^(3)s_(1)(962)resonances is elucidated.A comparison of our calculation for the s-factor with existing experimental and theoretical data is addressed,and a reasonable agreement is *** reaction rate is calculated and compared with the existing *** has negligible dependence on the variation of AC but shows a strong impact of the interference of ^(3)s_(1)(312)and ^(3)s_(1)(962)resonances in reference to the CnO Gamow windows,especially at low *** estimate the contribution of cascade transitions to the reaction rate based on the exclusive experimental data from ***.C.85,065810(2012).The reaction rate enhancement due to the cascade transitions is observed from T_(9)>0.3 and reaches the maximum factor~1.3 at T_(9)=*** present the Gamow energy window and a comparison of rates for radiative proton capture reactions ^(12)n(p,γ)^(13)O,^(13)n(p,γ)^(14)O,^(14)n(p,γ)^(15)O,and ^(15)n(p,γ)^(16)O obtained in the framework of the MPCM and provide the temperature windows,prevalence,and significance of each process.

关键词： low and astrophysical energies p^(15)n system thermonuclear reaction rate potential cluster model CnO-cycle

Prompt neutron emission in ^(250)no spontaneous fission associated with ground and isomeric state decays

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第6期48卷 112-117页

作者： R.s.Mukhin A.V.isaev A.V.Andreev M.L.Chelnokov V.i.Chepigin H.M.Devaraja i.n.izosimov A.A.Kuznetsova O.n.Malyshev A.G.Popeko Yu.A.Popov A.Rahmatinejad B.sailaubekov T.M.shneidman E.A.sokol A.i.svirikhin M.s.Tezekbayeva M.A.Bychkov A.V.Yeremin O.Dorvaux B.Gall K.Kessaci K.Hauschild A.Lopez-Martens Joint institute for nuclear Research Dubna141980Russia Dubna state University Dubna141982Russia institute of nuclear Physics Almaty050032Kazakhstan L.n.Gumilyov Eurasian national University Astana010008Kazakhstan kazan Federal University Kazan420008Russia Universitéde strasbourg CNRSStrasbourg67000France iJCLab IN2P3-CNRSUniversitéParis-SaclayOrsay91400France

The complete-fusion reaction^(204)Pb(^(48)Ca,2n)^(250)no was used to study two activities of^(250)no with distinct half-lives.A total of 1357 events were observed in the sFinx neutron detection *** average number of neutrons emitted per spontaneous fission of^(250)no was determined to be(4.1±0.1).The unusually symmetrical shape of the prompt neutron multiplicity distribution was restored and presented for the first *** tests were performed to compare the prompt neutron multiplicity distributions associated with the ground state and K-isomer state decays.

关键词： spontaneous fission prompt neutrons actinide

Wettability,reactivity,and interface structure in Mg/ni system

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第2期12卷 659-672页

作者： s.Terlicka n.sobczak Ł.Maj P.Darłak J.J.sobczak institute of Metallurgy and Materials science Polish Academy of Sciences25 Reymonta Str.KrakowPoland Faculty of Foundry Engineering AGH University23 Reymonta Str.KrakowPoland

The sessile drop method was applied to the experimental investigation of the wetting and spreading behaviors of liquid Mg drops on pure ni *** comparison,the experiments were performed in two variants:(1)using the Capillary Purification(CP)procedure,which allows the non-contact heating and squeezing of a pure oxide-free Mg drop;(2)by classical Contact Heating(CH)*** high-temperature tests were performed under isothermal conditions(CP:760℃for 30 s;CH:715℃for 300 s)using Ar+5 wt%H_(2) *** the sessile drop tests,images of the Mg/ni couples were recorded by CCD cameras(57 fps),which were then applied to calculate the contact angles of metal/substrate *** and transmission electron microscopy analyses,both coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy,were used for detailed structural characterization of the solidified *** was found that an oxide-free Mg drop obtained by the CP procedure showed a wetting phenomenon on the ni substrate(an average contact angleθins),followed by fast spreading and good wetting over the ni substrate(θ_((CP))~20°in 5 s)to form a final contact angle ofθ_(f(CP))~18°.in contrast,a different wetting behavior was observed for the CH procedure,where the unavoidable primary oxide film on the Mg surface blocked the spreading of liquid Mg showing apparently non-wetting behavior after 300 s contact at the test ***,in both cases,the deep craters formed in the ni substrates under the Mg drops and significant change in the structure of initially pure Mg drops to Mg-ni alloys suggest a strong dissolution of ni in liquid Mg and apparent values of the final contact angles measured for the Mg/ni system.

关键词： Magnesium-based alloys sessile drop tests Capillary purification procedure Wettability Reactivity Contact angle

Clinical value of precise rehabilitation nursing in management of cerebral infarction

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第1期12卷 24-31页

作者： Ya-na Xu Xiu-Zhen Wang Xiao-Rong Zhang Department of neurology Wuhan Fourth HospitalWuhan 430030Hubei ProvinceChina Department of neurosurgery The First People's Hospital of Jiangxia DistrictWuhan City(Union Jiangnan Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology)Wuhan 430200Hubei ProvinceChina

BACKGROUnD Cerebral infarction,previously referred to as cerebral infarction or ischemic stroke,refers to the localized brain tissue experiencing ischemic necrosis or softening due to disorders in brain blood supply,ischemia,and *** precision rehabilitation nursing model for chronic disease management is a continuous,fixed,orderly,and efficient nursing model aimed at standardizing the clinical nursing process,reducing the wastage of medical resources,and improving the quality of medical *** To analyze the value of a precise rehabilitation nursing model for chronic disease management in patients with cerebral *** Patients(n=124)admitted to our hospital with cerebral infarction between november 2019 and november 2021 were enrolled as the study *** random number table method was used to divide them into a conventional nursing intervention group(n=61)and a model nursing intervention group(n=63).Changes in the nursing index for the two groups were compared after conventional nursing intervention and precise rehabilitation intervention nursing for chronic disease *** Compared with the conventional intervention group,the model intervention group had a shorter time to clinical symptom relief(Pilton Anxiety scale and Hamilton Depression scale scores,a lower incidence of total complications(Pigher disease knowledge mastery rate,higher safety and quality,and a higher overall nursing satisfaction rate(PnCLUsiOn The precision rehabilitation nursing model for chronic disease management improves the clinical symptoms of patients with cerebral infarction,reducing the incidence of total complications and improving the clinical outcome of patients,and is worthy of application in clinical practice.

关键词： Precise rehabilitation nursing model for chronic disease management Cerebral infarction Knowledge of disease safety and quality

基于KMeans-EDA算法的非均衡评论情感分类研究

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山东理工大学学报（自然科学版） 2024年第4期38卷 45-52页

作者：郭卡安徽外国语学院信息与数学学院安徽合肥231200

学习者真实的评价是反映在线课程优缺点的重要指标,快速准确地获得其反馈,对于在线课程的优化极为重要。为深入挖掘学习者的在线学习行为,继而为在线教学提供有效的数据基础,爬取了中国大学MOOC平台的课程评论文本,基于Bert模型的结构,... 详细信息

学习者真实的评价是反映在线课程优缺点的重要指标,快速准确地获得其反馈,对于在线课程的优化极为重要。为深入挖掘学习者的在线学习行为,继而为在线教学提供有效的数据基础,爬取了中国大学MOOC平台的课程评论文本,基于Bert模型的结构,建立了基于自注意力文本表征的机器学习模型,能够实现对评论文本的精确情感分类,从而获得学习者内隐的情感状态。由于爬取数据中负面评论较少,故设计了KMeans-EDA自适应均衡采样训练策略,解决了训练过程中模型偏向多数类的问题,提升了模型对负面评论的识别能力。实验结果表明,该策略可以将模型对评论文本的F1-score值从0.6902提升到0.7399。

关键词：在线课程评论文本文本情感分类预训练特征表示非均衡训练

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